tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-47300237377139102672024-03-18T20:56:47.723-07:00MARI BERMAIN MINIATUR KERETA API INDONESIA (SKALA 1/87)Blog tentang hobby miniatur kereta api (model railroading) dan lingkungannyaPetruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.comBlogger31125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-18950364762082728842014-08-06T09:09:00.000-07:002014-08-06T19:45:35.671-07:00SJS dan CENTRAAL STATION DJOERNATAN<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtMmcXxdMykWp95sJkzF-Z5hW6pv9UfYtNLvSY2HhuHBZJ7qyNWRkXlauZJ7z2hALHIsOyafvsOqVW_v22C9K8y1aTXAPQZ0t6BsR8-hlw_zW2v9qCFt3BndH4nhyl8pDQgraMmQ2HnEA/s1600/juwana.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtMmcXxdMykWp95sJkzF-Z5hW6pv9UfYtNLvSY2HhuHBZJ7qyNWRkXlauZJ7z2hALHIsOyafvsOqVW_v22C9K8y1aTXAPQZ0t6BsR8-hlw_zW2v9qCFt3BndH4nhyl8pDQgraMmQ2HnEA/s1600/juwana.jpg" height="223" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">lembaran surat berharga SAMARANG JOANA STOOMTRAM Maatschappij</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><span style="color: #274e13;">Ada banyak perusahaan transportasi berbasis rel, di kota SEMARANG Jawa Tengah - pada jaman Hindia Belanda (Nederlandsch Indische - sekarang INDONESIA) -pada tahun 1900 sampai 1940-an. Dari sekian banyak perusahaan tersebut, ada salah satu yang sangat menarik: perusahaan transportasi tram untuk pelayanan jurusan Semarang - Yuwana, yang dahulu bernama aseli: SAMARANG JOANA STOOMTRAM Maatschappij dan biasa disingkat</span> <b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">SJS</span></span> </b></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Di kala itu, tidak kurang dari empat perusahaan jasa (maskapai) transportasi berbasis rel, yang berkantor di kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah. </span></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Menurut
Deddy Herlambang dari <i>Indonesian Railway
Preservation Society </i>(IRPS), keempat maskapai itu adalah <i>Serajoe Dal Stoomtram Maatschappij</i>
(SDS) melayani jalur Purwokerto-Wonosobo, <i>Samarang Joana Stoomtram
Maatschappij</i> (SJS) dengan trek Semarang-Joana (Juwana). Di
referensi lain, disebutkan trek Semarang-Juwana melayani Semarang-Demak, Kudus,
Juwana, Rembang, dan Lasem. </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><i>Samarang Joana Stoomtram
Maatschappij</i> (SJS) menjadi menarik, karena ada banyak dokumentasi dari koleksi Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal, -Land en Volkenkunde - mengenai betapa majunya transportasi tram, pada masa-masa tersebut. </span></span></span><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Samarang Juana Stoomtram Maatschappij</i> (SJS) yang membangun
jalan rel pada lintas utara Jawa antara lain Semarang – Lasem (1883-1900),
Lasem – Jatirogo (1914-1919), Demak – Blora (1884-1894), Rembang – Cepu
(1901-1903), Purwodadi – Gundih (1884), Wirosari – Kradenan (1898),
Kudus – Pecangaan (1887-1895).</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Wilayah ini adalah penghasil terbesar komoditi gula, kapuk,
kayu jati, tras dan bahan bangunan lainnya yang merupakan tambang emas
angkutan perusahaan SJS.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Untuk angkutan dalam kota Semarang, SJS membangun jalan rel
dari Jurnatan ke Jomblang dan dari Jurnatan melalui Jalan Bojong (sekarang
Jalan Pemuda) ke Bulu (sekarang Jalan Siliwangi) hingga Banjir Kanal Barat.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">SJS memulai pembangunan jalur kereta api dari Semarang
dengan tujuan Juana yang melalui kawasan Demak, Kudus, dan Pati pada tahun 1882.
Stasiun Jurnatan dibangun di Joernatanweg (sekarang Jalan Agus Salim), karena
pada masa tu letaknya di tengah kota, Stasiun Jurnatan disebut juga Central
Station.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMOuujXwGz_20jRPkro76BWsW6LFda0tiYQE0l9X93tAlQLhOr8EYyuD6wVgFvk5rweSIWgw7MI-jS2InxnHrnrBTzqC9e8eukBMqu6OhqKWb4J8RPWM6INf8Bkgt9u8Hed7FjsdGP_1Q/s1600/84176-1916-cr.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMOuujXwGz_20jRPkro76BWsW6LFda0tiYQE0l9X93tAlQLhOr8EYyuD6wVgFvk5rweSIWgw7MI-jS2InxnHrnrBTzqC9e8eukBMqu6OhqKWb4J8RPWM6INf8Bkgt9u8Hed7FjsdGP_1Q/s1600/84176-1916-cr.jpg" height="168" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">armada tram milik SJS</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuhrCdMk5VkJnwAjZhwkVSPJSogsyUrY0kK19irSBOwcx1UjEN6JOshFgNAosdZoZtAAZUMlVCKg4mZ2FfOw7sB6xzrWznTDMDYV6t54oSynKVqIAbS_G9hMudylvFPlVXft_GoTvuIHs/s1600/Bengkel(3)-84190.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuhrCdMk5VkJnwAjZhwkVSPJSogsyUrY0kK19irSBOwcx1UjEN6JOshFgNAosdZoZtAAZUMlVCKg4mZ2FfOw7sB6xzrWznTDMDYV6t54oSynKVqIAbS_G9hMudylvFPlVXft_GoTvuIHs/s1600/Bengkel(3)-84190.jpg" height="188" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">suasana bengkel kereta SJS di Semarang</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCYSCNgm_S_YEo2SZNXanjbwiUbti1aYGCBDAzAs42ViSGabObjMePSbXWd7xZlta4WQNGWdAPL9vixYAewxe05g_h8KQrWYvJs88gKx7C3mP8ZZgEbnAb7holfWt7LpIyyN_vzMPKMr0/s1600/Bengkel-84190.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCYSCNgm_S_YEo2SZNXanjbwiUbti1aYGCBDAzAs42ViSGabObjMePSbXWd7xZlta4WQNGWdAPL9vixYAewxe05g_h8KQrWYvJs88gKx7C3mP8ZZgEbnAb7holfWt7LpIyyN_vzMPKMr0/s1600/Bengkel-84190.jpg" height="181" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">peralatan di bengkel SJS di Semarang</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJYWQon2PRcRLNBpf0oDbAT2DcjQpojWrtHCsPVUpzzpWg1iICxjaZ_6xIAjZAJnP2FlKKDfh_xE8L5KzxQ0Tfr9Rq1aTBOfwS9kvAoi1gqL8U2HyGK9tVtpUsM3zkcRctKf1_NKYCmH8/s1600/Bengkel(2)-84190.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJYWQon2PRcRLNBpf0oDbAT2DcjQpojWrtHCsPVUpzzpWg1iICxjaZ_6xIAjZAJnP2FlKKDfh_xE8L5KzxQ0Tfr9Rq1aTBOfwS9kvAoi1gqL8U2HyGK9tVtpUsM3zkcRctKf1_NKYCmH8/s1600/Bengkel(2)-84190.jpg" height="181" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">peralatan di bengkel SJS di Semarang</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIAeE6dtWrWjavHsz08jRl9oES5IXCBRmN8134TOquVFu5b-E45Xf381kYK5FVHHgctIERFYPoud35pRY2uBTatinjKvO2XM2k4H5ZZ5uPaenkE4e9O7WqcwVIp7duSXGTeczak9NU5-U/s1600/Bengkel-84187.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIAeE6dtWrWjavHsz08jRl9oES5IXCBRmN8134TOquVFu5b-E45Xf381kYK5FVHHgctIERFYPoud35pRY2uBTatinjKvO2XM2k4H5ZZ5uPaenkE4e9O7WqcwVIp7duSXGTeczak9NU5-U/s1600/Bengkel-84187.jpg" height="189" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">suasana bengkel SJS</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTSvL_PPbWgs-CfziIFS7V_OoEs2iHvy0mmUngsqU96tMz2SWl1y7cQ28EX76Ve5oAdeXCwL_UdEmnE057KlOKG57rdRz1WoNCmA0p0Zf3AOBVgxK_WEYLGw2OAi7xVGeDUmk71ACbMi0/s1600/Bengkel(4)-84187.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTSvL_PPbWgs-CfziIFS7V_OoEs2iHvy0mmUngsqU96tMz2SWl1y7cQ28EX76Ve5oAdeXCwL_UdEmnE057KlOKG57rdRz1WoNCmA0p0Zf3AOBVgxK_WEYLGw2OAi7xVGeDUmk71ACbMi0/s1600/Bengkel(4)-84187.jpg" height="181" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">peralatan bengkel SJS</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3EKKGV4cs2zlWXCWCfqv-3bIJU5eqvzj5eCZUyQlQU0E9PlbGLK5OtJbKX2Y2nZQQ-DehYcDJTqggBriE5-NxIvchZnQ5RyLvJCfkf5tNzz0QIxxO0fCn06g5DZ2qqsSVDd4ilmjQVy8/s1600/Depo+SJS+1914-hires-19205(c).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3EKKGV4cs2zlWXCWCfqv-3bIJU5eqvzj5eCZUyQlQU0E9PlbGLK5OtJbKX2Y2nZQQ-DehYcDJTqggBriE5-NxIvchZnQ5RyLvJCfkf5tNzz0QIxxO0fCn06g5DZ2qqsSVDd4ilmjQVy8/s1600/Depo+SJS+1914-hires-19205(c).jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">depo lokomotif SJS koleksi KITLV image code19205 circa 1914</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjjgayF68srx1yJxz42bYK0XMvSP-bVT_DRsbEIkvGWPO6KIVsqm3m7_QlWXakuy8eCgPSdyWNIecgiX4R681udnKjMPkd5ugL4FDssT6jSO4ThoiX-1uFqn6qpPk1TE0CAcY5OWvkXvY/s1600/Depo+SJS+1916-hires-84170(c).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjjgayF68srx1yJxz42bYK0XMvSP-bVT_DRsbEIkvGWPO6KIVsqm3m7_QlWXakuy8eCgPSdyWNIecgiX4R681udnKjMPkd5ugL4FDssT6jSO4ThoiX-1uFqn6qpPk1TE0CAcY5OWvkXvY/s1600/Depo+SJS+1916-hires-84170(c).jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">depo lokomotif SJS koleksi KITLV image code</span>84170 circa 1916</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBlPDtPXY0p9ttzRmy0-DFRKABxaPMaFVWNihwGCD0dgQ8FjGjpCvaVa_BjzqX2V27FuiifxTFbfoVU7ca4nuN-xMUDCjJ-kddfQwqPTkx6YgTCwlw8r7po-aOXiQLIe_DtB-qxzCy4Po/s1600/Bengkel(3)-84182.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBlPDtPXY0p9ttzRmy0-DFRKABxaPMaFVWNihwGCD0dgQ8FjGjpCvaVa_BjzqX2V27FuiifxTFbfoVU7ca4nuN-xMUDCjJ-kddfQwqPTkx6YgTCwlw8r7po-aOXiQLIe_DtB-qxzCy4Po/s1600/Bengkel(3)-84182.jpg" height="187" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">bengkel (balai yasa) kereta api, milik SJS di Semarang</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYgWTse4HZMmiMnaKAjvnwjXp2h5dbNSylA0a7C8T25AL1uzuo239a9bqCuwExkHqnyWFxzDhjuAg-7NsrkQdXPlU5n6Hpji7XHO9rWmpu7JfI8NPl6MqkLacM4K5iV0u4CewO8DMLBh8/s1600/Bengkel(4)-84182.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYgWTse4HZMmiMnaKAjvnwjXp2h5dbNSylA0a7C8T25AL1uzuo239a9bqCuwExkHqnyWFxzDhjuAg-7NsrkQdXPlU5n6Hpji7XHO9rWmpu7JfI8NPl6MqkLacM4K5iV0u4CewO8DMLBh8/s1600/Bengkel(4)-84182.jpg" height="181" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">bengkel kereta api SJS zoom in </span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwHeJqN2lmjZoPo_L63tLz85iJXEkoDSiJ1XxBioILsqTQrzDd4pWph0p5BBX7B-pemLBzFS46kdgAYrpLLR8JP9th3dfdttl8SzpYv0q4HnZ6Su0w_x9THsf7aumoqqgqBDakZIojEJs/s1600/Bengkel(5)-84182.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwHeJqN2lmjZoPo_L63tLz85iJXEkoDSiJ1XxBioILsqTQrzDd4pWph0p5BBX7B-pemLBzFS46kdgAYrpLLR8JP9th3dfdttl8SzpYv0q4HnZ6Su0w_x9THsf7aumoqqgqBDakZIojEJs/s1600/Bengkel(5)-84182.jpg" height="181" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">bengkel kereta api SJS zoom in (2) - bandingkan dengan</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv4GWuIA8IPNG2_R3eCEW8j-xWsT4TkhbyUN9K73KQp2nex709ysEMwVQFyY9zbYphugfc5kFQc9_sBWeLBndqfGq-tagLt7R4OaMZwRTOwtMKJPAlE62yn-VZzsiWsz-wFmWByyk-VHg/s1600/Jomblang_Bulu+1930+SJS.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv4GWuIA8IPNG2_R3eCEW8j-xWsT4TkhbyUN9K73KQp2nex709ysEMwVQFyY9zbYphugfc5kFQc9_sBWeLBndqfGq-tagLt7R4OaMZwRTOwtMKJPAlE62yn-VZzsiWsz-wFmWByyk-VHg/s1600/Jomblang_Bulu+1930+SJS.jpg" height="219" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">lokomotif B-2 SJS sedang ber-aksi (Stasiun Djomblang)</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHSGDgyvybs2NE7bYxgpaf8JEYPfmAyRknFOgkg_01FCAQmLZkY5fKsuXCsMydQCYTqY3-_JEi-k08MIox5ZclyFQfIy_SqdeQlVvU6vsG8ukE8dDzzAZn_8L6c1d-sx3NGQHO29PhyJI/s1600/114935-1920(crop).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHSGDgyvybs2NE7bYxgpaf8JEYPfmAyRknFOgkg_01FCAQmLZkY5fKsuXCsMydQCYTqY3-_JEi-k08MIox5ZclyFQfIy_SqdeQlVvU6vsG8ukE8dDzzAZn_8L6c1d-sx3NGQHO29PhyJI/s1600/114935-1920(crop).jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">tram SJS dan jaringan rel milik SJS di depan kantor pusat N.I.S (Lawang Sewu)</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiegsPVnEOjfFI6K6n_elMUh0xOl0hXMgzbPawsDSKU7qkJo-e_1T1I_8yI5YqrHBDtVQBJSvKcLt2zZJgZ_Oq_DwVxPbRTpenMqtcqeCQnixug04mYVSY7ib-8Lp3FuTykpJhT3yUab30/s1600/1916(hires2)84172-T.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiegsPVnEOjfFI6K6n_elMUh0xOl0hXMgzbPawsDSKU7qkJo-e_1T1I_8yI5YqrHBDtVQBJSvKcLt2zZJgZ_Oq_DwVxPbRTpenMqtcqeCQnixug04mYVSY7ib-8Lp3FuTykpJhT3yUab30/s1600/1916(hires2)84172-T.jpg" height="181" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">depo lokomotif (locomotieven remise) milik SJS di Semarang</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqp_71Ev9uNBVTMzJUrEDdn7oI0Vkm3cDHbXq7Q-elM8WO9RVfD2Bw1lx63Ue2Z2o_2JqbXN6MXxNNIG5iXDC-J8I7kS4e8FPSPDJ_1qUwV9BEInbff2pzrkwnTRegcCMboPZnRgqi9zY/s1600/Bengkel-84188.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqp_71Ev9uNBVTMzJUrEDdn7oI0Vkm3cDHbXq7Q-elM8WO9RVfD2Bw1lx63Ue2Z2o_2JqbXN6MXxNNIG5iXDC-J8I7kS4e8FPSPDJ_1qUwV9BEInbff2pzrkwnTRegcCMboPZnRgqi9zY/s1600/Bengkel-84188.jpg" height="181" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">sebuah lokomotif uap sedang dibuat di balai yasa SJS - Semarang </span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjT0RSmJgZ0YH1zSZ3JZ6LGzLQsz0N7s7_msWUonhKWk9KULCplifwqNKcMkJjfdeMGAx7HPMDy0jw3ng8xZS2tb8csKKcGom4mF712d1ZecI-5LwDMzepy1Onj64DMa8pwBCQYfGx7IUU/s1600/Bengkel(2)-84188.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjT0RSmJgZ0YH1zSZ3JZ6LGzLQsz0N7s7_msWUonhKWk9KULCplifwqNKcMkJjfdeMGAx7HPMDy0jw3ng8xZS2tb8csKKcGom4mF712d1ZecI-5LwDMzepy1Onj64DMa8pwBCQYfGx7IUU/s1600/Bengkel(2)-84188.jpg" height="181" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">diperjelas bagian-bagiannya</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD-Zgbu-Lvz9REUnu9e7505RKequcFC389DBKtT33AJUnbH4lIOGYeajB9DIvFN5D9TROdAvW2KIT1RBvF0YgL3IamUf2JEfZUb6qvDgRz9PVNN6c48yey27CkxubUUgPaISJKUF5cPqU/s1600/Bengkel(3)-84188.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD-Zgbu-Lvz9REUnu9e7505RKequcFC389DBKtT33AJUnbH4lIOGYeajB9DIvFN5D9TROdAvW2KIT1RBvF0YgL3IamUf2JEfZUb6qvDgRz9PVNN6c48yey27CkxubUUgPaISJKUF5cPqU/s1600/Bengkel(3)-84188.jpg" height="181" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">jika dilihat visual, silinder memakai sistem 'double compound'</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3hksbwpqyVdDxHBemw7xNb42HXJOr7E9WVAO_a5fUiTwvkM4lpvQpfYjokcaFSCM_b5qUUlRsMfJFBL0b48YfrZvtdT9mPfsrUBIRxEnUQhyphenhyphencME11q2D-HDbkmz4Qjmp4f4o7Zopvsto/s1600/1916(84180)locomotievenremise+van+SJShires_bes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3hksbwpqyVdDxHBemw7xNb42HXJOr7E9WVAO_a5fUiTwvkM4lpvQpfYjokcaFSCM_b5qUUlRsMfJFBL0b48YfrZvtdT9mPfsrUBIRxEnUQhyphenhyphencME11q2D-HDbkmz4Qjmp4f4o7Zopvsto/s1600/1916(84180)locomotievenremise+van+SJShires_bes.jpg" height="181" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">bandingkan dengan lokomotif SJS yang ini - di depan depo lokomotif SJS Semarang</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz7W_OtpRF0KbkVAEex78Xv0gsypk7NrpXUo3pDJ3kWgZ6b_ZUUnWMdfTpOXVD1mPtnThedN0RCX7Vkm4Zm_cG-lI4YSpe6ZHVGE1fZ4W6YBkb9YZK5JTeHzj9WhouW0Ag1ctNFT6EzN8/s1600/Bengkel(2)-84189.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz7W_OtpRF0KbkVAEex78Xv0gsypk7NrpXUo3pDJ3kWgZ6b_ZUUnWMdfTpOXVD1mPtnThedN0RCX7Vkm4Zm_cG-lI4YSpe6ZHVGE1fZ4W6YBkb9YZK5JTeHzj9WhouW0Ag1ctNFT6EzN8/s1600/Bengkel(2)-84189.jpg" height="181" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">pembuatan gerbong penumpang dari kayu, di balai yasa SJS Semarang</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfQhR9P_YXAODpvtvZEz7NbxfXnDT4yI2MiAyScKyE_WuIGCfhhKinP-mVAsPhF4GiidZqqixIhn0VwAB2DOn8A275n7shMZ0_ENRXeDoDh8wZXSrryhX9VIdfDMp2RNqwZoLYciN9zQY/s1600/Bengkel-84189.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfQhR9P_YXAODpvtvZEz7NbxfXnDT4yI2MiAyScKyE_WuIGCfhhKinP-mVAsPhF4GiidZqqixIhn0VwAB2DOn8A275n7shMZ0_ENRXeDoDh8wZXSrryhX9VIdfDMp2RNqwZoLYciN9zQY/s1600/Bengkel-84189.jpg" height="181" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">pandangan lebih dekat, pembuatan gerbong penumpang di balai yasa SJS Semarang</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvBkIN2QONbv1pbM4Efv6699VA8ZvZtLB8Pz7ocVjniYrShD1KfdvDtVl8fKePIvBRaJeXPTg-6xjqHacGQkJSsfytTV-adzsq38oGoQRWP2RciLU6is7RlmW007Cw1uazZPYXULTojyY/s1600/Bengkel(3)-84189.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvBkIN2QONbv1pbM4Efv6699VA8ZvZtLB8Pz7ocVjniYrShD1KfdvDtVl8fKePIvBRaJeXPTg-6xjqHacGQkJSsfytTV-adzsq38oGoQRWP2RciLU6is7RlmW007Cw1uazZPYXULTojyY/s1600/Bengkel(3)-84189.jpg" height="181" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">pandangan lebih dekat, pembuatan gerbong penumpang di balai yasa SJS Semarang</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><b>STASIUN (CENTRAAL JURNATAN) </b></span></span></span><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">SJS memulai pembangunan jalur kereta api dari Semarang
dengan tujuan Juana yang melalui kawasan Demak, Kudus, dan Pati pada tahun 1882. Sebagai salah satu maskapai transportasi tram swasta yang terpandang di kala itu, maka SJS pun memiliki beberapa stasiun, dan stasiun utama milik SJS adalah: stasiun Jurnatan. Stasiun Jurnatan dibangun di Joernatanweg (sekarang Jalan Agus Salim), karena
pada masa tu letaknya di tengah kota, Stasiun Jurnatan disebut juga Central
Station.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">foto koleksi 'MMZ rarebooks' - stasiun Jurnatan lama, ketika masih memakai konstruksi kayu</td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Awalnya bangunan Stasiun Jurnatan hanyalah terbuat dari
bangunan kayu sederhana. Namun pada tahun 1913 bangunan tersebut dibongkar dan
digantikan bangunan baru yang besar dan megah. Bangunan baru Stasiun Jurnatan
memiliki konstruksi atap dari baja dan kaca.</span></span></span></div>
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</span></span></span>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Sayangnya, sejak tahun 1974 Jurnatan tidak lagi difungsikan
dan seluruh kereta api jurusan Demak dialihkan ke Stasiun Tawang. Tak berselang
lama seluruh jaringan kereta api eks SJS ditutup karena tidak mampu bersaing
dengan moda transportasi darat lain.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Pada awal tahun 1980-an bangunan megah Stasiun Jurnatan
dibongkar dan saat ini berdiri komplek pertokoan di tanah bekas Stasiun
tersebut.</span></span></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_a7Mz48HRPlQgPk0DNdiMuoFGUuBD2GlG2eFYBARuNnsVkd6JJLLM6WOsyDNIx_ziJnkmzSNb3TKJced00KRYpK0cCV7sZ4MyKB39nd80Z6wheuYAxunSwmtYmwkKJE-IMODq435NVmQ/s1600/38_big.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_a7Mz48HRPlQgPk0DNdiMuoFGUuBD2GlG2eFYBARuNnsVkd6JJLLM6WOsyDNIx_ziJnkmzSNb3TKJced00KRYpK0cCV7sZ4MyKB39nd80Z6wheuYAxunSwmtYmwkKJE-IMODq435NVmQ/s1600/38_big.jpg" height="255" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">situasi stasiun Jurnatan awal, (tahun 1900-an) ketika masih memakai konstruksi kayu, belum dibangun lebih megah</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtEQl60ZjZKzwqNDE2AJFxHJ85M-zwblo0S4aN03Ykv7DQkdQHup_Glr7Y1fdJgQG75pCxCVd5GEv_vTNhtq58Zi0prXUHfp93vIaa7MuoMdrXCpKjX2v38Qz7JZJxr_50euIopOu4o4E/s1600/Rijwiel+Fabriek+Insulinde+Semarang+1910.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtEQl60ZjZKzwqNDE2AJFxHJ85M-zwblo0S4aN03Ykv7DQkdQHup_Glr7Y1fdJgQG75pCxCVd5GEv_vTNhtq58Zi0prXUHfp93vIaa7MuoMdrXCpKjX2v38Qz7JZJxr_50euIopOu4o4E/s1600/Rijwiel+Fabriek+Insulinde+Semarang+1910.jpg" height="168" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">situasi stasiun Jurnatan awal, (foto diambil tahun 1910-an) ketika masih memakai konstruksi kayu, belum dibangun lebih megah (**koleksi KITLV)</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"></span></span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW9giVdczzCpmDj0pivTDMyZXFwcFOz4mV7ZzfDOGy90VbT0FR6BmUTh9i_DT5H_NsKRelW2LMPr_mxAeyEKK-hmGZChm19-lVCC8ZzcfGVEFnFGvQg4BynKUHmJajhJEwwxB9aaa_NTU/s1600/2771-1900.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW9giVdczzCpmDj0pivTDMyZXFwcFOz4mV7ZzfDOGy90VbT0FR6BmUTh9i_DT5H_NsKRelW2LMPr_mxAeyEKK-hmGZChm19-lVCC8ZzcfGVEFnFGvQg4BynKUHmJajhJEwwxB9aaa_NTU/s1600/2771-1900.jpg" height="179" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">stasiun Jurnatan lama (tahun 1900-an) koleksi KITLV</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7ovzpVu_JNiECzHkDeleH4pqP5lxxt3bTfVbQk0RLPm5YWq0f2cHjQegCMs-Jz8NDWGgRhwxbQFVGt9iczzzLXG1ji2H5SDdXDskI8-n323ty29SqFAX7JG79NUH2UQKuRL-8M6mXaqQ/s1600/Jurnatan+Stasiun(2).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7ovzpVu_JNiECzHkDeleH4pqP5lxxt3bTfVbQk0RLPm5YWq0f2cHjQegCMs-Jz8NDWGgRhwxbQFVGt9iczzzLXG1ji2H5SDdXDskI8-n323ty29SqFAX7JG79NUH2UQKuRL-8M6mXaqQ/s1600/Jurnatan+Stasiun(2).JPG" height="151" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">stasiun Jurnatan yang telah direno menjadi lebih megah (1913), dengan konstruksi baja dan bovenlicht kaca-kaca, dirancang oleh arsitek blasteran Belanda-Jawa, Thomas Karsten</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3kUcIlFdNM77djFLGczs0Io1UmKAJ979pG6rMVdsOKijCzYbMtZWVn8otfgUX2q7jg1K72HfIUrt5uzqVTv3zhMvPto52pOam8Zcgnqj3ko8nzvRiv0Cb5v_thJopxrByf-uJUxe2A7o/s1600/30_big.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3kUcIlFdNM77djFLGczs0Io1UmKAJ979pG6rMVdsOKijCzYbMtZWVn8otfgUX2q7jg1K72HfIUrt5uzqVTv3zhMvPto52pOam8Zcgnqj3ko8nzvRiv0Cb5v_thJopxrByf-uJUxe2A7o/s1600/30_big.jpg" height="245" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">suasana di dalam peron stasiun Jurnatan yang baru, renovasi tahun 1913</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZeac2y8iMreiR_fC5FlRzGfU-A_jY-VJZUK2ysPJwr6byEOa1pY8TzDrc0Orqhzf5XAKqZQqDBG4dd-rqCS0txJzTVF3DhjlXJ1Cm8jdLcT_aE3lfGObuYQuFL9EMD1z6WQS4ZxozUq4/s1600/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Luchtfoto_van_Semarang_rechtsboven_N.I.S._station_TMnr_10014760.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZeac2y8iMreiR_fC5FlRzGfU-A_jY-VJZUK2ysPJwr6byEOa1pY8TzDrc0Orqhzf5XAKqZQqDBG4dd-rqCS0txJzTVF3DhjlXJ1Cm8jdLcT_aE3lfGObuYQuFL9EMD1z6WQS4ZxozUq4/s1600/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Luchtfoto_van_Semarang_rechtsboven_N.I.S._station_TMnr_10014760.jpg" height="192" width="320" /></a></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_wukfbP5Yqt9k2Ea1w_sOxcbzbzU2zyhACeep5Bt_ZI63JSmtXS5tRyp4zNxThlPe7DtKAdpoZkR4E8RpFJ5CSHzsF6p6skcdqgdf1GkYBf2Szki8fiQ2bNXOUuMdfPNY9G8bkAw-PX0/s1600/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Luchtfoto_van_Semarang_rechtsboven_N.I.S._station_TMnr_10014760_marked_JUrnatan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_wukfbP5Yqt9k2Ea1w_sOxcbzbzU2zyhACeep5Bt_ZI63JSmtXS5tRyp4zNxThlPe7DtKAdpoZkR4E8RpFJ5CSHzsF6p6skcdqgdf1GkYBf2Szki8fiQ2bNXOUuMdfPNY9G8bkAw-PX0/s1600/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Luchtfoto_van_Semarang_rechtsboven_N.I.S._station_TMnr_10014760_marked_JUrnatan.jpg" height="192" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">foto udara kota Semarang, dengan stasiun Jurnatan bertanda lingkaran merah</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMHxx_TFym4UCixXlIEItomaU5ekUwrmFSsqTkZ_CGwS3eRY6yQL0kz8LQEFuQJbqSAweQomH96mGtkFajw1mJV0mXoXIAuKsY6ebe3nVGdLsX_-uh7QDwLgqBDGY37xPqGUrsWfJb8v4/s1600/Station+Djoernatan+LUCHTFOTO.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMHxx_TFym4UCixXlIEItomaU5ekUwrmFSsqTkZ_CGwS3eRY6yQL0kz8LQEFuQJbqSAweQomH96mGtkFajw1mJV0mXoXIAuKsY6ebe3nVGdLsX_-uh7QDwLgqBDGY37xPqGUrsWfJb8v4/s1600/Station+Djoernatan+LUCHTFOTO.jpg" height="264" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">foto udara lingkungan stasiun Jurnatan, lebih dekat</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">saat ini </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">hanya melalui foto-foto tersebut yang bisa menghubungkan generasi sekarang, dan generasi masa mendatang, dengan masa-masa kejayaan transportasi berbasis rel, khususnya tram di kota Semarang, dengan stasiun Jurnatan, yang sejak tahun 1980 telah diratakan dengan tanah, berubah rupa menjadi kompleks pertokoan Jurnatan, juga stasiun-stasiun lain yang telah musnah terlindas jaman</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"></span></span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEKRp4O1wyYxvbzKwXPDQYA-FmCoPrsIOo8n95sudejZs_s23B2Fk5B_itMtMFKoQeIge3upw92QW64-gfU7VsKvDpMek15wH52p3gBYJ928jsdcpHlG6d7kQgNzaItKOMOhyphenhyphenXRkqynOk/s1600/Jurnatan+Stasiun+Peta.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEKRp4O1wyYxvbzKwXPDQYA-FmCoPrsIOo8n95sudejZs_s23B2Fk5B_itMtMFKoQeIge3upw92QW64-gfU7VsKvDpMek15wH52p3gBYJ928jsdcpHlG6d7kQgNzaItKOMOhyphenhyphenXRkqynOk/s1600/Jurnatan+Stasiun+Peta.png" height="111" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">jika anda ingin membandingkan lokasi stasiun Jurnatan, dengan kondisi saat ini</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Stasiun (centraal) Jurnatan, memang merupakan bagian dari kota tua Semarang (oudstadt Samarang), di belakang 'gedung papak' yang dahulu merupakan groote huis, menyeberang Kalibaru ke arah timur (dahulu pernah ada jalur tram menyeberang Kalibaru dan menyusuri sepanjang Kalibaru dengan Westerwalstraat di oudstadt Samarang [kota tua]) </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">di samping stasiun Jurnatan, SJS memiliki beberapa depo lokomotif, dan ada pula stasiun pemberhentian akhir di Jomblang</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1A0AKadKL1h1m8XJUzzKgGE4VgVvUFZWWSnAvat8TvRyiDlb44nfUaYUlnTaTPPRXqNAolLKbQy98orhc4cOJ9wR_fx6faALliifouA5sgyGKCGQzcXtCILh3KBmyyx3fXpkjGMYPsec/s1600/1916(hires2)84177.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1A0AKadKL1h1m8XJUzzKgGE4VgVvUFZWWSnAvat8TvRyiDlb44nfUaYUlnTaTPPRXqNAolLKbQy98orhc4cOJ9wR_fx6faALliifouA5sgyGKCGQzcXtCILh3KBmyyx3fXpkjGMYPsec/s1600/1916(hires2)84177.jpg" height="181" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">depo lokomotif milik SJS - dan foto bersama kelompok pekerja kereta api SJS</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH0ckDO2BRH86YPdGKMThw2tCm87Cx4ts8OjcCC2aiXgCzvbEo2l-mxxQCtzGnIkl_qhSgXApOt3AdZNXlRwgM8vWaNz2suQ7opYsZyAZkYwRuxe4S0CQLFnUYZZZqcjPlbM_FXnsLSM4/s1600/1916(hires3a)84172.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH0ckDO2BRH86YPdGKMThw2tCm87Cx4ts8OjcCC2aiXgCzvbEo2l-mxxQCtzGnIkl_qhSgXApOt3AdZNXlRwgM8vWaNz2suQ7opYsZyAZkYwRuxe4S0CQLFnUYZZZqcjPlbM_FXnsLSM4/s1600/1916(hires3a)84172.jpg" height="187" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">depo lokomotif (locomotievenremise) milik SJS di Semarang</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjat5kIOVu6kX9JSkCC7QeogoheEU8fZfWo4csNEZpbcPtAidvt8dxrmmQTa7RYMOC5GsOQ2ZlCGIC9oCVyN8NG_vhH0rSvmMWflahWEVE6J0GgNHBjxLReLwKydcrV70LDJ0DxSDPAdk/s1600/Depo+SJS+1916-hires-84170(c).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjat5kIOVu6kX9JSkCC7QeogoheEU8fZfWo4csNEZpbcPtAidvt8dxrmmQTa7RYMOC5GsOQ2ZlCGIC9oCVyN8NG_vhH0rSvmMWflahWEVE6J0GgNHBjxLReLwKydcrV70LDJ0DxSDPAdk/s1600/Depo+SJS+1916-hires-84170(c).jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">depo lokomotif SJS - Semarang tahun 1916 - koleksi KITLV image code 84170</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"></span></span></span>di samping depo lokomotif, SJS memiliki sebuah kantor administrasi yang terletak di ujung jalan Pengapon dengan Jl Ranggawarsito di Semarang, menurut sebuah peta lama, lokasi ini dahulu dilalui juga oleh jalur tram milik SJS dari stasiun centraal Jurnatan<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyUXixG3xB_i2CA4vn9aSDUoeerbdvYeoJ5OOF1cea_1at3NoCkPDOGuE94FHzdk_LMOu7_EMSqsCOlYrLZ3QKB4iF9f4xYrYe2c58i1kGzWqfOdMkKnnKOr6Cl0W4Il31LDk2T3FKc-A/s1600/Semarang+1917-MarkedSJS.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyUXixG3xB_i2CA4vn9aSDUoeerbdvYeoJ5OOF1cea_1at3NoCkPDOGuE94FHzdk_LMOu7_EMSqsCOlYrLZ3QKB4iF9f4xYrYe2c58i1kGzWqfOdMkKnnKOr6Cl0W4Il31LDk2T3FKc-A/s1600/Semarang+1917-MarkedSJS.jpg" height="159" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">peta lama kota Semarang tahun 1917 - dengan lokasi kantor SJS bertanda biru</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg18BT2IpzZCcB3uNLuOT1QOeSXUCCc3kRdwcgbKopyoln7avEEyVq9sEKLQlzJOD4pcAefC9Msyq9-dsx9AeFmYZDjYvIEmOzvAFA_3ElQrOmnZUfehbx8wJjakt8LZDUtc6lZ-E4AHEw/s1600/Biro+SJS_hires+6085.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg18BT2IpzZCcB3uNLuOT1QOeSXUCCc3kRdwcgbKopyoln7avEEyVq9sEKLQlzJOD4pcAefC9Msyq9-dsx9AeFmYZDjYvIEmOzvAFA_3ElQrOmnZUfehbx8wJjakt8LZDUtc6lZ-E4AHEw/s1600/Biro+SJS_hires+6085.jpg" height="174" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">kantor SJS di Pengapon pada masa itu (sekitar 1920-an)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiocuCoIWbVMaVkaKICxkzenwnNd2ztuzjgKaBUQyIRdV3QkPmPyRXTdXON_9_x5dyrf4eiZpPeQo3TVuQc1YptZxMEzwUfkQMPVWXKD6z0Rlx4q1kaI-uADOD_dzAiajNapVjqlXyyNAg/s1600/Kantoor+van+de+Samarang+Joana+Stoomtram-Maatschappij+te+Semarang(KITLV-1927).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiocuCoIWbVMaVkaKICxkzenwnNd2ztuzjgKaBUQyIRdV3QkPmPyRXTdXON_9_x5dyrf4eiZpPeQo3TVuQc1YptZxMEzwUfkQMPVWXKD6z0Rlx4q1kaI-uADOD_dzAiajNapVjqlXyyNAg/s1600/Kantoor+van+de+Samarang+Joana+Stoomtram-Maatschappij+te+Semarang(KITLV-1927).jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">foto lain, suasana kantor SJS di Pengapon (Kantoor van de Samarang Joana Stoomtram Maatschappij te Semarang) koleksi KITLV</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXrIUF89nFl623NsMWl_VIt9yx9Cj0B_owNCeM2R8CcOeLpFatFAzBpnzfQA24kfrL3lMgYENA3iyaFI9vbdYyPtfAlVVz1jSZVPMR3IcXDMunVX6bwXXZ9lEGXRrx4Gc4pAGCBNJ5XV4/s1600/Bereau+en+Personeel+der+hoofdadministratie+te+Semarang.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXrIUF89nFl623NsMWl_VIt9yx9Cj0B_owNCeM2R8CcOeLpFatFAzBpnzfQA24kfrL3lMgYENA3iyaFI9vbdYyPtfAlVVz1jSZVPMR3IcXDMunVX6bwXXZ9lEGXRrx4Gc4pAGCBNJ5XV4/s1600/Bereau+en+Personeel+der+hoofdadministratie+te+Semarang.jpg" height="255" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">foto koleksi MMZ rarebooks dengan judul 'bureau en personeel der hoofdadministratie te Semarang</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIHW93Cjnh7dbaV0KjPSuLGRCBSEXJ4k1zdChx1j1QIZWqxzsE_5Qw5IHBj9lqVJkzClu-LavV32fAOools7V4rA32CmpnC1CBTAQvCwUx3w4r28YrC2qtAbIRugK7VYIJyzwL8vRKSug/s1600/2013-11-24+13.43.38.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIHW93Cjnh7dbaV0KjPSuLGRCBSEXJ4k1zdChx1j1QIZWqxzsE_5Qw5IHBj9lqVJkzClu-LavV32fAOools7V4rA32CmpnC1CBTAQvCwUx3w4r28YrC2qtAbIRugK7VYIJyzwL8vRKSug/s1600/2013-11-24+13.43.38.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">kondisi sekarang, foto koleksi pribadi diambil pada 24 November 2013</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd23Adf71FTszr9L0hMTYM-AxTuS3aEjum32D2X6bEVBhdhINmTRJibmGF-BzAEagwDKnIM6d4cCN2G_suOxftyHD09lzvgEPoiONmiNqcYgAHNL90el-WdCTqGV-ukGACkeuivfInXSw/s1600/2013-11-24+13.42.29.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd23Adf71FTszr9L0hMTYM-AxTuS3aEjum32D2X6bEVBhdhINmTRJibmGF-BzAEagwDKnIM6d4cCN2G_suOxftyHD09lzvgEPoiONmiNqcYgAHNL90el-WdCTqGV-ukGACkeuivfInXSw/s1600/2013-11-24+13.42.29.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT22efbzrO3uPg48BCR1_TOIMlaCiG9vcVU0nyMwAGfCCwnPooOyGnetQ0x8lTCeMbSz3HlZIfkf0bwgmdN67z5L9So7PWcFST2axUPbgDocQqU3EQlNmSQsNsrAJpXoB1tMt-79Oz6U4/s1600/2013-11-24+13.36.28.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT22efbzrO3uPg48BCR1_TOIMlaCiG9vcVU0nyMwAGfCCwnPooOyGnetQ0x8lTCeMbSz3HlZIfkf0bwgmdN67z5L9So7PWcFST2axUPbgDocQqU3EQlNmSQsNsrAJpXoB1tMt-79Oz6U4/s1600/2013-11-24+13.36.28.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfj42mmxIVDzEaaSd6lxPLzGSJcIADXZD3ikuYrrsDBchwKifq2s7cGanNSzsC__yMK0itR1u2lEBZVXzInbx01Y-fo4tz2ZpG7HJFiU57U6r8kh7jzznMGWq1011b4raFQmEshzCAShQ/s1600/2013-11-24+13.39.42.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfj42mmxIVDzEaaSd6lxPLzGSJcIADXZD3ikuYrrsDBchwKifq2s7cGanNSzsC__yMK0itR1u2lEBZVXzInbx01Y-fo4tz2ZpG7HJFiU57U6r8kh7jzznMGWq1011b4raFQmEshzCAShQ/s1600/2013-11-24+13.39.42.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzUw-1J3PXeMeqhFBIJamLurBpRPJFKX5Mcd2WY4_T2Fj-0X_6JprJgfhf8xPgR_Qj9roEIojGRc3BeyZrQRMFqjveiRDIJ8tua0cXhGFZkg3rgFSFj-6UcroUhyRv1jmEVyMtAVV0voc/s1600/2013-11-24+13.39.20.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzUw-1J3PXeMeqhFBIJamLurBpRPJFKX5Mcd2WY4_T2Fj-0X_6JprJgfhf8xPgR_Qj9roEIojGRc3BeyZrQRMFqjveiRDIJ8tua0cXhGFZkg3rgFSFj-6UcroUhyRv1jmEVyMtAVV0voc/s1600/2013-11-24+13.39.20.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">foto-foto berwarna di atas merupakan dokumentasi pribadi</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">barangkali, ini adalah satu-satunya 'peninggalan' kejayaan Samarang Joana Stoomtram Maatschappij (SJS) yang masih bisa 'dilihat' sampai saat sekarang, meskipun kondisinya telah menjadi sangat berbeda</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVJmcPVfSiW2oL6j-tYMGcvruER3tbLGgesacOZvy_l1ik3pkd-BMhKKu3PdVF449bitjIOJxfqnc0kduwerDTktzvOdXYCFg9RwiaHjh7eoo1oPCCVM0aHmBsRaQKnd7_uatThWNZFAo/s1600/2013-11-24+13.34.05.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVJmcPVfSiW2oL6j-tYMGcvruER3tbLGgesacOZvy_l1ik3pkd-BMhKKu3PdVF449bitjIOJxfqnc0kduwerDTktzvOdXYCFg9RwiaHjh7eoo1oPCCVM0aHmBsRaQKnd7_uatThWNZFAo/s1600/2013-11-24+13.34.05.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">reruntuhan sebidang gevel (gable) di Pengapon, yang sangat mirip dengan gable depo lokomotif (locomotievenremise) milik SJS</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVZkEpuqPWXn1_X4aOdy_xCyDt8MV9gYvJMHmgzVjc9QFWetAphzu0lm4EiCaj2tQImeGhRqnZNst6rAysiHwPclHfR5BarWZCS2AG-CxR9LIBjtKJfwg_4s9St3n2uKYt5SRqrGp5gao/s1600/Tjan-Djomblang-404205-1900(cr).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVZkEpuqPWXn1_X4aOdy_xCyDt8MV9gYvJMHmgzVjc9QFWetAphzu0lm4EiCaj2tQImeGhRqnZNst6rAysiHwPclHfR5BarWZCS2AG-CxR9LIBjtKJfwg_4s9St3n2uKYt5SRqrGp5gao/s1600/Tjan-Djomblang-404205-1900(cr).jpg" height="168" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">stasiun milik SJS di Jomblang - koleksi KITLV dengan image code 404205 diambil pada kisaran tahun 1900</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo1FH5TjDoEE37gD3YgdNHFC3bqE700Ftp01cZrGu03c_npF1eOmrCxdwoFAp6hsgE3Rgqwu0PgYX2_TJinMc68uZCH4kPm2U7lzwjwMstkf-aEnkWrWB01no2kSMSHLlvWpcPkpA_sGU/s1600/Yuwana.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo1FH5TjDoEE37gD3YgdNHFC3bqE700Ftp01cZrGu03c_npF1eOmrCxdwoFAp6hsgE3Rgqwu0PgYX2_TJinMc68uZCH4kPm2U7lzwjwMstkf-aEnkWrWB01no2kSMSHLlvWpcPkpA_sGU/s1600/Yuwana.jpg" height="234" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">stasiun Joana (Samarang Joana Stoomtram Maatschappij - SJS)</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBNQ4dailj1daNyd0offWjW7re0t7g63Elmc2oPHS4U0KNr_DPhQdo3viw6AjHEAgHr39MDUBUDhAzt2A3i0lqgnoTy9AQXbf3WfpNwJidOTCZAZAZAshmf4YFM2jQFqOsXGASrEY78-Y/s1600/Joanna.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBNQ4dailj1daNyd0offWjW7re0t7g63Elmc2oPHS4U0KNr_DPhQdo3viw6AjHEAgHr39MDUBUDhAzt2A3i0lqgnoTy9AQXbf3WfpNwJidOTCZAZAZAshmf4YFM2jQFqOsXGASrEY78-Y/s1600/Joanna.jpg" height="239" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">stasiun Yuwana (Joana) kondisi sekarang</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJHtJM4oKo33RvGFHQwxjiKJ5noxZENpLGpFO7MPBJpfdfaiIuGAS9FCQIcD0jFe4Blx09QroULLoheWysltHibJmusVUfCSibDyEkNTzAPzB0dfF1IGwjlKt-c4hbkzwb8OU7dZgNEXQ/s1600/Rembang.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJHtJM4oKo33RvGFHQwxjiKJ5noxZENpLGpFO7MPBJpfdfaiIuGAS9FCQIcD0jFe4Blx09QroULLoheWysltHibJmusVUfCSibDyEkNTzAPzB0dfF1IGwjlKt-c4hbkzwb8OU7dZgNEXQ/s1600/Rembang.jpg" height="210" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">stasiun Rembang (SJS)</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span>Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-80944420559708359092014-08-04T01:30:00.000-07:002014-08-04T01:39:05.376-07:00MODEL SKALA 1/87 BER-GAUGE SEMPIT<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>MODEL skala 1/87 ber-gauge sempit</b></span></span><br />
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dalam istilah di dunia perkeretaapian, gauge sempit sering disebut sebagai NARROW GAUGE.<br />
<span style="color: #134f5c;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">M</span></b></span>elanjutkan pembahasan di <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/08/gauge-di-indonesia.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/08/gauge-di-indonesia.html</a> - tentang gauge kereta api Indonesia, berikut saya ingin mengupas tentang gauge sempit dalam dunia kereta model - khususnya pada skala 1/87 _(MODEL skala 1/87 ber-gauge sempit/ narrow)<br />
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Karena banyaknya varian gauge rel kereta api di dunia, maka di dunia kereta model pun, mengenal derivasi dari gauge standard.<br />
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Beberapa derivasi gauge standard yang lazim digunakan oleh para pe-hobby (model railroader) antara lain adalah:<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">gauge skala Z untuk skala N</span> (<span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><i>skala Z ber gauge 6,5mm. - sementara skala N ber gauge 9mm. mewakili 4'8½" pada skala 1/160</i></b></span>)<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">gauge skala N untuk skala TT</span> (<span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><i>skala N ber gauge 9mm. - sementara skala TT ber gauge 12mm. mewakili 4'8½" pada skala 1/120</i></b></span>)<br />
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dan yang memiliki paling banyak derivasi adalah skala HO (1/87) - di antaranya:<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6DBI8JJiMKg3MCDO5krppx9c4n-gFJ69ujb3GqiZMFe1ruKDKtLSyRlolYAuievtbqZdjNXjy47MMQfue3Yg-BqbadvTw2zdiTx-_AHMrXawiDSTB2HasCwOLhgKRrkowGtn3TxN2VlA/s1600/Wikipedia_HOn3_5(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6DBI8JJiMKg3MCDO5krppx9c4n-gFJ69ujb3GqiZMFe1ruKDKtLSyRlolYAuievtbqZdjNXjy47MMQfue3Yg-BqbadvTw2zdiTx-_AHMrXawiDSTB2HasCwOLhgKRrkowGtn3TxN2VlA/s1600/Wikipedia_HOn3_5(2).jpg" height="32" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wikipedia tentang HOn3.5</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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HOn3 mewakili gauge (sempit) 3ft (914mm.) menggunakan track dengan gauge 10.5mm.<br />
HOe mewakili gauge (sempit) 2'5<i><b>½</b></i>" (750mm.) menggunakan track dengan gauge 9mm. di mana sebagian orang menyebut pula sebagai skala HOn30<br />
HOn3½ mewakili gauge (sempit) 3'6" (1067mm.) menggunakan track dengan gauge 12mm. di mana sebagian orang menyebut pula sebagai skala HOm<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqB4mGphbaw1BYZZUjPizZGQDoe77ihqmvBvUKxDcDor-ZOhsIaxdnUbe6LGhM9iZzRAZ42aC1RAXbsg6ggfuZX0kMRlkmZIt9kbG4oGvF1P85zvekg9ndXyIesH7yQpW71_S07zHPhLM/s1600/Wikipedia_HOn3_5-m.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqB4mGphbaw1BYZZUjPizZGQDoe77ihqmvBvUKxDcDor-ZOhsIaxdnUbe6LGhM9iZzRAZ42aC1RAXbsg6ggfuZX0kMRlkmZIt9kbG4oGvF1P85zvekg9ndXyIesH7yQpW71_S07zHPhLM/s1600/Wikipedia_HOn3_5-m.jpg" height="76" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wikipedia tentang HOn3.5</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="color: #cc0000;"></span> <br />
<br />
<br />
jika anda membaca kembali <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/08/gauge-di-indonesia.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/08/gauge-di-indonesia.html</a> - maka dapat anda jumpai bahwa gauge kereta api di Indonesia, menggunakan gauge (sempit/ narrow) 3'6"<br />
(1067mm.)<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiigcYr2UQbrX4L-X7TBsWL7_wO3AJsS7bi1sir3VX41e0YSdmSxdwNEO-gLQiXkqNx9Sf91rTxrxopfYV8JsEpjSYwqM9JgwzuAZk4iLbesNuwmf5RpoUH5CtEmuQ5TADxqftHpaPwbI0/s1600/2011-12-27+16.57.16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiigcYr2UQbrX4L-X7TBsWL7_wO3AJsS7bi1sir3VX41e0YSdmSxdwNEO-gLQiXkqNx9Sf91rTxrxopfYV8JsEpjSYwqM9JgwzuAZk4iLbesNuwmf5RpoUH5CtEmuQ5TADxqftHpaPwbI0/s1600/2011-12-27+16.57.16.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">gauge 3'6" kereta api di Indonesia</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
perbandingan gauge HOn3½ dengan gauge HO (standard) pada model ber-skala 1/87<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrBdCVcGior0XUTMmxbEBQt_cB3QupEjZLq96saKgjadGt3aWlwMcUJ-OeIzjpuvri4Q_wauPMa9fxvQN4Vxr7M1IScOghChNv3HWavqfL4FF-fZmnHAvg2yKQe5JJaDGE5Z7FFaXbzIw/s1600/herman_rula_co_za_0510_01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrBdCVcGior0XUTMmxbEBQt_cB3QupEjZLq96saKgjadGt3aWlwMcUJ-OeIzjpuvri4Q_wauPMa9fxvQN4Vxr7M1IScOghChNv3HWavqfL4FF-fZmnHAvg2yKQe5JJaDGE5Z7FFaXbzIw/s1600/herman_rula_co_za_0510_01.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy2JGZAFZolG6hsREckrVJDa4Bbc7JVuoe2H5RdFvoSB2MwbHBBtW1wQ5NLzEpoZQcushOanknhyiSVSaxXZt38SVnVbQt9Q6O33M_AZX-5EqLq-RGslYM7h0HKmosajrLE4byIOEeIPY/s1600/herman_rula_co_za_0510_01_m.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy2JGZAFZolG6hsREckrVJDa4Bbc7JVuoe2H5RdFvoSB2MwbHBBtW1wQ5NLzEpoZQcushOanknhyiSVSaxXZt38SVnVbQt9Q6O33M_AZX-5EqLq-RGslYM7h0HKmosajrLE4byIOEeIPY/s1600/herman_rula_co_za_0510_01_m.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
aplikasi skala HOe (HOn30) pada kereta lori tebu di Indonesia, ber-skala 1/87<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOcaR_4ZAZi4lh-3zYafVTPl8dLB_LyhVedL9PFti1ayBvSdsIf49zCmLgek2ZksFoxjc6I7WsiaRRyhHjvpew8UKn9RxN3qFwqhmeBydpDgIxlRW31jhuSjvc87ZJGw5o1DbPTsy6y7c/s1600/LORI+TEBU_perbandingan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOcaR_4ZAZi4lh-3zYafVTPl8dLB_LyhVedL9PFti1ayBvSdsIf49zCmLgek2ZksFoxjc6I7WsiaRRyhHjvpew8UKn9RxN3qFwqhmeBydpDgIxlRW31jhuSjvc87ZJGw5o1DbPTsy6y7c/s1600/LORI+TEBU_perbandingan.jpg" height="159" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjvl3nSVWkpikQxCgBZfDbdea9TIlmlS-nPgWy1-JNmLor3427LAyPcBjC3KDUAJQYFt9E48raHT4CLNX3TRVdslMF3PsvEjQvtoCalZklBwN60EXxonhwN-WxIG4oHLEb6vbFAtZGBt0/s1600/LORI+TEBU_txt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjvl3nSVWkpikQxCgBZfDbdea9TIlmlS-nPgWy1-JNmLor3427LAyPcBjC3KDUAJQYFt9E48raHT4CLNX3TRVdslMF3PsvEjQvtoCalZklBwN60EXxonhwN-WxIG4oHLEb6vbFAtZGBt0/s1600/LORI+TEBU_txt.jpg" height="166" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br />
skala derivasi HOn3½ banyak sekali digunakan oleh para modeller Australia/ New Zealand, dan sebuah situs http://www.trainteknix.com menyebut secara jelas, bahwa skala HOn3½ mewakili gauge 3'6" (1067mm) pada skala 1:1<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf3MPVr83N9UdkFJgs4QROIXFh2touAH9wqhk2A7p9GpKVwoxd6xaRmKaMavIteJUPXZtaFWSoG0hGiQooHX0JAcTa-cKWtIyqdsbz2za5R7bmCwlBEA9N1oi0OUBtsLFPm6ruvDoSEfI/s1600/trainteknix-m.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf3MPVr83N9UdkFJgs4QROIXFh2touAH9wqhk2A7p9GpKVwoxd6xaRmKaMavIteJUPXZtaFWSoG0hGiQooHX0JAcTa-cKWtIyqdsbz2za5R7bmCwlBEA9N1oi0OUBtsLFPm6ruvDoSEfI/s1600/trainteknix-m.jpg" height="92" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">trainteknix.com</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
kemudian Wikipedia, menyebut bahwa skala 3'6" dipakai di negara Indonesia<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqB4mGphbaw1BYZZUjPizZGQDoe77ihqmvBvUKxDcDor-ZOhsIaxdnUbe6LGhM9iZzRAZ42aC1RAXbsg6ggfuZX0kMRlkmZIt9kbG4oGvF1P85zvekg9ndXyIesH7yQpW71_S07zHPhLM/s1600/Wikipedia_HOn3_5-m.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqB4mGphbaw1BYZZUjPizZGQDoe77ihqmvBvUKxDcDor-ZOhsIaxdnUbe6LGhM9iZzRAZ42aC1RAXbsg6ggfuZX0kMRlkmZIt9kbG4oGvF1P85zvekg9ndXyIesH7yQpW71_S07zHPhLM/s1600/Wikipedia_HOn3_5-m.jpg" height="76" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
dengan demikian, untuk membuat model kereta api Indonesia yang benar pada skala 1/87 adalah menggunakan skala HOn3½ atau skala HOm<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtMTwyW-nN_khfJHaRUyk4SblkP8DSg10TedFBeHEMsQoxaVi0JSNPZaZFHamAK2PjbDxj4ag9U2i4WTVjgFclYA8Wdu66z7y2Nd_y3BSZk5rGe-CrnlMA9FzIQhq4EjIuYHIAhcIfoA8/s1600/QRG017-wp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtMTwyW-nN_khfJHaRUyk4SblkP8DSg10TedFBeHEMsQoxaVi0JSNPZaZFHamAK2PjbDxj4ag9U2i4WTVjgFclYA8Wdu66z7y2Nd_y3BSZk5rGe-CrnlMA9FzIQhq4EjIuYHIAhcIfoA8/s1600/QRG017-wp.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">contoh gerbong TTW dengan gauge HOn3½</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
sementara untuk protopipe miniatur kereta lori tebu, bisa memakai skala HOe (HOn30) seperti contoh di atas<br />
<br />
untuk penyegaran, dapat anda baca kembali <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/skala-gauge.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/skala-gauge.html</a> <br />
<br />
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Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-40941327856705476382014-08-01T12:00:00.000-07:002014-08-01T12:00:22.318-07:00GAUGE DI INDONESIA<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">GAUGE DI INDONESIA</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Jaringan kereta api pertama di Indonesia yang dibangun pada
Juni 1864, di masa Gubernur Jenderal LAJW Baron Sloet van Beele<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>itu, dibangun oleh the Nederlandsch-Indische
Spoorweg Maatschappij – NISM – (Maskapai Kereta Api [swasta] <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hindia Belanda) menggunakan gauge standard
internasional (1435mm.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jalur yang menghubungkan
Samarang-Tangoeng (Semarang-Tanggung) itu secara resmi dibuka pada 10 Agustus
1867</div>
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</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNIaGMgMN57uYfIE5nzNQhxw1d7c10FqPxsL_23hc3ZbzAhRANydG8qw9iAA2qlhZM6gy2U-zJpDgcAoqFSLFRK5WEA7jduD4o6VxthZ0QOrPqVo3vE9GMSrUdQ1MuXwx7vJCGT895kt8/s1600/1905+NIS.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNIaGMgMN57uYfIE5nzNQhxw1d7c10FqPxsL_23hc3ZbzAhRANydG8qw9iAA2qlhZM6gy2U-zJpDgcAoqFSLFRK5WEA7jduD4o6VxthZ0QOrPqVo3vE9GMSrUdQ1MuXwx7vJCGT895kt8/s1600/1905+NIS.jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">STASIUN TERMINUS SAMARANG - STASIUN PERTAMA dan ber- GAUGE STANDAR 1435mm.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT6OsjeIWSRWPDpMNMBu3uX70seq5YmUQ_-1z_yuyKCeT27O6zoHZKFg3QgaijsE2RqS4UL1nNNI0o7YltS5bs1BvK1EQ6JpqBcjd7quCjdjKI0_vct4epLko26Wb4nAXZSt0uNxVESzo/s1600/Tangoeng_txt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT6OsjeIWSRWPDpMNMBu3uX70seq5YmUQ_-1z_yuyKCeT27O6zoHZKFg3QgaijsE2RqS4UL1nNNI0o7YltS5bs1BvK1EQ6JpqBcjd7quCjdjKI0_vct4epLko26Wb4nAXZSt0uNxVESzo/s1600/Tangoeng_txt.jpg" height="168" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">STASIUN TANGOENG (TANGGUNG - GROBOGAN) - PADA SAAT PERESMIAN</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Jalur yang kemudian terbukti tidak menguntungkan ini
kemudian dilanjutkan dengan bantuan dana dari pemerintah (Hindia Belanda). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ketika itu masih tersisa jarak 166 km menuju
Yogyakarta sampai ke Surakarta/ Solo (SLO). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anggaran
pembangunan jalur kereta api ini terkuras karena NISM menggunakan trek standar
gauge (jarak antara dua batang rel yang sejajar/lebar sepur) yaitu 1435 mm. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ini adalah trek yang biasa dibikin di Eropa
karena kereta api di sana berukuran besar.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQMzbyKj8NeYdcZ9lGaAs1zR5Ed37oHpq-I-AVDWpMJiqrNgEsjiNkU9Zi2yp4B2EnD1ysGF8urxugDFdBHM_9ngMrnj7W78WwT49sQqi7-5ps_pRqtkWNqJtsucO89DII6lTMVYYzjc0/s1600/Narrow+berubah+semarang+nl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQMzbyKj8NeYdcZ9lGaAs1zR5Ed37oHpq-I-AVDWpMJiqrNgEsjiNkU9Zi2yp4B2EnD1ysGF8urxugDFdBHM_9ngMrnj7W78WwT49sQqi7-5ps_pRqtkWNqJtsucO89DII6lTMVYYzjc0/s1600/Narrow+berubah+semarang+nl.jpg" height="26" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT0U0ZMiYD6OlRE4HI4Ra_ETbAnSl3h0vvAWpCQNqu8_4zfHbmsU92PYJEs6zKGrKooaC8EFHa0DY8NZCka8V5zIKciqqyYKoNetltXMWhBaRwKNzaEr0u0Xt_X1Le_q2geWpVqgexr1s/s1600/Gauge-Train.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT0U0ZMiYD6OlRE4HI4Ra_ETbAnSl3h0vvAWpCQNqu8_4zfHbmsU92PYJEs6zKGrKooaC8EFHa0DY8NZCka8V5zIKciqqyYKoNetltXMWhBaRwKNzaEr0u0Xt_X1Le_q2geWpVqgexr1s/s1600/Gauge-Train.jpg" height="194" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">GAUGE- jarak bersih sisi dalam rel kereta api</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3dPLPprPLv_op63OsmKoaEJgUAs6bmnRiDOmKdDyv4H4UohpySS-KmLtniwbsK0b16u0kSWIxd0pGoBcmIT6dgtIHWUVtXMhsflEmZvx5kPGDPPCBeN5pWtG7HeD7Tezc2G5wL6obDO4/s1600/19369-1900.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3dPLPprPLv_op63OsmKoaEJgUAs6bmnRiDOmKdDyv4H4UohpySS-KmLtniwbsK0b16u0kSWIxd0pGoBcmIT6dgtIHWUVtXMhsflEmZvx5kPGDPPCBeN5pWtG7HeD7Tezc2G5wL6obDO4/s1600/19369-1900.jpg" height="182" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">HALTE TJIGOMBONG - pada relasi BUITENZORG - BATAVIA dibangun N.I.S dengan gauge 1067mm.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Kemudian trek gauge pun dievaluasi dan pada 1869 JA Kool and
NH Henket menemukan bahwa gauge yang lebih sempit, yaitu<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1067mm. lebih pas buat Hindia Belanda dan
memang lebar sepur di Nusantara ini ditetapkan 1067 mm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pembangunan jalur kereta api selanjutnya
menggunakan gauge 1067 mm. Termasuk ketika NISM merambah jalur Batavia – Buitenzorg
pada 1869 yang kemudian diresmikan pada 31 Januari 1873. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Demikian data yang dikumpulkan Indra
Krishnamurti dari berbagai buku seperti Jan de Bruin dalam Het Indische Spoor
In Oorlogstijd: De Spoor- en Tramwegmaatschappijen in Nederlands-Indië In De
Vuurlinie, 1873-1949 dan AE Durrant dalam Lokomotip Uap.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
dual gauge di YK-SLO berawal dari stasiun Tugu Yogyakarta. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dahulu peron utara adalah peronnya SS (gauge
1067mm) sedangkan peron selatan NIS (gauge 1435mm).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Karena mempunyai 2 gauge yang berbeda maka
mulai dari stasiun Tugu (YK) sampai Solobalapan (SLO) - <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jadi ada 2 jalur, sehingga butuh 2 jembatan. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jalur
SS membelok ke utara terus sampai melewati utara balai yasa (sekarang) Pengok<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang sekarang sudah berwujud test track balai
yasa.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVMnWEuYaEqJep1lwrQgKybyAp6KmARg67SsrgSR2XgdDUML-ZO83O5C95hvaOmfvTTh_NUroXlqPXeIFeWcYgSrbDPus-fCz5BvUSDgil-5wO2QcXZ_-5EUuH91uNN7RPjFK8HD7-_0A/s1600/yogYAKARTA-noted.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVMnWEuYaEqJep1lwrQgKybyAp6KmARg67SsrgSR2XgdDUML-ZO83O5C95hvaOmfvTTh_NUroXlqPXeIFeWcYgSrbDPus-fCz5BvUSDgil-5wO2QcXZ_-5EUuH91uNN7RPjFK8HD7-_0A/s1600/yogYAKARTA-noted.jpg" height="264" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FOTO UDARA STASIUN TUGU YOGYAKARTA</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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Setelah melewati balai yasa, jalur SS berbelok ke selatan
sedangkan jalur NIS tetap lurus mulai dari stasiun Tugu. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jadi setelah balai yasa, jalur SS berada di
sebelah utara dan jalur NIS berada di selatan. Kalau menghadap ke arah Solo, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jalur SS di sebelah kiri dan NIS di sebelah
kanan. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dan ketika mendekati Maguwoharjo, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jalur SS berbelok lalu naik dan menyeberangi
jalur NIS (gambar-3). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jadi,
setelah Maguwoharjo,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jalur SS menjadi di
sebelah selatan (sebelah kanan kalau menghadap Solo) dan jalur NIS di sebelah
utara (sebelah kiri kalau menghadap Solo) .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Dulu stasiun Gawok adalah stasiun pulau<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRz10HEYHrOuTr0wILwPymrLFc9JFYouG9jpN4Hc_jpjs1Lb2-BTcv28P9dDYr_HTStva7RPEhWgHBOoVPBvPknUjHk50S-JfJEUqvdLn6uS41iQSJFysRWSO2FexKzwRAVP_Csw_e8HY/s1600/yogya-kruising-84218-1930.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRz10HEYHrOuTr0wILwPymrLFc9JFYouG9jpN4Hc_jpjs1Lb2-BTcv28P9dDYr_HTStva7RPEhWgHBOoVPBvPknUjHk50S-JfJEUqvdLn6uS41iQSJFysRWSO2FexKzwRAVP_Csw_e8HY/s1600/yogya-kruising-84218-1930.jpg" height="182" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">KRUISING VAN MAGUWO - JALUR DI ATAS DUAL GAUGE MILIK N.I.S</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP2xHfngUNiZ7AN8RSikWwGfdb4GTmLzsxY0VnCY6qwUBjSwjIqDMungd1NqBQB3LLUoL3XvPf8T0ZnahS-7IJszEhOJ-iSCUJAqGCjYSdRPswknWzA-4TD5UziOEGdwUI1qi50goAkyg/s1600/yogya-kruising-84218-2000.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP2xHfngUNiZ7AN8RSikWwGfdb4GTmLzsxY0VnCY6qwUBjSwjIqDMungd1NqBQB3LLUoL3XvPf8T0ZnahS-7IJszEhOJ-iSCUJAqGCjYSdRPswknWzA-4TD5UziOEGdwUI1qi50goAkyg/s1600/yogya-kruising-84218-2000.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">kruising van Maguwo - tinggal jalur bawah eks jalur Staatsspoorwegen</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Pada th 1899, SS –(Staatsspoorwegen – perusahaan kereta api
pemerintah) - menambah rel baja ke-3 pada jalur milik NIS utk lintas Djocjakarta-Solo
Balapan (60 km), <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sehingga jalur tsb bisa
dilalui 2 Kereta api yg berbeda gauge, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yaitu
1435 dan 1067mm. sekaligus... atau stelah dibukanya jalur Djocjakarta-Paalbapang
(14 km th 1895 gauge 1435) dan Djocjakarta-Magelang (47 km th 1898 gauge 1067),
semua milik NIS, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan sebagai penghubung
jalur milik SS, yaitu Lintas barat SS-westerlijnen, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>antara Maos-Djocjakarta (155 km dibuka th
1887) dengan lintas timur SS-Oosterlijnen antara Madioen-Sragen-Solo Balapan
(97 km dibuka th 1883-1884)...dirasa kurang efisien, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kemudian pada tahun 1929, SS Meresmikan jalur
rel lintas Yogyakarta-Solo Balapan sejauh 60 km dg gauge 1067 mm yg terpisah
dari jalur milik NIS, hal ini kemudian diikuti dg peresmian KA Eendaagsche
Expres (Ekspres Siang) pada tgl 1 Mei 1929<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiQBbceY-z7gvE1rv906IEVSmg1xQMJ1wxGBva2Xew_etRTcbDgSFrPbfBCErpo8RnYAK4FCuN49JNG0ad77e7br-ZlMYwB4Wz-OpB2-DnBNJyL79LlbRr9jgHaLiR30ORAfwSaySx50E/s1600/Endagsche+Express_text.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiQBbceY-z7gvE1rv906IEVSmg1xQMJ1wxGBva2Xew_etRTcbDgSFrPbfBCErpo8RnYAK4FCuN49JNG0ad77e7br-ZlMYwB4Wz-OpB2-DnBNJyL79LlbRr9jgHaLiR30ORAfwSaySx50E/s1600/Endagsche+Express_text.jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">kereta api EENDAAGSE EXPRES di stasiun Kroya - dihela lokomotif uap C53</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAha-SBWZSG4E73M3j2Bt7pCveUIX2oz7hiCprGEv8A2aqgXt8ydc6BHGmXsHsc5XY7Rf63HFw1K7rOA5d7_m7kSOo9XQ4s_kpYP7GCeVEH4rmXvwFJCsPvTdgk5bqf5DmNofdQnprtN8/s1600/gauge_picture-14.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAha-SBWZSG4E73M3j2Bt7pCveUIX2oz7hiCprGEv8A2aqgXt8ydc6BHGmXsHsc5XY7Rf63HFw1K7rOA5d7_m7kSOo9XQ4s_kpYP7GCeVEH4rmXvwFJCsPvTdgk5bqf5DmNofdQnprtN8/s1600/gauge_picture-14.png" height="241" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">GAUGE STANDARD INTERNASIONAL 1435mm.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtrHrw7IkZ_pDFeDH75ypiFXf0eAm_c-t6oTMLwLCIN47hBDgo3A433CgF6ap7n5RZbXiny5XVlYnZHSLTVVONFLsXEANTODD3q7hEJDoz8xsQw-_EshE84xmVbDuGwEXL9KGQhZFMj9Q/s1600/gauge-Dimboola+gare.JPG" height="196" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">GAUGE STANDARD INTERNASIONAL 1435mm. stasiun Dimboola - Australia</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtrHrw7IkZ_pDFeDH75ypiFXf0eAm_c-t6oTMLwLCIN47hBDgo3A433CgF6ap7n5RZbXiny5XVlYnZHSLTVVONFLsXEANTODD3q7hEJDoz8xsQw-_EshE84xmVbDuGwEXL9KGQhZFMj9Q/s1600/gauge-Dimboola+gare.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> </a> </div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXG-U3khaHkydejgkMtlFlUBjSJm1GMUDjGlVFK3ss968kiiEw4O5BNCZDqX1P7XbqVZpraEhXi6F1PT9lvnxWgfkmFZyHmru7TXZU_4CVlriE0AhnQcwQ_iFkMt2ub739U7uie-NwOHA/s1600/Gauge-2011-12-27.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXG-U3khaHkydejgkMtlFlUBjSJm1GMUDjGlVFK3ss968kiiEw4O5BNCZDqX1P7XbqVZpraEhXi6F1PT9lvnxWgfkmFZyHmru7TXZU_4CVlriE0AhnQcwQ_iFkMt2ub739U7uie-NwOHA/s1600/Gauge-2011-12-27.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">GAUGE KERETA API INDONESIA 1067mm. (narrow gauge)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-67958226426737030942014-02-09T02:48:00.001-08:002014-02-09T07:17:04.628-08:00SEJARAH KERETA API AMERIKA (YUWES -2)<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">SLUMBERCOACH dan BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD</span></h2>
Teman-teman kamoder Indonesia, artikel ini merupakan seri (lanjutan) dari artikel saya tentang kereta api di Amerika <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/sejarah-kereta-api-amerika-yuwes.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/sejarah-kereta-api-amerika-yuwes.html</a><br />
<br />
tentunya teman-teman kamoder tidak asing dengan kereta penumpang amerika dengan model seperti ini<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihNLpeBQ1jfmTnS97ozfhz7r7xJIMF9au2pMrWetamWEVXzS1ga7Mz1xdi8fn6qvG_CBQS8QrunT6toL5TKMzKsW9RzPJUIZUYVLACBH7nqzTSi6OIYmMvFMFG4U0l3COceyHypI2_AaI/s1600/Slumbercoach(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihNLpeBQ1jfmTnS97ozfhz7r7xJIMF9au2pMrWetamWEVXzS1ga7Mz1xdi8fn6qvG_CBQS8QrunT6toL5TKMzKsW9RzPJUIZUYVLACBH7nqzTSi6OIYmMvFMFG4U0l3COceyHypI2_AaI/s1600/Slumbercoach(2).jpg" height="71" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">kereta penumpang 'Slumbercoach'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
kereta penumpang yang sangat populer di Amerika pada tahun 1950-an itu memiliki sebutan : 'SLUMBERCOACH'<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYUqf2kIiwkRhZO98IVw35CdDH5zcvcWwkarLPGG3GQHNKLHF6Mm1Jwiki_iEwocjyOciDv-KLcGkjqwLE_Lyd-VroWFh6kQYgVv9WsI_OPMP5iXXubwI0cNZTuKVVvEL7wd117stmPZQ/s1600/Slumbercoach(6).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYUqf2kIiwkRhZO98IVw35CdDH5zcvcWwkarLPGG3GQHNKLHF6Mm1Jwiki_iEwocjyOciDv-KLcGkjqwLE_Lyd-VroWFh6kQYgVv9WsI_OPMP5iXXubwI0cNZTuKVVvEL7wd117stmPZQ/s1600/Slumbercoach(6).jpg" height="290" width="320" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kereta penumpang 'Slumbercoach', hanya ada dalam terminologi perkeretaapian di
Yuwes, (seperti terminologi lokomotif 'CARBODY unit'; locomotif 'CAB FORWARD' dan gerbong 'GONDOLA') - <a href="http://ogrforum.ogaugerr.com/fileSendAction/fcType/0/fcOid/7906207209702953/filePointer/7906207209702965/fodoid/7906207209702960/imageType/LARGE/inlineImage/true/4785274409_3a2b5d6ef8.jpg" target="_blank">http://ogrforum.ogaugerr.com/fileSendAction/fcType/0/fcOid/7906207209702953/filePointer/7906207209702965/fodoid/7906207209702960/imageType/LARGE/inlineImage/true/4785274409_3a2b5d6ef8.jpg</a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">benua Amerika memiliki geografis yang sangat luas dan berat, karena bergurun dan bergunung-gunung. Jarak dari kota ke kota lain dengan perjalanan darat (baik kereta api maupun kendaraan lainnya) memerlukan waktu hingga lebih dari dua hari, bahkan tiga hari (baca juga perjalanan kereta api pertama Union Pacific 'Overland Limited' di bawah). Oleh karenanya kebutuhan akan akomodasi di dalam kereta api menjadi sangat tinggi. Kereta 'Slumbercoach' sangat populer pada dekade 1950-an untuk menangkap segment market penumpang
kereta api non eksekutip di sana pada masa itu.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Penumpang kereta api yang dimaksudkan adalah para penumpang yang tertinggal
pesawat atau bis dan tidak memiliki kendaraan pribadi.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kereta tidur Slumbercoach memiliki 40bed,
terdiri dari 24single room dan delapan doubleroom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG1Lp5BHKoFoi90CNN_qoTlQs4yUDWN3LmfR5oirTr_sTmaN3a_sfjMew7Q8axkp8eLuveCc7uJOX-Zqg3MIxAUrh0RcBrpi_RtzhFL6KFF3BIZsrS93Ja-96SlIT3mjz7rhx11duF6iY/s1600/Slu_Concor+BO.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG1Lp5BHKoFoi90CNN_qoTlQs4yUDWN3LmfR5oirTr_sTmaN3a_sfjMew7Q8axkp8eLuveCc7uJOX-Zqg3MIxAUrh0RcBrpi_RtzhFL6KFF3BIZsrS93Ja-96SlIT3mjz7rhx11duF6iY/s1600/Slu_Concor+BO.jpg" height="71" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">miniatur kereta 'slumbercoach' skala N produksi 'Con-cor' dengan livery milik BALTIMORE & OHIO railroad</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEVnLPYeU5oCLM57lYmsO0k7GnXFdpUBiXvX8Ffibzu-wQHhVAT1H_zD-1gUm5R1nvOcCwW1OAMYPEue8RL6THYg4BHdyScyxu0EHNnhQ07sySjW219w-ulpvGoyNS7bZuA-yql8bK3vE/s1600/Slumbercoach(4)walthers.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEVnLPYeU5oCLM57lYmsO0k7GnXFdpUBiXvX8Ffibzu-wQHhVAT1H_zD-1gUm5R1nvOcCwW1OAMYPEue8RL6THYg4BHdyScyxu0EHNnhQ07sySjW219w-ulpvGoyNS7bZuA-yql8bK3vE/s1600/Slumbercoach(4)walthers.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">miniatur 'slumbercoach' Union Pacific skala HO produksi 'Walthers'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEedEURrr-Ad-x_ebrHvAGfbck9a4H-rM9KNLqedANHSDh_Ff0lrJB127CS2eyVGeA1Co77AzS932nfJbkf5VCqLs3s3sxjTduKuyCiqLHHquBhRep2S2VDwbQ0D9U7TOI1f3wKus9x54/s1600/Slu_interior.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEedEURrr-Ad-x_ebrHvAGfbck9a4H-rM9KNLqedANHSDh_Ff0lrJB127CS2eyVGeA1Co77AzS932nfJbkf5VCqLs3s3sxjTduKuyCiqLHHquBhRep2S2VDwbQ0D9U7TOI1f3wKus9x54/s1600/Slu_interior.jpg" height="159" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">gambar potongan melintang interior kereta tidur 'Slumbercoach' sehingga nampak luar kaca berselang-seling <a href="http://i1346.photobucket.com/albums/p698/VPayne1/USPat25561401945_zpsb4c24512.png" target="_blank">http://i1346.photobucket.com/albums/p698/VPayne1/USPat25561401945_zpsb4c24512.png</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYn6SvRbDYTYmuOqH1ICJTAO44fCPyqnvfm7ebil2Zrx2z9-R2vVWW1j2DKSSUv5S1_VajwCyOAxykSJ0zODe1TWfs1zNvu3b5Vce0YfP49wIswCBqVK9J2zRgFqvjT_yWPAw5QEvxrF0/s1600/Slu_interior+(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYn6SvRbDYTYmuOqH1ICJTAO44fCPyqnvfm7ebil2Zrx2z9-R2vVWW1j2DKSSUv5S1_VajwCyOAxykSJ0zODe1TWfs1zNvu3b5Vce0YfP49wIswCBqVK9J2zRgFqvjT_yWPAw5QEvxrF0/s1600/Slu_interior+(2).jpg" height="230" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">perspektif interior, kereta tidur 'Slumbercoach' <a href="http://i1346.photobucket.com/albums/p698/VPayne1/USPat26007061944_zps4e160e0b.png" target="_blank">http://i1346.photobucket.com/albums/p698/VPayne1/USPat26007061944_zps4e160e0b.png</a></td></tr>
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8IHlVMnBqWqolK80Mh8w-z6FNA7r7bqJiW75vP5IQz_f_yl6XsrkViYWgzzo5jnP9XtbC9C-5byE-4HBi7j9phd-eJgsmktrhv4ASdxqLHA6cEPL3U9Y583vyXrsPONkXGwM43u6rAf0/s1600/Slu_Concor+BO(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8IHlVMnBqWqolK80Mh8w-z6FNA7r7bqJiW75vP5IQz_f_yl6XsrkViYWgzzo5jnP9XtbC9C-5byE-4HBi7j9phd-eJgsmktrhv4ASdxqLHA6cEPL3U9Y583vyXrsPONkXGwM43u6rAf0/s1600/Slu_Concor+BO(2).jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">miniatur kit kereta 'slumbercoach' - <a href="http://thumbs.ebaystatic.com/d/w225/m/miUEv6TDTuu10NNfx6qi5dA.jpg" target="_blank">http://thumbs.ebaystatic.com/d/w225/m/miUEv6TDTuu10NNfx6qi5dA.jpg</a></td></tr>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="notranslate"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Kereta 'slumbercoach' dibuat
pertama kali adalah pada tahun 1956 atas pesanan Chicago, Burlington and Quincy
Railroad (CBQ). Kereta penumpang
Sumbercoach dibuat oleh</span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budd_Company" title="Budd Company">Budd
Company</a>, menyusul pesanan berikutnya
atas permintaan <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad" title="Baltimore and Ohio Railroad">Baltimore and Ohio Railroad</a>, kemudian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_Pacific_Railroad" title="Missouri Pacific Railroad">Missouri Pacific Railroad</a> untuk<i> </i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Eagle_%28MP_train%29" title="Texas Eagle (MP train)"><i>Texas Eagle</i></a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Limited" title="National Limited"><i>National
Limited</i></a>. Pada tahun 1958
perusahaan <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Pacific_Railway" title="Northern Pacific Railway">Northern Pacific Railway</a> juga memesan
kereta-kereta slumbercoach untuk <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Coast_Limited" title="North Coast Limited"><i>North Coast Limited</i></a> , lalu menyusul
kemudian perusahaan <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Central_Railroad" title="New York Central Railroad">New York Central Railroad</a> yang dipakai
untuk armada <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Century_Limited" title="20th Century Limited"><i>20th Century Limited</i></a></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: small;">Baltimore and Ohio Railroad merupakan perusahaan jasa layanan kereta api swasta yang TERTUA di negara Amerika. Sejarah maskapai ini berhubungan langsung dengan sejarah heboh di Amerika yang kita kenal dengan 'American civil war'. Sejarah panjang perjalanan kereta api yang akan saya ulas di bawah ini.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<br />
<h2>
<span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD</span></span></span></span></h2>
<h2>
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</xml><![endif]--><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> <span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"> Pada sekitar tahun 1956, The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad memesan kereta tidur 'Slumbercoach' pada perusahaan </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budd_Company" title="Budd Company">Budd
Company</a></span></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">.</span> The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad (B
& O) bukanlah kereta api pertama di Amerika Serikat, namun Baltimore &
Ohio Railroad merupakan operator kereta api reguler yang pertama untuk barang
dan layanan penumpang kepada publik di Amrik. Di awal di awal 1800-an, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston&usg=ALkJrhjMlW2XwLuYcSl28sLoZLxEBrbIow" title="Boston">Boston</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City&usg=ALkJrhj0eHlJkiyIsjyPywsnM24OSeCKug" title="New York City">New York City</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia&usg=ALkJrhh6CR2KPpP8uCR3m6a2EeXb2mmkHw" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Baltimore&usg=ALkJrhiJ3xRWfd5OC_a09HwaGZXakuJ5wA" title="Sejarah Baltimore">Baltimore</a> , dan <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston,
South Carolina</a> adalah
kota-kota Pelabuhan yang penting di AS. </span></span></h2>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnjZa65nhUdtScOhaWv01yF_WfEMCZm9RDTbJU2QRJs3EYu16XojJq0yBLVRc0Y0EaTGWuLiZj6cvKCT62Go6Lrl3HhP84bDDjJC9rEE6o2BirCGuV1TI_oA6LsX2oejoSBu_JN7J9sc8/s1600/Slu_Concor+BO(2a).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnjZa65nhUdtScOhaWv01yF_WfEMCZm9RDTbJU2QRJs3EYu16XojJq0yBLVRc0Y0EaTGWuLiZj6cvKCT62Go6Lrl3HhP84bDDjJC9rEE6o2BirCGuV1TI_oA6LsX2oejoSBu_JN7J9sc8/s1600/Slu_Concor+BO(2a).jpg" height="239" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">kereta tidur 'Slumbercoach' Baltimore & Ohio Railroad <a href="http://www.brasstrains.com/classic/Product/Detail/035329/HO-SSL-Shoreham-Shops-B-O-Baltimore-Ohio-Slumbercoach-Restland" target="_blank">http://www.brasstrains.com/classic/Product/Detail/035329/HO-SSL-Shoreham-Shops-B-O-Baltimore-Ohio-Slumbercoach-Restland</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<h2>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"> Dengan letaknya yang strategis di muara <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susquehanna_River" title="Susquehanna River">Susquehanna River</a>, Baltimore meraup keuntungan besar dibanding daerah
pedalaman lainnya, karena menjangkau beberapa titik sentra perdagangan di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay&usg=ALkJrhhBiGQsS7UdVmW68IBKdvK1VyRh-g" title="Chesapeake Bay">Chesapeake Bay</a>. Pada tahun 1825, dengan pembukaan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie_Canal&usg=ALkJrhgT7chWdqheiDDVzVWB8SOzzFkMzg" title="Erie Canal">Kanal Erie</a> - New York memperoleh imbas positip, yang memungkinkan navigasi sampai memasuki <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Erie&usg=ALkJrhg1NgC41o3pB_FgzB7BIXaKDJhO5g" title="Lake Erie">Danau Erie</a>, dan pada tahun 1826, persemakmuran <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania&usg=ALkJrhgqJlMHKNZfJ5NgmhsAtq3tv50a_Q" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> menyewa sebuah sistem kanal untuk
menghubungkan Philadelphia dengan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh&usg=ALkJrhi_VbQW8xd1vIuwENMeOVYKrh-Npw" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a> . Dalam menghadapi persaingan kereta api dari kota-kota
itu, pada tanggal 28 Februari 1827 Baltimore
mencarter B & O Railroad untuk membangun jaringan rel kereta api dari
Baltimore ke titik yang strategis di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_River&usg=ALkJrhjZWN5NlzQNryjx0KUhHnH_yECyzQ" title="Ohio River">Sungai Ohio</a> . </span></span></h2>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0neGxa_dqs0_vGhu4yt2FbPXrwTqdnogUEjgkeGoYzYrrf36Yu0hgY5nhwI8GCucDwtOk7nz08WCxhsPJU6mUdDFmvKSc-km4Yh7Y4igQzsKubmhVmS90NYReIvnNO1-YorprbQFYUHM/s1600/Baltimore.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0neGxa_dqs0_vGhu4yt2FbPXrwTqdnogUEjgkeGoYzYrrf36Yu0hgY5nhwI8GCucDwtOk7nz08WCxhsPJU6mUdDFmvKSc-km4Yh7Y4igQzsKubmhVmS90NYReIvnNO1-YorprbQFYUHM/s1600/Baltimore.jpg" height="254" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">miniatur lokomotif uap Baltimore & Ohio skala HO</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ini hampir bersamaan dengan
pembukaan layanan publik kereta api ber-lokomotif uap pertama dalam sejarah, </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The <b>Liverpool
</b></span><b>and</b><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Manchester </span>Railway.
</b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span><br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKe_c2TblSjJpdDH95loE2QH6ECJ-6ZFOmFc_xQlA3frnvSyLWBBp5Q0WjOo29YBA3hcOjcSmT9ZqToq6o9-oZbDgym5eHUP1FOkD3LAkiZnInfI5SgsxxZ24v_uuZJlxs9iPUozYubgA/s1600/Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKe_c2TblSjJpdDH95loE2QH6ECJ-6ZFOmFc_xQlA3frnvSyLWBBp5Q0WjOo29YBA3hcOjcSmT9ZqToq6o9-oZbDgym5eHUP1FOkD3LAkiZnInfI5SgsxxZ24v_uuZJlxs9iPUozYubgA/s1600/Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway.jpg" height="258" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Perjalanan the Liverpool and Manchester Railway tahun 1830</td></tr>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 115%;">The <b>Liverpool </b></span><b><span style="line-height: 115%;">and</span><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 115%;">
Manchester </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">Railway</span></b><span lang="IN" style="line-height: 115%;"> (L & MR) </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">adalah layanan kereta
api untuk publik tertua di dunia, di mana kereta api angkutan penumpang dan
barang ditarik lokomotif uap secara reguler diberangkatkan dari kota </span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> menuju <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> di <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West
England</a> Inggris (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a>). <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Opening_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway.jpg" target="_blank">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Opening_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway.jpg</a></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Perletakan batu pertama untuk
menandai dimulainya pembukaan jalur tersebut (B&O Railroad) dilakukan pada hari kemerdekaan
Amerika, 4 Juli 1828 dengan perayaan besar. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Peletakan dilakukan oleh seorang veteran
deklarator (salah seorang penandatangan deklarasi) kemerdekaan Amerika yang
saat itu berusia 90-tahun : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton&usg=ALkJrhiu90OolX-MoG9KDTkUt-20UCt6ew" title="Charles Carroll dari Carrollton">Charles Carroll dari Carrollton.</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton&usg=ALkJrhiu90OolX-MoG9KDTkUt-20UCt6ew" title="Charles Carroll dari Carrollton">Maryland</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pekerjaan dimulai mengikuti rute yang ditarik menyusuri
sungai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patapsco_River&usg=ALkJrhh0ZOfAt63NbnPil2UNKhq_VTSd9w" title="Patapsco River">Patapsco</a> (63km dari Maryland, bermuara di Chesepeake
bay) dan sungai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocacy_River&usg=ALkJrhhbYpfUcbbmdTx7S27gs1TJOl7ovg" title="Monocacy River">Monocacy</a> sampai ketemu sungai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potomac_River&usg=ALkJrhjDea04skuJLEc0jNQEOBGzEexBKw" title="Potomac River">Potomac</a>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jalur
ini diresmikan penggunaannya pada tanggal <b>24 Mei 1830</b> untuk layanan umum
reguler ke Ellicott Mills (kini berganti nama <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellicott_City,_Maryland&usg=ALkJrhgcPBkJCKSaMfaMX6qKvdVzvSCfkA" title="Ellicott City, Maryland">Ellicott City</a> ). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pada tanggal 1 Desember 1831, jalan ke <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick,_Maryland&usg=ALkJrhgQB35Zn7sruHXVHUFDbfEhgGqcbg" title="Frederick, Maryland">Frederick</a> 60 mil (97 km) sudah dibuka.</span><br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Pada bulan Agustus 1835 B & O membuat percabangan
dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbutus,_Maryland&usg=ALkJrhiW9NOJgLuChSjWwrzxD0sV253maQ" title="Arbutus, Maryland">Relay, Maryland</a> (kemudian disebut Washington
Junction) ke Washington, menyeberangi Sungai Patapsco melalui, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Viaduct&usg=ALkJrhi3OsRik8N7_vKBUpEOpiz0xKOdGw" title="Thomas Viaduct">Thomas Viaduct</a> (bangunan hikmad bertanda tangan
presiden pertama B&O - Philip E Thomas). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMpt95Zk3GARBVM5QvfqSc10R9cdf2gAJQM2fEDPdzDYzH7deCD7cr5D4HdLXrXAyaMDv-YPtSRfv2lJQUAu28m71qEfAKxMg_Z5LxjN5KmqkT5KJ1ovOYYLduUCc8HnRLhY5BysJh1lg/s1600/Thomas-viaduct-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMpt95Zk3GARBVM5QvfqSc10R9cdf2gAJQM2fEDPdzDYzH7deCD7cr5D4HdLXrXAyaMDv-YPtSRfv2lJQUAu28m71qEfAKxMg_Z5LxjN5KmqkT5KJ1ovOYYLduUCc8HnRLhY5BysJh1lg/s1600/Thomas-viaduct-1.jpg" height="249" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Thomas Viaduct menyeberangi sungai Patapsco </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dua tahun berikutnya viaduct Thomas selesai
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas-viaduct-1.jpg" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas-viaduct-1.jpg</a> melintasi Potomac ke <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpers_Ferry,_West_Virginia&usg=ALkJrhge4yfe_vzYCsHFrUjZPieucgoyJw" title="Harpers Ferry, Virginia Barat">Harpers Ferry, Virginia Barat</a> (Virginia
barat memisahkan diri dari Virginia sejak pecahnya <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> - yakni 1863)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span><br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pada petak
Harpers Ferry, jaringan rel B & O terhubung dengan jaringan rel kereta api <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_and_Potomac_Railroad&usg=ALkJrhiyCKY5s8HZfjkeGDPOEjDOGhivog" title="Winchester dan Potomac Railroad">Winchester & Potomac Railroad</a> ,
sehingga membentuk persimpangan pertama dari dua perusahaan kereta api di
Amerika Serikat <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kemudian jalur terus ke
barat melalui <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland,_Maryland&usg=ALkJrhiBct2gu7Su_kE5LOYtYGzhRSj-Yw" title="Cumberland, Maryland">Cumberland, Maryland</a> ke <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grafton,_West_Virginia&usg=ALkJrhimiz32pVo0Um-9NTaU_xJfLRUyMQ" title="Grafton, Virginia Barat">Grafton, Virginia Barat</a> , di mana ternyata
barat laut untuk mencapai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheeling,_West_Virginia&usg=ALkJrhhRvAxKpgqzSkmNbDDHxX7sopxidA" title="Wheeling, Virginia Barat">Wheeling, Virginia Barat</a> , 379 mil (610
km) dari Baltimore, pada tanggal 1 Januari 1853, hampir 25 tahun sejak
dimulainya konstruksi. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pada tahun 1856
dibuat jalur lain kearah barat dari Grafton untuk mencapai <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkersburg,_West_Virginia" title="Parkersburg, West Virginia">Parkersburg, West Virginia</a> di tepi Sungai
Ohio. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2010-09-02-Harpers-Ferry-From-Maryland-Heights-Panorama-Crop.jpg" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2010-09-02-Harpers-Ferry-From-Maryland-Heights-Panorama-Crop.jpg</a></span><br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinm9LKa61MD4OLzkXYptFuEpbWsT1wn7lsZRZrK6xui72ncZaFjKgyIqiBWC7cGcw2QrDPdRwolYVXxWxYBQ_R9657A8pRRC_eOEpnQsKmQDTAio7mR92FjsyQ-jCzVaStshflAv7z3oE/s1600/Photomac-Harpers-Ferry-From-Maryland-Heights-Panorama-Crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinm9LKa61MD4OLzkXYptFuEpbWsT1wn7lsZRZrK6xui72ncZaFjKgyIqiBWC7cGcw2QrDPdRwolYVXxWxYBQ_R9657A8pRRC_eOEpnQsKmQDTAio7mR92FjsyQ-jCzVaStshflAv7z3oE/s1600/Photomac-Harpers-Ferry-From-Maryland-Heights-Panorama-Crop.jpg" height="142" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Panorama Harpers Ferry dari Maryland Heights</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
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<br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Maskapai B & O dianggap bertanggung
jawab atas kerusakan selama pecahnya <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pasukan Uni kompeten dan para pemimpin sering
gagal untuk mengamankan wilayah yang strategis tersebut. </span><br />
<b>Winchester dan Potomac Railroad (W & P)</b> adalah maskapai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroad&usg=ALkJrhiiMrSq4co-CZskzwtFgTJwtA2j0w" title="Jalan kereta api">kereta api</a> di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_United_States&usg=ALkJrhgxf1mmRArFiYW-dHmWhPgeU_1GGg" title="Southern Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat bagian selatan</a> , memiliki
jaringan rel dengan relasi dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester,_Virginia&usg=ALkJrhgJ8yK3Q11oXic9nc7HblMWE4ru4g" title="Winchester, Virginia">Winchester, Virginia</a> ke <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpers_Ferry,_West_Virginia&usg=ALkJrhge4yfe_vzYCsHFrUjZPieucgoyJw" title="Harpers Ferry, Virginia Barat">Harpers Ferry, Virginia Barat</a> melalui
<a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potomac_River&usg=ALkJrhjDea04skuJLEc0jNQEOBGzEexBKw" title="Potomac River">Sungai Potomac</a>, bersimpangan dengan jalur kereta api <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad&usg=ALkJrhiV78F1XVZITGRZ48Wu9ZXyLk3BOA" title="Baltimore dan Ohio Railroad">Baltimore dan Ohio Railroad</a> (B &
O). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ini memainkan peran kunci dalam
serangan awal maskapai kereta B & O selama bulan-bulan awal dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War&usg=ALkJrhgAEfeckyFiS6Ift3wZHMehpoEnRg" title="Perang Saudara Amerika">Perang Saudara Amerika</a> . <br />
Pada tahun 1902 W & P Railroad <b>diakuisisi oleh B & O</b>, dan kemudian
menjadi bagian dari <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSX_Transportation" title="CSX Transportation">CSX Transportation</a><br />
Sebagian besar jalur kereta api yang dibangun di Virginia sebelum <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> menghubungkan sentra-sentra
pertanian dan kota-kota industri ke pelabuhan seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia&usg=ALkJrhgLe8n_pR4zpKlIJ5STCxBMxLGu4g" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia&usg=ALkJrhi-YDFBI59wiGfCPuxNQ7nRK2-6Mg" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kota-kota di lereng sisi barat <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Mountains&usg=ALkJrhhCJm3cXSAKVOMJDnRqixtgJo83xw" title="Blue Ridge Mountains">Blue Ridge Mountains</a> membutuhkan transportasi
kereta api untuk menghubungkan dengan kota-kota pelabuhan tetapi terhambat oleh
kemampuan untuk melintasi pegunungan karena <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Front" title="Allegheny Front">Allegheny
Front</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escarpment" title="Escarpment">escarpment</a>
(patahan terjal/ jurang). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pada awal-awal
berdirinya <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad&usg=ALkJrhiV78F1XVZITGRZ48Wu9ZXyLk3BOA" title="Baltimore dan Ohio Railroad">B & O Railroad</a> (estab. 1827) baru
ada rencana untuk menyeberangi escarpment tersebut melalui ujung utara yang lebih
landai : di <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenandoah_Valley" title="Shenandoah Valley">Shenandoah Valley</a>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dari tahun 1831 hingga 1832, dilakukan survei
oleh <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corps_of_Topographical_Engineers" title="Corps of Topographical Engineers">Army Corps of Topographical Engineers</a>
untuk mendapatkan rute <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad&usg=ALkJrhiV78F1XVZITGRZ48Wu9ZXyLk3BOA" title="Baltimore dan Ohio Railroad">B & O Railroad</a> tersebut di atas. <br />
Pada tanggal 14 Maret 1836 jalur lintasan tersebut telah resmi dibuka, sementara
dua tahun sebelumya, 1834 jaringan rel maskapai B & O telah mencapai
Harpers Ferry. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sambungan rel akhir B
& O diselesaikan pada Januari 1837 ditandai dengan terhubungnya<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> jalur kereta api milik </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_and_Potomac_Railroad&usg=ALkJrhiyCKY5s8HZfjkeGDPOEjDOGhivog" title="Winchester dan Potomac Railroad"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Winchester
& Potomac Railroad</span></a> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan B
& O di ujung Bollman truss bridge yang melintasi Sungai Potomac, mengikat lintasan yang sejajar dalam sebuah
persimpangan di sisi sungai Virginia. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Inilah
merupakan pertama kalinya persimpangan dua rel kereta api di Amerika Serikat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(sumber : Wikipedia) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Harpers-Ferry-Bollman-Bridge.jpg" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Harpers-Ferry-Bollman-Bridge.jpg</a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_and_Potomac_Railroad&usg=ALkJrhiyCKY5s8HZfjkeGDPOEjDOGhivog" title="Winchester dan Potomac Railroad">Winchester
& Potomac Railroad</a></span><br />
<a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_and_Potomac_Railroad&usg=ALkJrhiyCKY5s8HZfjkeGDPOEjDOGhivog" title="Winchester dan Potomac Railroad"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Winchester
& Potomac Railroad</span></a> memiliki rel dengan <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_gauge" title="Standard gauge">standard
gauge</a> , memiliki berat 16,5 pound per yard (8,2 kg / m) terdiri atas batang
rel mendatar di atas bantalan kayu <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">white
oak</i> dan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">locust</i>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jalur utama sejauh 32 mil (51 km) dan yang
lain 2,5 mil (4 km) dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siding_%28rail%29&usg=ALkJrhh-20dfLNanT4K-5yeOAS2U3nYJmQ" title="Siding (rel)">sidings</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroad_switch&usg=ALkJrhjzzRCf8JAzj2G44mb5NKIndMXofQ" title="Beralih Railroad">turnouts</a> . Kereta api dihentikan muara dan pasar-pasar
di Winchester. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Depo Winchester segera menjadi pusat ekonomi
utama yang melayani pedagang pedagang gandum, kulit, bulu, tembakau dan rami(hemp)
di Winchester. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ujung utara jalur rel
juga melayani kota industri berkembang dari <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginius_Island" title="Virginius Island">Virginius
Island</a>, yang terhubungkan oleh <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shenandoah_Canal&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Shenandoah Canal (page does not exist)">Shenandoah Canal</a> dengan sisi
selatan dari Harpers Ferry.<br />
<span class="notranslate">Koneksi </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_and_Potomac_Railroad&usg=ALkJrhiyCKY5s8HZfjkeGDPOEjDOGhivog" title="Winchester dan Potomac Railroad"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Winchester
& Potomac Railroad</span></a> ke jalur <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad&usg=ALkJrhiV78F1XVZITGRZ48Wu9ZXyLk3BOA" title="Baltimore dan Ohio Railroad">B & O Railroad</a> <span class="notranslate">telah membuat banyak kekhawatiran politik, karena ini
berpotensi memungkinkan semua pertanian dan industri produk di</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Appalachian_Valley" title="Great Appalachian Valley">Great Appalachian Valley</a><span class="notranslate"> wilayah Virginia diangkut ke kapal keluar dari pelabuhan di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland&usg=ALkJrhjVxdFy6nG0bb8xrM12AYvHbJKUgQ" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore, Maryland</a> , dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania&usg=ALkJrhiBhuWJv_BdanOMkaQp_9AW0tsU8A" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a> daripada
melalui pelabuhan-pelabuhan Virginian.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Oleh karena itu jaringan
kereta api </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester_and_Potomac_Railroad&usg=ALkJrhiyCKY5s8HZfjkeGDPOEjDOGhivog" title="Winchester dan Potomac Railroad"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Winchester
& Potomac Railroad</span></a> <span class="notranslate">tidak diperbolehkan
untuk melanjutkan jalurnya lebih jauh ke selatan.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Bagian-bagian selatan
Lembah Shenandoah kemudian dilayani oleh kereta api lain seperti <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manassas_Gap_Railroad&usg=ALkJrhiCc40Wd8xq5TpIgz6s4BknzFaaBw" title="Manassas Gap Railroad">Manassas Gap Railroad</a> yang menghubungkan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Jackson,_Virginia&usg=ALkJrhiGPKFXd9XFyyaAmJ2-Thppb0gNkg" title="Mount Jackson, Virginia">Mount Jackson, Virginia</a> ke Manassas
Junction di</span> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_and_Alexandria_Railroad" title="Orange and Alexandria Railroad">Orange and Alexandria Railroad</a><span class="notranslate"> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Central_Railroad&usg=ALkJrhhfZ0Anq-IXL70RFMvlW-apQySWfA" title="Virginia Central Railroad">Virginia Central Railroad</a> yang menghubungkan
<a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staunton,_Virginia&usg=ALkJrhg9cMsowH8hR_q1jJ9bjtPn80e8IA" title="Staunton, Virginia">Staunton, Virginia</a> ke <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia&usg=ALkJrhgnZvmobD124KlvMUWzKeZr4wL-Rw" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a> .</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(peta-peta berhubungan dengan Stanton,
Shenandoah dan atlantik utara di CAB FORWARD)<br />
<br />
<b>JOHN BROWN’s RAID</b><br />
<b>Winchester dan Potomac Railroad <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">mendapat ancaman<b> </b></span>saat
terjadinya insiden <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Brown%27s_raid_on_Harpers_Ferry" title="John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry">John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry</a>,
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jalan untuk operasi penyelamatan dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Brown_%28abolitionist%29&usg=ALkJrhhmadj-f4NyStS1s5QVC2p9Ou5Bkw" title="John Brown (abolisionis)">John Brown</a> dan tahanan lainnya serta jalan
untuk invasi ke Virginia di bawah ancaman. Gubernur Virginia mengirim
pemberitahuan ini ke <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._Garrett&usg=ALkJrhid5aR-nPpYWmUofN5i_TglA9HwBg" title="John W. Garrett">John W. Garrett</a> , Presiden Baltimore & Ohio,
tentang penumpasan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Militia&usg=ALkJrhirJDl7JLVIwIXBrQekH_mv2zBqtw" title="Virginia Milisi">Virginia Milisi</a> pengambilalihan dari jalur W &
P dan B & O sehubungan dengan serangan pada tahun 1859.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jalur melintasi
Virginia dari Winchester maupun Harpers Ferry – Virginia Barat diblokir, dan
perusahaan <b>Baltimore & Ohio</b> (B&O) diberi wewenang untuk mengambil alih
jalur W&P oleh Jenderal Taliaferro pada awal bulan Desember 1859.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY3MTKh0KsTWiMHrdxASliBPVu_7ZqCGBMaVXGc8IW_tSwOwDMnSzmt3cK0bFJZBl5OdCuivZVC-UhEjdZG7eZdF4JTa8TpjcXu48SPS7ooZYpy5LY3RtgTOe_5twK5e7pquiJX-ATSXQ/s1600/Baltimore1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY3MTKh0KsTWiMHrdxASliBPVu_7ZqCGBMaVXGc8IW_tSwOwDMnSzmt3cK0bFJZBl5OdCuivZVC-UhEjdZG7eZdF4JTa8TpjcXu48SPS7ooZYpy5LY3RtgTOe_5twK5e7pquiJX-ATSXQ/s1600/Baltimore1.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lokomotif uap Baltimore & Ohio skala HO</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic1-gVvq7FYY1J9RcChbv6NM4nJdHnPDenZrUpWGicDCL4SM0JMDBIdi-hPngeg0bAAxGAtiX-3dwVMdI28RRqFVNBjTGHBYWgnFf4fyyFAww7Ab_xMfI8ZbukzenxB4la1UZIlqnRXWM/s1600/Staunton_peta(2)pantai_V.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic1-gVvq7FYY1J9RcChbv6NM4nJdHnPDenZrUpWGicDCL4SM0JMDBIdi-hPngeg0bAAxGAtiX-3dwVMdI28RRqFVNBjTGHBYWgnFf4fyyFAww7Ab_xMfI8ZbukzenxB4la1UZIlqnRXWM/s1600/Staunton_peta(2)pantai_V.jpg" height="210" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Peta Google Staunton West Virginia (A), Shenandoah canal (B) dan pantai Virginia</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjXxkXzax0KtdpnlCVSeKUrxooJw_vnRPW1nZNxamycw_i-RkcSeZOShoFGupP2nsebqGsBJbQj7Kladhm4cY9f3thMLrEplE886lpCVcygUI0BcVaGa9sp0i0ShimSkicCabaMN00_v4/s1600/Staunton_peta.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjXxkXzax0KtdpnlCVSeKUrxooJw_vnRPW1nZNxamycw_i-RkcSeZOShoFGupP2nsebqGsBJbQj7Kladhm4cY9f3thMLrEplE886lpCVcygUI0BcVaGa9sp0i0ShimSkicCabaMN00_v4/s1600/Staunton_peta.jpg" height="194" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Peta Google Staunton West Virginia (A) dan Shenandoah canal (B) </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="notranslate"><span style="line-height: 115%;">SEPINTAS UNION PACIFIC dan THE LIVERPOOL and MANCHESTER RAILWAY</span></span></span></span></b><br />
<br />
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<br />
<span class="notranslate">Perjalanan melalui kereta api penumpang dimulai pada
tahun 1830-an di pesisir timur Amerika, mencapai garis Midwest pada 1860-an.</span>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bulan Juli 1866 <span class="notranslate"><b>Union
Pacific</b> membuka layanan kereta penumpang yang pertama kali.</span> <br />
<span class="notranslate">Kereta penumpang pertama berkecepatan tidak lebih
dari 20 mil per jam dan para penumpang makan harus dengan cepat di restorasi
yang di sediakan di stasiun persinggahan.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>T<span class="notranslate">empat duduk standar
masih bangku kayu, kereta dilengkapi tungku kayu untuk pemanas.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Belum ada <span class="notranslate">AC sampai
tahun 1930-an.</span> <br />
Kereta tidur <span class="notranslate"><b>George Pullman</b> yang terkenal saat itu
merupakan "hotel" berjalan di atas rel, sudah digunakan sebelum ‘LAST SPIKE’ di
Promontory Summit. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kereta makan baru ada
setelah itu.</span> <span class="notranslate">Layanan kereta api reguler dari
Omaha ke San Francisco diluncurkan hanya lima hari setelah ‘LAST SPIKE’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yakni pada tanggal 10 Mei 1869.</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmydoMB92A20FpdSWKHx19Ar9RoK0j8c5d5pOiLqu5L0GKvkcAAWJhqGBsrabpp1OuTAMl6nwv_jjA5295RrEtXXjQXOU5y0I-FrDcp9j4zAgYNV6R_qHbSFCOr4jNVw31JoNJvsFWVdE/s1600/Northern_Pacific_325_at_the_Illinois_Railway_Museum.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmydoMB92A20FpdSWKHx19Ar9RoK0j8c5d5pOiLqu5L0GKvkcAAWJhqGBsrabpp1OuTAMl6nwv_jjA5295RrEtXXjQXOU5y0I-FrDcp9j4zAgYNV6R_qHbSFCOr4jNVw31JoNJvsFWVdE/s1600/Northern_Pacific_325_at_the_Illinois_Railway_Museum.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">kereta 'slumbercoach Pullman' <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Northern_Pacific_325_at_the_Illinois_Railway_Museum.jpg" target="_blank">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Northern_Pacific_325_at_the_Illinois_Railway_Museum.jpg</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="notranslate"> Salah satu layanan kereta penumpang andalan Union
Pacific adalah </span><i><span style="font-size: large;">Overland Limited</span>.</i> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Kereta mewah ini, pertama
kali menjalani dinasnya pada tahun <span style="color: red;"><b>1890</b></span>, dengan relasi antara <b>Omaha</b> (Nebraska)
dan <b>San Francisco</b> (California) hanya dalam 71 jam.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jarak dari Omaha (Nebraska) ke San Fransisco
(California) adalah : 2677km ditempuh oleh armada Union Pacific kereta
‘Overland Limited’ dalam 71jam (th1890) -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>bandingkan dengan jarak Surabaya – Jakarta<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang 784km (kurang dari sepertiga) atau
jarak dari Omaha ke San Fransisco sama dengan dari Jakarta ke Surabaya lalu
kembali ke Jakarta lalu ke Surabaya lagi.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada periode tersebut, di <b>Indonesia</b> pembuatan jalur
kereta api dari <b>Bandung</b> ke <b>Cibatu</b>, yang dapat diselesaikan pada tahun 1889.
Dari Cibatu, kemudian diteruskan ke Tasikmalaya, yang dibuka untuk umum pada
tanggal 16 September 1893. Jalur ini kemudian diteruskan pembangunannya sampai
ke Banjar dan Maos, yang selesai pada tanggal <b>1 November 1894</b>. Tanggal 1
November 1894 juga menandakan bahwa transportasi kereta api yang menghubungkan
kota Bandung dengan kota Yogyakarta mulai dapat digunakan karena jalur kereta
api rute Cilacap - Maos - Yogyakarta telah selesai dibangun pada tahun 1887.
Panjang jalur Bandung - Banjar adalah 157 km dan panjang jalur Banjar - Maos
adalah 79 km.</span></div>
<span class="notranslate">Pada 1930 mulai diperkenalkan kereta penumpang
Streamliner dengan standar baru untuk perjalanan kereta eksekutif.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perjalanan dengan Streamliner yang pertama <span class="notranslate">tahun 1934 adalah Union Pacific </span><i>City of Salina.</i>
<br />
<span class="notranslate">Biaya perjalanan yang tinggi untuk layanan reguler
antar kota: Chicago dan Los Angeles, San Francisco, dan daerah Portland sampai
1947 membuat Union Pacific mengurangi armada dan layanannya.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pada waktu itu setiap perjalanan kereta
melibatkan awak kereta: seorang engineer, juru rem, konduktor, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pemadam kebakaran, baggageman, petugas kereta,
koki, pelayan, ruang petugas kereta dan ruang tidur awak kereta.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Layanan reguler untuk penumpang kereta api
Union Pacific berakhir pada tanggal 1 Mei 1971. <br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjepgAKtu1NrmEHORXyMiEUuf5qNzm-W6S2czMrNGCTQ4R9LxvrwYQviWG6Tw8Rt07Mjsu3VbTS49a4qUv76zuSRb99u3fNvMV6KKmO_j6zoOyA8Kj9oWuGLmFiQktbRTSGtpLBL0b-CZk/s1600/Staunton_petaOmaha+San.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjepgAKtu1NrmEHORXyMiEUuf5qNzm-W6S2czMrNGCTQ4R9LxvrwYQviWG6Tw8Rt07Mjsu3VbTS49a4qUv76zuSRb99u3fNvMV6KKmO_j6zoOyA8Kj9oWuGLmFiQktbRTSGtpLBL0b-CZk/s1600/Staunton_petaOmaha+San.jpg" height="193" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">peta Google route Union Pacific '<i>OVERLAND LIMITED</i>' antara (A) Omaha - (B) San Fransisco</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQ-dDi-3s2XM-bzHVPGBeGQ5qmTVuPe7Xohh4BEWvymXk02LHfpevM-8NO35DAhG2cK3UhcPFg8G7d7rM7fBrTB43W7Ul7tmLpE9GMy7IWf4aWobZ2g6v6__JmyNgo0AAP1h507oLTclI/s1600/4-GL+compound(depan).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQ-dDi-3s2XM-bzHVPGBeGQ5qmTVuPe7Xohh4BEWvymXk02LHfpevM-8NO35DAhG2cK3UhcPFg8G7d7rM7fBrTB43W7Ul7tmLpE9GMy7IWf4aWobZ2g6v6__JmyNgo0AAP1h507oLTclI/s1600/4-GL+compound(depan).jpg" height="309" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lokomotif 4 silinder compound seri 1000 - C53 di stasiun Tasikmalaya sekitar 1930-an</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
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<br />
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><b>THE LIVERPOOL and MANCHESTER RAILWAY</b></span></span><br />
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><br /></span>
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The <b>Liverpool
</b></span><b>and</b><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Manchester </span>Railway</b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> (L & MR) </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">adalah layanan kereta api untuk publik tertua
di dunia, di mana kereta api angkutan penumpang dan barang ditarik lokomotif
uap secara reguler diberangkatkan dari kota<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Liverpool</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> menuju </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Manchester</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> di </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">North West
England</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> Inggris (</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">United Kingdom</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Itulah pertama kalinya kereta api ber-karcis
untuk para penumpangnya diperkenalkan, meskipun saat itu masih menggunakan
lokomotif uap dan kereta milik pribadi (swasta), <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jalur yang dibuka </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">pada tanggal <b>15
September 1830</b> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">itu merupakan
jalur ganda</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">twin-track</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">)</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> antar kota </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">yang pertama
kali dalam catatan sejarah</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">. <br />
<br />
</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Dirangkai dengan sebuah
lokomotif, </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kereta api barang </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">menuruni lintasan yang curam sejauh </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">1,26 mil </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">dari persimpangan lereng bukit </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Wapping Tunnel
ke Docks Liverpool.</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jaringan kerta api </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Kereta api The <b>Liverpool
</b></span><b>and</b><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Manchester </span>Railway</b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> ini terutama
dibangun untuk menyediakan transportasi yang lebih cepat </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">untuk</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> bahan baku </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">maupun</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> barang jadi dan penumpang antara Pelabuhan Liverpool </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Liverpool" title="Port of Liverpool"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Port of Liverpool</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">) menuju </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">dan pabrik di Manchester
dan kota-kota sekitarnya.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></span>
<span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></span>
<span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">- TERIMAKASIH ATAS KUNJUNGAN ANDA -</span></span></span></span>Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-75752956647217269722014-02-06T02:41:00.003-08:002014-02-06T02:41:41.673-08:00NAPAK TILAS SEJARAH MINIATUR KERETA API<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>DARI KERETA API, MENJADI MAINAN</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tidak pernah ada miniatur dan mainan kereta api jika
tidak ada kereta api yang nyata. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pada
kenyataannya, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mula-mula beberapa 'model'
dari lokomotif dibuat sebagai alat promosi untuk penjualan setiap inovasi baru
dalam perkereta apian, dan selanjutnya beberapa di antaranya kemudian mungkin
telah diproduksi untuk<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mainan (barang
hoby miniatur kereta api).</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_FUDjWf9c0_2qoLDqTXMdXFCapr3aegK6eG9s_VrbdZnLuOeNW1cQHUaly4nB2iiIj_rw0dkJUNk72_kghi-d7OjQ6348CijWrxS5-QE8U2HGUft2Lmb-KjE2OX5fXPnSfQKOi2rRAeI/s1600/2013-11-21+20.52.26b_bisaFKM.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_FUDjWf9c0_2qoLDqTXMdXFCapr3aegK6eG9s_VrbdZnLuOeNW1cQHUaly4nB2iiIj_rw0dkJUNk72_kghi-d7OjQ6348CijWrxS5-QE8U2HGUft2Lmb-KjE2OX5fXPnSfQKOi2rRAeI/s1600/2013-11-21+20.52.26b_bisaFKM.jpg" height="176" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">Tidak pernah ada miniatur dan mainan kereta api jika
tidak ada kereta api yang nyata</span></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Jika kita berorientasi pada ‘<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">peradaban kereta api</b>’: the Liverpool
and Manchester Railway 15 September 1830,<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">–
</b>periode waktu tersebut berada di <b>akhir</b> era <i>Gregorian</i> di Inggris, dan
menjelang dimulainya era <i>Victoria</i>, yang lebih popular dengan ‘<i>era Victorian</i>’
yakni <b>1837~1901</b>.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Dapat dikatakan
<b>dimulainya sejarah miniatur kereta api</b>, terjadi tidak jauh dari waktu di mana <b>George</b>
dan <b>Robert Stephenson</b> merancang Lokomotif uap generasi pertama yang tercatat di
dunia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5ZFvgb6CfeH2n1dVE6uhh9vJfJxNI88fuZORzohyuGGV6unZ3cQ1Ti4C8ZqO-b5IYgJMlNUjgkrf9huCoFoDuvPdh1gjfHX36cGaKhPxVCiHgpHCNlsNRGDs1SOUWA3smToXsuGSexvM/s1600/Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5ZFvgb6CfeH2n1dVE6uhh9vJfJxNI88fuZORzohyuGGV6unZ3cQ1Ti4C8ZqO-b5IYgJMlNUjgkrf9huCoFoDuvPdh1gjfHX36cGaKhPxVCiHgpHCNlsNRGDs1SOUWA3smToXsuGSexvM/s1600/Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway.jpg" height="258" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">the Liverpool and Manchaster Rilway - 15 September 1830</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sejarah miniatur kereta api,
diawali dari sebuah mainan tiruan lokomotif uap yang dikenal secara luas
sebagai <b>Birmingham dribblers</b> atau<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
carpet railway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>Di masa-masa
Victorian (era Victorian adalah 1837~1901), mainan dan Model lokomotif kereta
api mencakup dalam beberapa kategori - ada mesin uap hidup yang mahal dan hanya
dapat dimiliki oleh kalangan bangsawan. Gambar di atas diunduh dari : <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Opening_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway.jpg" target="_blank">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Opening_Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway.jpg</a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Daya tarik model-model kereta api dalam
segala bentuk, ukuran dan bahan, kebanyakan berupa ‘penny toys’ dan tin toys lalu
kemudian mainan yang digerakkan pegas putar. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mainan miniatur kereta uap dan mainan yang
digerakkan pegas putar (clockwork engines) dapat dimainkan di lantai, atau lintasan
trek sederhana sesuai dengan keinginan pengguna, namun miniatur kereta api
masih belum ‘real sense’ (mirip sekali dengan aselinya).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5v0pKjvAyJNlCAeDzdAQLhTN67egDBoFvRgy4LHWVGdCnN4YQ1J2wiccCHt7H1VUEked5OtBUBY6Vx4bUKYsauBaQJSrYQmlbCuZDxPvygaioPr4JASNX5a1BgraC1WlJScXjfT9c8qE/s1600/Marklokwork.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5v0pKjvAyJNlCAeDzdAQLhTN67egDBoFvRgy4LHWVGdCnN4YQ1J2wiccCHt7H1VUEked5OtBUBY6Vx4bUKYsauBaQJSrYQmlbCuZDxPvygaioPr4JASNX5a1BgraC1WlJScXjfT9c8qE/s1600/Marklokwork.jpg" height="244" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMc9O064pCTaB83zdlF8e29_lXXkcGmo8myiSGhXyjyYRovYVWXOsUO_n8arg0WDzLuCwvKigRqEALkaIrtkodXbPeC26UhEOnAxzaCs040JFMz723H2yfrTCfaKjypZvAd8qlSFKgjhA/s1600/Marklokwork2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMc9O064pCTaB83zdlF8e29_lXXkcGmo8myiSGhXyjyYRovYVWXOsUO_n8arg0WDzLuCwvKigRqEALkaIrtkodXbPeC26UhEOnAxzaCs040JFMz723H2yfrTCfaKjypZvAd8qlSFKgjhA/s1600/Marklokwork2.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">contoh mainan yang terbuat dari tin plate (tin toys) dengan operasi clock work (memakai pegas yang diputar)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Birmingham dribblers</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> (kadang-kadang
disebut Birmingham piddlers) atau <b>karpet railways </b>diklaim sebagai </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_railroad&usg=ALkJrhh4nD5nW3jo9-sQA5eRtRfWiXFfMA" title="Model kereta api"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">kereta
api model</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
yang pertama kali ada di dunia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ini
adalah sedikit keliru, karena Birmingham dribblers memang merupakan miniatur
dari lokomotif uap ‘<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the Rockets</b>’ (1829)
yang benar-benar berjalan sesuai sistem lokomotif uap sesungguhnya, namun
lokomotif <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Birmingham Dribblers</span>
hanya berjalan di lantai dan tidak di atas track (lintasan) sebagaimana
layaknya kereta api. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Beberapa pengembangan
dari<b> </b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Birmingham Dribblers</span>,
membuat roda depan yang steerable sehingga mereka bisa berjalan dalam lingkaran
tanpa track. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b>Birmingham dribblers</b>
pertama kali muncul pada 1840-an dan menjadi sangat populer dengan nama model/
mainan kereta api </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_era&usg=ALkJrhhCF5luzrq0az_xsqq1Py0FRvpSeA" title="Era Victoria"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Victorian</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">. </span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGq5WG3Ddzmf7lVH3uRS9pe8S4zkT7dXE-wn5OCSpWN4loy0BTwz2gks02_122kAhTBUVW81TSCDP0-vVn_uO1ee5SvplA6lu5rpWqs92Gv0VNzYL6LhX0GRrWKRQhe2e_U8BqSum6ly0/s1600/oldest+Kamod.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGq5WG3Ddzmf7lVH3uRS9pe8S4zkT7dXE-wn5OCSpWN4loy0BTwz2gks02_122kAhTBUVW81TSCDP0-vVn_uO1ee5SvplA6lu5rpWqs92Gv0VNzYL6LhX0GRrWKRQhe2e_U8BqSum6ly0/s1600/oldest+Kamod.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">tradisi mainan/ miniatur kereta api paling tua : Birmingham dribblers (<i>CARPET RAILWAYS</i>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Kebanyakan miniatur (mainan)
dibuat oleh negara <b>Jerman</b>. Kemudian
jenis-jenis miniatur lokomotif uap mulai dikembangkan oleh pabrikan <b>Inggris</b> dan
<b>Perancis</b>. </span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pabrikan Amerika memperkenalkan
bahan besi tuang (die cast) untuk menggantikan bahan timah ‘tin toys’.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Birmingham
dribblers</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
merupakan miniatur lokomotif uap yang sangat sederhana, biasanya terbuat dari
bahan </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brass&usg=ALkJrhi7QzvB9BZzwuMWryVDmqoYedOaZA" title="Kuningan"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">kuningan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> ,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan sepasang </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscillating_cylinder_steam_engine&usg=ALkJrhhIp8BuNzuhHlGPDGWBiC8K4qh3TQ" title="Mesin uap silinder berosilasi"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">silinder berosilasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> yang sangat
sederhana, sebagai penggerak roda utama.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Pada dasarnya, silinder-silinder itu hanyalah </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pot_boiler&usg=ALkJrhhPdMCVbsaiyOEvfPHY5rkO-o0t8Q" title="Pot boiler"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">boiler</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> yang dipasang
pada roda, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan kadang-kadang diberikan
dekorasi sederhana (biasanya band lacquer).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Mainan kereta-keretaan ini tidak menggunakan track. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Boiler-nya diisi penuh dengan air,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lalu tungku dinyalakan, dan ketika tekanan
uap sudah cukup,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lokomotif itu diletakkan
di atas lantai dan dilepaskan begitu saja sampai airnya atau bahan bakar habis
atau keretanya menabrak perabotan. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Banyak
kejadian, beberapa kereta itu meledak,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>sehingga kemudian dibuatkan katup pengaman yang sederhana. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada masa itu mainan
kereta-keretaan tersebut dengan cepat memperoleh julukan <b>Birmingham
dribblers</b> (atau kadang-kadang "Piddlers"), karena sebagian besar
dari mereka dibuat di </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham&usg=ALkJrhjCKCq12yDx0P14xxUHSVvi6MHpWg" title="Birmingham"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Birmingham</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> , Inggris.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mainan Piddlers ini juga memiliki kelemahan
meninggalkan jejak air di belakang mereka ketika sedang melaju di lantai.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Banyak juga yang mencoba mencampur bahan bakar
yang digunakan untuk kompor, sehingga menimbulkan banyak insiden kebakaran yang
disebabkan oleh lokomotif menabrak furnitur dan terjungkir-balik sehingga bahan
bakar tumpah di lantai dan mengobarkan api.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Semakin lama dengan perkembangan teknologi, pada mainan ‘Piddlers’ ini
mulai ditambahkan detail-detail hiasan, seperti balok kayu penyangga, buffer
dan peluit uap. </span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Periode M</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ärklin</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tonggak bersejarah miniatur
kereta api adalah peluncuran Märklin di tahun <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">1891</span></b>, merupakan miniatur kereta api
dengan sistem lengkap yang pertama. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(dibuat seperti sistem kereta api yang
sesungguhnya, seperti yang sekarang kita mainkan).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tidak
seperti produk-produk miniatur kereta api sebelumnya (yang benar-benar berupa
mainan) - Märklin memperkenalkan rangkaian-rangkaian dengan gauge standar
(seperti kereta api sesungguhnya), disajikan lengkap dengan komponen track yang
dengan mudah dapat disusun, dan berbagai lokomotif, rolling stock dan aksesoris
untuk memadukan komponen-komponen tersebut. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnfQhgwWkfbxoFlwBb8He7jl1vrdSpfsPRwJcJoi3gY2c68TKoa-P9GEp_sFl_cujPWkpDu4Z9qYKcCX3Hn7BcW1IowUzrXxR0DM9i0HjfvLwFyT3jkUiggWE2QoBHTGuesY6LrOOMMas/s1600/Marklin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnfQhgwWkfbxoFlwBb8He7jl1vrdSpfsPRwJcJoi3gY2c68TKoa-P9GEp_sFl_cujPWkpDu4Z9qYKcCX3Hn7BcW1IowUzrXxR0DM9i0HjfvLwFyT3jkUiggWE2QoBHTGuesY6LrOOMMas/s1600/Marklin.jpg" height="230" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">pada awal-awal, produksi <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
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<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
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<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
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<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">Märklin masih lebih mirip mainan, meskipun sudah berjalan di atas track</span></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Inovasi ini memberikan pengaruh
baik untuk produsen mainan(miniatur), di mana salah satu fitur dasar untuk
kesuksesan bisnis di bidang ini kebanyakan adalah untuk membuat souvenir atau
hadiah-hadiah, dengan barang-barang yang memiliki nilai pada event-event
seperti (Natal, ulang tahun, orang tua dan atau kepada relasi yang cukup
terjangkau ukuran uang saku). </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyhBu-X5zfUlHhJhq8QYiiJikNSwgBUwO8pilvnQBFy_LTC3Pr6ntyRHk_OLdSvWkJL5kj_1Rshj1xn2-GmF2Qi5lBgsEXiSPcPj0vrgwV8ewYjF9b4ia-LvhFc-BLBxvWDLvyVPPeOPc/s1600/Marklokwork1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyhBu-X5zfUlHhJhq8QYiiJikNSwgBUwO8pilvnQBFy_LTC3Pr6ntyRHk_OLdSvWkJL5kj_1Rshj1xn2-GmF2Qi5lBgsEXiSPcPj0vrgwV8ewYjF9b4ia-LvhFc-BLBxvWDLvyVPPeOPc/s1600/Marklokwork1.jpg" height="236" width="320" /></a></div>
gambar di atas adalah contoh sebuah tin toys dengan sistem operasi <b>clockwork</b> di tahun 1950-an, disebut clock work karena mirip arloji atau jam jaman dulu yang harus diputar (berlawanan arah) dahulu supaya hidup <a href="http://www.vectis.co.uk/AuctionImages/51/3174_l.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.vectis.co.uk/AuctionImages/51/3174_l.jpg</a><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Model-model Märklin pertama
dibuat dalam tiga gauge (disebut gauge 1, gauge 2 dan gauge 3, dengan cukup
proporsional). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Model-model tersebut
umumnya berbahan dasar <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tinplate
(lembaran timah) yang dipatri dan dicat dengan pengerjaan yang masih kasar
menurut ukuran sekarang, yang digerakkan oleh gaya pegas (sebelum dijalankan,
diputar dahulu pegasnya). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Meskipun demikian toh mainan kereta-keretaan
tersebut memperoleh sukses besar. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz43R7YJtPrn1w3aqCmQM3fKpoyaKCdbH7taa32hKLhcJP3DyUyHkYVwjjC-EpKKncgGrLcWBS8lyZLcB0JxDyHis1ni1ftOzNvqtpl5xxOGJBmAFXWF8ylrIl24KiyFuWujkEM3x-xC0/s1600/Marklokwork3(1912).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz43R7YJtPrn1w3aqCmQM3fKpoyaKCdbH7taa32hKLhcJP3DyUyHkYVwjjC-EpKKncgGrLcWBS8lyZLcB0JxDyHis1ni1ftOzNvqtpl5xxOGJBmAFXWF8ylrIl24KiyFuWujkEM3x-xC0/s1600/Marklokwork3(1912).jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">contoh sebuah lokomotif tin toys di tahun 1912</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sehingga Märklin memperluas jangkauan
produksinya, dengan menambahkan, gauge yang lebih kecil dari ketiga gauge
pendahulunya, yang disebut gauge keempat (O). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Berbagai aksesoris juga semakin lengkap dan
banyak macamnya. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Märklin <b>bukanlah pemain tunggal </b>pada segmen ini. Pada zamannya p</span></span>embuat mainan Jerman
lainnya memperkenalkan produk-produk kompetitif, terutama <b>Bing</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kelak Jerman
merupakan negara pembuat mainan terbesar di dunia. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Meskipun banyak varian dan divergensi dari
masing-masing pembuat ini, toh pada umumnya <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mereka mengadopsi standar gauge yang sama dengan
Märklin, sambil mengembangkan teknik produksi baru, khususnya penggunaan
lithographed tinplate (motif dan cat dicetak langsung pada bidang tin-plate),
sehingga jauh lebih murah dan lebih beraneka warna, meskipun dengan beberapa kelemahan.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGDtZlITPo_ZwrnyFXT1xNAnyUxct_AgO_HCKJHedLYsRgIWEy9rceDTt93lwvmAO7piC-VH4vBzuQ_fgDSLJ3pZsmnfHoYqwyxBFCYV5_m0QKzlJ78V9lrLvZhN3irZUs2PnEjiEY3TA/s1600/Marklokwork4Bing(1920).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGDtZlITPo_ZwrnyFXT1xNAnyUxct_AgO_HCKJHedLYsRgIWEy9rceDTt93lwvmAO7piC-VH4vBzuQ_fgDSLJ3pZsmnfHoYqwyxBFCYV5_m0QKzlJ78V9lrLvZhN3irZUs2PnEjiEY3TA/s1600/Marklokwork4Bing(1920).jpg" height="173" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">model kereta api salah satu kompetitor <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Märklin : BING</span></span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada awal abad ke-20, mulai
diperkenalkan metode propulsi yang lain, miniatur-miniatur lokomotif steam layaknya
lokomotif yang sesungguhnya, dengan memakai tenaga listrik berjalan di atas rel
metal, namun demikian miniatur berpenggerak pegas (clockwork) masih banyak
digunakan. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sementara itu podusen Märklin,
<b>Bing</b> dan yang lain tumbuh terus berinovasi setiap tahun, dan sebagaimana iklim perdagangan
mainan di Jerman yang sangat berorientasi ekspor, sehingga menyebarkan miniatur/
mainan kereta api ke seluruh dunia. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pasar
utama adalah Inggris, Perancis (pada masa itu Jerman masih di bawah kekuasaan
Perancis) dan Amerika Serikat. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Inggris
tidak memiliki pembuat mainan lokal untuk bersaing seperti Perancis, namun Inggris
memiliki basis pasar di Amerika. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bagaimanapun Inggris memiliki ‘<b>sesuatu</b>’ yang
lain pada mainan kereta api.</span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Lahirnya Hobby
miniatur Kereta Api di Inggris</span></b><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hobi miniatur kereta api boleh
dikatakan lahir di <b>Inggris</b> (Britania Raya) pada awal periode Edwardian (1901~1910). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Di
mana sudah ada insinyur miniatur kereta api amatir yang mengembangkan lokomotif
uap seperti lokomotif dalam kereta api yang nyata. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Adalah <b>WJ
Bassett-Lowke</b>, salah satu tokoh muda yang paling menonjol saat itu, secara
aktif memberikan sumbangsih yang penting dalam hobby miniatur kereta api di
Inggris. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b>Basset</b> melirik potensi kereta
api mainan dari Jerman, khususnya track dan mekanisme, dan memperbaiki bentuk bodi
kereta dan lokomotif supaya agak lebih akurat untuk prototipe untuk kemudian
dijual bukan lagi sebagai mainan untuk anak-anak melainkan sebagai barang hobby
(adult toys). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bassett-Lowke kemudian
menggandeng <b>Henry Greenly</b>, sebagai perancang model ini. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pertama-tama, Greenly membentuk sistem skala
menggunakan standard gauge Märklin. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ia
juga menerbitkan sebuah bulletin pertama yang ditujukan untuk pelaku hobby
miniatur kereta api. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sehingga dapat dikatakan, hobby miniatur
kereta api tumbuh berkembang dari barang mainan, dan perjuangan para modeler
(dari amatir sampai professional) untuk eksis pada jalur hobby ini banyak
menemui suka dan duka. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bassett-Lowke cenderung
menggunakan jasa <b>Bing</b> dan <b>Carrette</b> untuk pembuatan miniatur-miniatur tersebut, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan setelah rancangan tersebut mantab
(established) para pabrikan di Jerman mulai memproduksi untuk dipasarkan
importer lain, misalnya Märklin untuk toko Gamages di London. </span></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVB4DSwhHv2bBzUU8B1ZQPXh_ka4Mp6UaVjafGgrRL92t6rINvtShiEuWfV6SfxZ4y5QvhdeO05R1HK1idyq9MkCrIg6W4XeUKNQKk89DfcMOArR7TaFT8y4qErgmys5CB_0ZQKvAqIcY/s1600/Marklokwork5Basset(1950).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVB4DSwhHv2bBzUU8B1ZQPXh_ka4Mp6UaVjafGgrRL92t6rINvtShiEuWfV6SfxZ4y5QvhdeO05R1HK1idyq9MkCrIg6W4XeUKNQKk89DfcMOArR7TaFT8y4qErgmys5CB_0ZQKvAqIcY/s1600/Marklokwork5Basset(1950).jpg" height="83" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <b>AWAL MINIATUR KERETA API DI AMERIKA</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada saat yang sama ketika Märklin
sedang memasarkan mainan kereta apinya ke Eropa, Amerika sedang bereksperimen
dengan hal baru: elektronika. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Salah satu
hasilnya adalah bahwa beberapa jenis mainan kereta-keretaan elektrik yang beredar
dari tahun 1890-an kemudian yang dalam ukuran rumahan, menggunakan rakitan dua
rel yang agak mirip dengan tipe pre-Märklin. Tapi mereka mengikuti sistem
barang-barang impor dari Jerman. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pada
kisaran tahun <b>1900</b>-an, seorang pembuat mainan yang sudah mapan (established) di
Amerika, <b>Ives</b> memutuskan untuk bersaing dengan pabrik-pabrik lain seperti Bing di
sektor mainan kereta pegas tinplate dalam gauge O dan 1. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kemudian <b>Lionel</b> seorang modeler yang nyeleneh,
memodifikasi track tin-plate ala Eropa dengan beberapa pendekatan konstruksi, untuk
dijalankan menjadi miniatur kereta elektrik. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Gambar di atas diunggah dari <a href="http://www.tcawestern.org/images/bl3.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.tcawestern.org/images/bl3.jpg</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sebelum dan
setelah WW 1 </span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dapat dikatakan selama
periode Edwardian dan sampai tahun <b>1914</b> bisnis di segmen miniatur kereta api
semakin mantab. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Märklin dan Bing
sebagian besar masih berkutat pada segmentasi lama, namun kini mereka harus mulai
memperhitungkan sepak terjang Basset dan Lionel di Amerika. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ini melahirkan beberapa miniatur yang lebih indah,
lebih besar, lebih realistis dan namun masih ‘<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">toy-like</i></b>’. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Model Pacific muncul, namun masih belum bisa
merepresentasikan loko 0-4-0 (meskipun yang terakhir masih didominasi trainset
murah). Miniatur kereta uap masih tersedia untuk pre order dan miniatur kereta
elektrik menawarkan propulsi yang jauh lebih umum, meskipun di Eropa mainan
kereta-kereta clockwork masih menguasai pasar bahkan untuk semua item favorit,
terutama di <b>Inggris</b>. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Setelah 1914 peta market mainan
berubah. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jerman sudah tidak bisa lagi
memimpin ekspor ke pasar utama industri mainan kereta api sehingga pemain
(pelaku bisnis) lokal mulai muncul atau berkembang. Di Eropa ini umumnya
terjadi setelah perang, dengan, misalnya, pengembangan miniatur kereta ‘<b>Hornby</b>’
di Inggris (dan Perancis) dan <b>JEP</b> di Perancis. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bahkan di Swiss pun mulai bermunculan
pemain-pemain lokal pada segmen mainan kereta api tersebut. </span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVtVovCmihc7DgItLlrduOPVX_v8NyQtbX9cZErSD6zAX1KsbEv8QVu5haglrIYIUzwH_0qE0cSBfhiyxlMtMOiMaAvI_zDlqOUQN4RBAdsYpg_y5eS8ePm-_vJ-ZlWoo4NY2wYvn512Q/s1600/HORNBY_a1a-a1a_diesel_class_31.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVtVovCmihc7DgItLlrduOPVX_v8NyQtbX9cZErSD6zAX1KsbEv8QVu5haglrIYIUzwH_0qE0cSBfhiyxlMtMOiMaAvI_zDlqOUQN4RBAdsYpg_y5eS8ePm-_vJ-ZlWoo4NY2wYvn512Q/s1600/HORNBY_a1a-a1a_diesel_class_31.jpg" height="128" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">miniatur Hornby diesel class31</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Di AS dengan adanya pembatasan produk-produk
Jerman - memungkinkan pabrikan mainan lokal mendominasi pasar domestik. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sebutlah merk-merk seperti ‘<b>Lionel</b>’, ‘<b>Ives</b>’
dan ‘<b>American Flyer</b>’ <a href="http://nfrailroad.com/ClockworkTrains/1912Ives/1912IvesFinished3.jpg" target="_blank">http://nfrailroad.com/ClockworkTrains/1912Ives/1912IvesFinished3.jpg</a> - meraih sukses merebut hati dan perhatian kanak-kanak di Amerika, bahkan
belakangan <b>Louis Marx</b> membuat sebagian kecil mainan kereta api untuk <b>kaum
proletar</b>. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pabrikan asal Jerman kemudian <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>berusaha untuk merebut kembali pasar lama
mereka, namun sayang sekali, bersamaan dengan masa itu, sentimen pasar, anti
Jerman dan munculnya proteksionisme tumbuh subur di daerah Inggris, Perancis
dan Amerika (terutama di era fasisme Hitler)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>ini menunjukkan bahwa pabrikan Jerman tidak pernah benar-benar menjadi
ancaman produsen mainan lokal di Inggris, Perancis atau Amerika Serikat. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Namun, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>untuk seluruh Eropa dan pasar domestik masih terbuka
untuk mereka. </span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5xTEvQJvpcsfNTWiXaWX-VJLNwj-s2chYOspKTDSnS7OyJWpW2kcxHkf3aUW0xgCxoBEhnYXckMOsiWaNB5xU1X0pq3i9EBuY8gs-4bRTi0WvrMNPa7Evu9cjzGCDeQ913tPS2s1dV9s/s1600/Marklokwork3(1912).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5xTEvQJvpcsfNTWiXaWX-VJLNwj-s2chYOspKTDSnS7OyJWpW2kcxHkf3aUW0xgCxoBEhnYXckMOsiWaNB5xU1X0pq3i9EBuY8gs-4bRTi0WvrMNPa7Evu9cjzGCDeQ913tPS2s1dV9s/s1600/Marklokwork3(1912).jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">mesin clockwork '<b>IVES</b>'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Polemik skala </span></b></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Beberapa produk miniatur kereta
api, selanjutnya berkembang dalam sejumlah tren. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Salah satunya adalah munculnya skala yang lebih
kecil. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gauge OO dan HO berkembang dari
sebuah kolaborasi antara ‘<b>Bing</b>’ dan ‘<b>Basset-Lowke</b>’, dirancang oleh <b>Henry
Greenly</b>, untuk model-model kereta api yang dimainkan atas meja lay out. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Model-model mereka, sejauh itu masih dianggap
benar-benar hanya mainan, karena menggunakan perlengkapan yang sama dengan yang
digunakan di Inggris, Amerika Serikat dan masih mengikuti pakem-pakem (standar)
mainan kereta Jerman. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Di sini mulai
muncul perdebatan mengenai <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">SKALA</b>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fakta menunjukkan -sebagai mainan- sistem ‘Bing
Table Top’ mempunyai perform yang agak mengecewakan (tidak begitu lancar
jalannya).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Toh kegagalan tersebut telah
mendorong lahirnya bermacam-macam skala dan ukuran miniatur kereta api yang
dimainkan oleh orang-orang dewasa, sebagaimana yang ada pada saat sekarang ini.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dan perdebatan soal skala ini yang akhirnya
memunculkan dua skala dengan gauge yang sama (HO skala 1/87 skala) dan di
Britania Raya/ Inggris (OO skala 1/76) mereka sama-sama menggunakan gauge
16,5mm. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">anda ingin mengenal lebih jauh tentang skala ?...silahkan klik <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/skala-pada-miniatur-kereta-api-di.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/skala-pada-miniatur-kereta-api-di.html</a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Permasalahan skala, justru memunculkan tren kedua, yakni miniatur kereta api sebagai <b>hoby</b>, dan <b><span style="font-size: large;">bukan
hanya untuk orang-orang kaya</span></b>, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tren
tersebut mulai berhembus dari Inggris sejak tahun 1920 dan tumbuh subur di
Amerika Serikat pada tahun-tahun 30-an. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Reportase-reportase dari sejumlah majalah hobby,
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>menunjukkan kemajuan pada konstruksi bangunan
dan standar-standar yang lebih baik, namun pertumbuhan produsen untuk segmen
hobby (dewasa) masih tetap lebih kecil daripada pasar segmen mainan. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Di Amrik, trend hobby miniatur kereta api
telah mendorong diterapkannya standar-standar produksi untuk para produsen
miniatur kereta api (hobby) – ditandai dengan berdirinya NMRA pada tahun 1934. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht_lBewi2a8zypzK8M__Z5Bvi1vUY6jWIN8aCRJxOsPCnoyfV_gUHqEFawY3rvpj8Z-hQP6Vae9B_8-dRl_uBXHGxs7lTJPjUgsCTBLWJ-tlxwg_TvW7q4ndOXZ7_vInzUVQbGjfiSLp8/s1600/Mar_nmra+logo-3in.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht_lBewi2a8zypzK8M__Z5Bvi1vUY6jWIN8aCRJxOsPCnoyfV_gUHqEFawY3rvpj8Z-hQP6Vae9B_8-dRl_uBXHGxs7lTJPjUgsCTBLWJ-tlxwg_TvW7q4ndOXZ7_vInzUVQbGjfiSLp8/s1600/Mar_nmra+logo-3in.gif" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Para produsen mainan akhirnya
memperhitungkan perkembangan (trend) ini. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Di
samping memproduksi kereta api mainan yang dijual untuk anak-anak, para
produsen juga menjual barang hobby untuk orang tua(dewasa). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bagaimanpun pengaruh apa yang terjadi di <b>Inggris</b> pada tahun 30-an mendorong
tumbuhnya <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kereta api mainan yang lebih
baik menjadi jauh lebih realistis, mengadopsi bentuk, warna dan livery lebih
seperti kereta api yang nyata. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sesaat
<b>sebelum</b> pecah perang dunia II,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pada
tahun <b>1938</b> di Amerika Serikat, Jerman dan Inggris tumbuhnya skala OO dan skala HO
menandai hadirnya generasi kedua pada segmen mainan kereta api, di mana mulai
ditetapkan standar-standar baru menuju miniatur yang semakin realistis. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Setelah WW2 </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pertumbuhan industri miniatur
kereta api di Amerika paska perang dunia II, menunjukkan statistik yang lebih
bagus daripada di rata-rata negara Eropa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Sehingga kehidupan berhobby miniatur kereta api di Amerika menjadi lebih
maju daripada peminat yang sama di Eropa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Produk-produk miniatur kereta api di Amerika berkembang menjadi lebih
dari sekedar ‘toy-like’ dengan menambahkan fitur asap pada lokomotif uap, atau
fitur-fitur canggih lainnya pada rangkaian rolling stock. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sejak
saat itu, skala secara bertahap mengambil segmen pasar yang bagus di pasar
mainan. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Eropa membutuhkan waktu lebih
lama untuk memulihkan iklim manufaktur untuk memulai kembali produksi
miniatur-miniatur keretanya, dan ketika manufaktur di Eropa mulai pulih,
penekanannya adalah pada skala OO (khususnya di Inggris) atau HO (seluruh
Eropa). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Di <b>Eropa</b>, standarisasi mulai diperhatikan sejak terbentuknya <b>MOROP</b> pada tahun 1954 di Genova, terlambat 2dekade dari Amerika (NMRA). D</span>an untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut tentang MOROP dan aplikasi skala pada miniatur kereta api, anda dipersilahkan meng-klik <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kopler-pada-miniatur-kereta-api.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kopler-pada-miniatur-kereta-api.html</a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Beberapa pemain baru mulai
bermunculan meramaikan kompetisi pasar di segmen miniatur kereta api, mereka
adalah : <b>Fleischmann</b> di Jerman, <b>Rivarossi</b> di Italia dan <b>Rovex-Triang</b> di
Inggris, semua memiliki segment yang cukup fanatik. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sistem DC12v untuk 2 rel, tumbuh berkembang
pada periode ini. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kereta api mainan menjadi mainan yang
favorit pada dekade 1950-an. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mereka
diproduksi dalam jumlah ribuan dan puluhan ribu. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Efek yang luar biasa paska perang dunia ini, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>'booming' barang mainan atau 'bulge' pada anak-anak,
total pasar untuk mainan mulai menyusut. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Seleksi alam terjadi, beberapa pemain lama
mulai gulung tikar, yang lain melakukan konsolidasi untuk bertahan hidup. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dekade 1960-an tidak menunjukkan pergerakan
yang berarti di pasar miniatur kereta (mainan). </span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmVYOX9-c4tzkawsGH6LIKci-PI1L3RDUpjTzuj2bbu6oLORfrcjMUKM3XKGxND4QpKTMMujb2Nf5VGjKCec64fcT1-xOX-Vgu8U1gea566ZhghyphenhyphenSH1W3Y3QRiAr7Zm_pzGJ5MkP5Tktk/s1600/Rivarossi+hr2057+class+5047.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmVYOX9-c4tzkawsGH6LIKci-PI1L3RDUpjTzuj2bbu6oLORfrcjMUKM3XKGxND4QpKTMMujb2Nf5VGjKCec64fcT1-xOX-Vgu8U1gea566ZhghyphenhyphenSH1W3Y3QRiAr7Zm_pzGJ5MkP5Tktk/s1600/Rivarossi+hr2057+class+5047.jpg" height="69" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rivarossi hr2057 (class5047)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyRo91r1CaYqZRoQFMgRotg9LH8yFm8Yi-LPuaJUg-peYtZAPcYrneUq72V5KfnlgKvyg6AEBDrCwqzyLD3vAk0-n60-lZCnO4f80wAxMcWolsuymNSZ7LHwxh-iNRe-r-NEnU7HsvqHs/s1600/mBah+D+Rivarossi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyRo91r1CaYqZRoQFMgRotg9LH8yFm8Yi-LPuaJUg-peYtZAPcYrneUq72V5KfnlgKvyg6AEBDrCwqzyLD3vAk0-n60-lZCnO4f80wAxMcWolsuymNSZ7LHwxh-iNRe-r-NEnU7HsvqHs/s1600/mBah+D+Rivarossi.jpg" height="166" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rivarossi mirip lokomotif D (Krupp)di Indonesia</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kebangkitan dan
Hong Kong </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Para produsen miniatur yang masih
survive mengadopsi berbagai strategi. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ada <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dua strategi utama.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Salah
satunya adalah menjual kereta api mainan kepada orang dewasa. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Beberapa produsen miniatur kereta api
mengikuti idealisme skala yang dibuat oleh tokoh-tokoh modeler, memproduksi
model yang lebih akurat dan rinci. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Produsen-produsen lain bahkan mengkhususkan
bidikan market pada kolektor dewasa. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kereta
mainan tidak lagi menjadi mainan yang universal sehingga kelompok orang dewasa
mulai aktif mengoleksi miniatur kereta api, bukan sebagai bagian dari model
kereta api tetapi sebagai obyek properti mereka sendiri. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Strategi produsen <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kedua adalah untuk mengatasi biaya produksi. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Beberapa strategi terbukti menekan ongkos
produksi, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>umumnya dengan berekspansi ke beberapa tempat
produksi baru, seperti Hong Kong, China atau Eropa Timur. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tahun 1970-an mulai diperkenalkan
skala yang lebih kecil (N dan Z untuk skala kecil, dan G untuk besar) memberikan
pukulan yang cukup betrarti bagi para produsen barang miniatur di Inggris.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Di AS membanjir
produk skala besar, miniatur lama 3rel dengan standar gauge ‘O’ mendominasi
pasar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sementara pasar di Jerman masih
dikuasai oleh 2 pembuat utama. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sampai <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hari ini pasar kereta mainan masih dipengaruhi
oleh pabrikan-pabrikan tersebut di atas, dan dalam jangkauan yang lebih luas
dari sebelumnya. Terlepas dari berbagai skala dan gauge, kami memiliki item
jelas dibuat untuk modeler penggemar dewasa, yang lain untuk kolektor, yang
lain untungnya masih untuk anak-anak. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dan
suatu saat nanti para produsen yang survive memiliki semua dari apa yang telah
dibuat, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan para kolektor. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Dalam Museum Märklin di kota <b>Göppingen</b>,
pengunjung dapat menikmati koleksi-koleksi cantik dari model bangunan Märklin,
berbagai macam miniatur kereta api yang menarik sejak 150 tahun yang lalu. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Di samping itu juga berbagai macam miniatur kereta
api klasik, bersejarah dan langka seperti lokomotif uap pertama yang ‘hidup’. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perusahaan legendaris Märklin memiliki
tradisi menghubungan model dengan sejarah membuat produk-produknya tersaji
dengan cara yang menarik dan menyenangkan. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dalam dunia petualangan keluarga: ‘Märklin’, kolektor
dan pemula dapat menemukan akses hiburan untuk berbagai edukasi dan tema. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(<i>In the Märklin World of Adventure families,
collectors and beginners can find entertaining access to the various subjects
and themes</i>).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dewasa ini untuk segment
pasar yang lebih luas, Märklin mendirikan pabrik di kota <b>Györ</b> di Hungaria <a href="http://www.maerklin.com/en/company.html" target="_blank">http://www.maerklin.com/en/company.html</a></span> </span></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>Pabrikan-pabrikan lainnya</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tidak seperti </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Märklin, </span><span style="font-size: small;">Perusahaan </span><b><span style="font-size: large;">Bachmann</span></b><span style="font-size: small;"> memang sudah berdiri sejak
1833 (</span><b style="font-size: 12pt;">Henry Carlisle</b><span style="font-size: small;">) setengah abad sebelum </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Märklin</span></span>, namun perusahaan yang berbasis di <b>Philadelphia</b> -Yuwes ini
awalnya adalah pembuat hiasan rumah yang terbuat dari tanduk atau gading dan
cangkang kura-kura. Bachmann baru mulai
membuat model miniatur kereta api di tahun <span style="color: #cc0000;"><b>1948</b></span> bekerjasama dengan perusahaan
Hong Kong bernama '<b>KADER</b>', dan miniatur kereta api pertama diproduksi KADER
untuk Bachmann baru pada tahun 1969.
Pada tahun 1981 Kader menjadi Bachmann Industries, tahun 1988 Bachmann
mendirikan <b>Big Haulers</b>™ untuk distributor '<i>Thomas & Friends</i>' kereta api
pulau <b>Sodor</b> yang sedang berkibar, tahun2007 Bachmann men-akuisisi <b>Williams</b>™ dan
memperluas produksi-nya untuk skala 'O' </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <a href="http://www.bachmanntrains.com/home-usa/history.php" target="_blank">http://www.bachmanntrains.com/home-usa/history.php</a></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Fleischmann</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada tahun </span><b style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1887</b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> didirikan
Yayasan oleh </span><b style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Jean Fleischmann</b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">, untuk produksi ‘</span><b style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">tin toys</b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">’ dan pada dekade
berikutnya mulai memproduksi mainan: kapal, pesawat terbang, kemudian mainan magnetic
maritim). </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada tahun </span><b style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: red;">1938</span></b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">, Fleischmann
mulai membuat miniatur lokomotif bermesin uap pertama kali (model diperoleh
dari perusahaan Doll & Co), </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">kemudian
dilakukan pengembangan untuk perusahaan sendiri untuk menjadi model kereta api
-asli dalam gauge 0. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Fleischmann baru
memproduksi miniatur kereta api gauge HO di tahun </span><b style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1952</b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">, dan gauge ‘N’ nya (piccolo)
menyusul pada tahun 1968.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada tahun
1981 Fleischmann mencatatkan rekor menjalankan miniatur terpanjang di sebuah
‘window display’, yakni mencapai </span><b style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2299km</b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> (**gila - ini sudah hampir sepanjang
perjalanan dari Omaha ke San Fransisco, perjalanan pertama kali kereta
penumpang Union Pacific), tahun 2008 menggandeng pabrikan </span><b style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Roco</b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">, dan pada tahun
2013 memproduksi miniatur ICE seri 407 pada skala presisi 1/87 </span><a href="http://www.fleischmann.de/en/aboutus/history/index.html" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;" target="_blank">http://www.fleischmann.de/en/aboutus/history/index.html</a><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7LQgq62ct4q-XLt45ptwgvGWjMkuMY1cTVh_OzjqUKuqpuLh80Jxf8BiLDhJPDPl0T-xEkx2iTGrW0nrQ5VBlqwyyDSnILNOTN9VXg3y_U98LUpggLQKva3jCp7eegsL_cW0m3aKjpxk/s1600/fleischmann+dto.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7LQgq62ct4q-XLt45ptwgvGWjMkuMY1cTVh_OzjqUKuqpuLh80Jxf8BiLDhJPDPl0T-xEkx2iTGrW0nrQ5VBlqwyyDSnILNOTN9VXg3y_U98LUpggLQKva3jCp7eegsL_cW0m3aKjpxk/s1600/fleischmann+dto.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fleischmann curved turn out switch</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG8tvvuQNQDrDQAWydHrevll6FwGya8F9FPz0vDGRjU4YTrQQtib12WdH0e6LSXhhyphenhyphenxIc9HA_WlWcmUBrtWaxvuFZ5Qur7fQa5oOOWG3PzaOJeY1rn2b87RFgjJUgVOZ1_frgW0jhX-Us/s1600/fleischmann_510401.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG8tvvuQNQDrDQAWydHrevll6FwGya8F9FPz0vDGRjU4YTrQQtib12WdH0e6LSXhhyphenhyphenxIc9HA_WlWcmUBrtWaxvuFZ5Qur7fQa5oOOWG3PzaOJeY1rn2b87RFgjJUgVOZ1_frgW0jhX-Us/s1600/fleischmann_510401.jpg" height="93" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">passcar Fleischmann -510401</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">ROCO </span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Roco, merupakan ‘</span><i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">portmanteau</i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">’ (kependekan, istilah yang lebih pendek) dari ‘</span><span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Roman
& Company</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">’ baru berkiprah di dunia model kereta api setelah berkibar dengan
‘</span><b style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Minitanks</b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">’ nya, di tahun </span><b style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1993</b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Setelah
reorganisasi perusahaan di tahun 2005, kini ‘Roman & Company’ menjadi importir
eksklusif Roco untuk Amerika Serikat.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada tahun 2006, Roco menggandeng perusahaan model </span><b style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">MBZ</b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">, dan sejak tahun
2009 Roco menjadi distributor utama <b>Fleischmann</b> untuk kawasan Amerika Utara, dan
pada tahun yang sama, Roco menggandeng pesohor pabrik figure: ‘<b>Preiser</b>’. </span><a href="http://www.roco.com/about-us.aspx" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;" target="_blank">http://www.roco.com/about-us.aspx</a><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbeRrowraNdTbeESvxOA1nfj9-RFvTk2OwUnhB2d94gdEQIVhMkYQcHwjRhppY8CNlw_nXcJJDPDdJO0IkfO1mbGO_0tRLEO0QKWMhGC5ClehYL8HIl-vKcFhLDUb1fJ8caKNRDRTWVBE/s1600/J_Roco+43564+BB+9282+Corail+b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbeRrowraNdTbeESvxOA1nfj9-RFvTk2OwUnhB2d94gdEQIVhMkYQcHwjRhppY8CNlw_nXcJJDPDdJO0IkfO1mbGO_0tRLEO0QKWMhGC5ClehYL8HIl-vKcFhLDUb1fJ8caKNRDRTWVBE/s1600/J_Roco+43564+BB+9282+Corail+b.jpg" height="164" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">miniatur ROCO</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6JCjVMhiHjs7gqk9d_whGStWMlVnxlDMQcvy8Tj1EueiAqFYrwu80sxZUmLh1qN0-lFm6kcFy1_QezCT29B7ALcCGpdJJLdrpWustT6YOBvpgDsLSY7X2N2_DvvgNiG252nQLdt3moGA/s1600/roco63229_mallet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6JCjVMhiHjs7gqk9d_whGStWMlVnxlDMQcvy8Tj1EueiAqFYrwu80sxZUmLh1qN0-lFm6kcFy1_QezCT29B7ALcCGpdJJLdrpWustT6YOBvpgDsLSY7X2N2_DvvgNiG252nQLdt3moGA/s1600/roco63229_mallet.jpg" height="142" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">lokomotif ROCO mini mallet</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>PIKO</b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><b>PIKO Spielwaren GmbH</b> adalah
sebuah perusahaan yang berbasis di <b>Sonneberg</b>.
Perusahaan tradisional ini didirikan pada tahun <b>1949</b> di <b>Chemnitz</b>
(Jerman) dan dikelola oleh pemiliknya <b>Dr René F. Wilfer</b> sejak tahun 1992. Penjualan produk miniatur kereta api PIKO di
samping melalui toko miniatur kereta api yang lengkap, juga melayani
perdagangan online dan dalam bagian mainan suatu department store anda dapat
membeli artikel PIKO. (di Indonesia
kadang-kadang tersedia di konter <i>ACE Hardware</i>, ‘<i>Toys City</i>’ atau ‘<i>Toy Kingdom</i>’).
Di taman arena miniatur kereta api PIKO
ber-skala H0, produsen menyediakan full-line
semua yang dibutuhkan pehoby (kamoder – model railroader) bermacam ukuran track
yang sesuai untuk hobinya, mencakup lokomotif dan rangkaian (rolling stock),
model bangunan, kelengkapan track lengkap seperti starter kit dan pengendali
sistim digital. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><b>PIKO</b> selalu berpartisipasi di
berbagai pameran nasional dan internasional, seperti Nuremberg Toy Fair, serta
pameran konsumen di Jerman untuk penggemar miniatur kereta api. Setiap 2 tahun
sekali PIKO mengadakan "<b><i>Open Day</i></b>" di Sonneberg, yang dikunjungi oleh
sekitar 10.000 penggemar PIKO dan telah menjadi acara reguler yang tak mengesankan
bagi penggemar miniatur kereta api PIKO.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">PIKO di produksi di beberapa lokasi produksi, selain di
Sonneberg (Jerman) juga di Chashan (Cina). PIKO merupakan salah satu produsen miniatur
kereta api di Jerman dan Eropa yang terkemuka terutama untuk gauge G, H0, TT,
N. <a href="http://www.piko.de/DE/index.php/en/company" target="_blank">http://www.piko.de/DE/index.php/en/company</a></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkt7ogvlj5E7UdKI9NDqdjak9W2P0noNiuyq37XxEPgYTCEfs1NCiBTskCnflURliKy2fu-qGNItSbTQUWCs_PpJ7aMDEGrcyY6C_oguG5juKG7e3o_FhsXbP4iN8GghY1KVAtlrqgCLM/s1600/PIKO+ICE.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkt7ogvlj5E7UdKI9NDqdjak9W2P0noNiuyq37XxEPgYTCEfs1NCiBTskCnflURliKy2fu-qGNItSbTQUWCs_PpJ7aMDEGrcyY6C_oguG5juKG7e3o_FhsXbP4iN8GghY1KVAtlrqgCLM/s1600/PIKO+ICE.jpg" height="107" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">miniatur ICE - PIKO</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Hobby
Miniatur kereta api di Indonesia</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tidak mudah membuat rangkaian
miniatur Kereta api Indonesia.<br />
Kondisi pasar perdagangan barang hoby <b>miniatur kereta api</b> di Indonesia,
membuat modeler kereta api Indonesia harus berjuang demi menghadirkan karya
miniatur kereta api yang Indonesiawi. Benda-benda perlengkapan miniatur
kereta api yang beredar di pasar hoby, mengacu pada <b>standard Internasional</b>,
dengan gauge 16,5mm.; pada skala HO 1/87 mewakili 4ft8½inch atau 56½inch dalam
unit metric =1435mm.- Sementara pada kenyataannya kereta api yang umum berjalan
di Indonesia menggunakan gauge 1067mm. (3ft6inch); pada skala HO 1/87 gauge ini
lebih dekat ke HOn3½ dengan gauge 12mm.; atau mewakili 1043,636mm. pada skala
1:1 (**dengan selisih 2,3363cm. <u>lebih sempit</u> dibandingkan rel yang
dipakai secara umum di Indonesia).<br />
Hal ini diperparah dengan kondisi model lokomotif yang ‘Frateschi oriented’ –
karena di dunia hanya merk Frateschi yang membuat miniatur lokomotif paling
mendekati lokomotif yang umum dipakai di Indonesia (buatan General Electric
U20C) <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-indonesia.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-indonesia.html</a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWI6brRrnMCcOUxOWqfaAuPxrkWGiwI1dPBftcCtDJXiQI7-wmjWUhGLDF3LIbp2_pH6mPfxw2Bqwx07nrTr8wYJYzCCQc7b1srcivOEAV1f2ABGJsxHXvBfbe6sCIeOYJmhJSE0pMIas/s1600/Frateschi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWI6brRrnMCcOUxOWqfaAuPxrkWGiwI1dPBftcCtDJXiQI7-wmjWUhGLDF3LIbp2_pH6mPfxw2Bqwx07nrTr8wYJYzCCQc7b1srcivOEAV1f2ABGJsxHXvBfbe6sCIeOYJmhJSE0pMIas/s1600/Frateschi.jpg" height="127" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
Gambar di atas, model miniatur (ferromodelismo) Frateschi U20C, paling mendekati lokomotif Indonesia CC201 - sumber foto : <a href="http://www.auroratrains.com.au/uploads/Products/product_348/3103.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.auroratrains.com.au/uploads/Products/product_348/3103.jpg</a><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tak pelak, para modeller kereta
api di Indonesia menggunakan model lokomotif dummy buatan Agung Craft untuk
mendapatkan kesempatan menghadirkan rangkaian kereta api yang khas
Indonesia. Di Indonesia memang belum ada, dan belum pernah ada
produsen (pabrik) pembuat miniatur lokomotif berskala dan ber-standard
Internasional yang motorized (mampu bergerak/ dinamis dengan
elektro-motor). Maka, kesempatan yang paling mendekati adalah model
dummy lokomotif-lokomotif buatan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Agung Craft</b></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dan baru-baru ini pusat produksi
Agung Craft telah me-launching produk-produk baru mereka, yakni <b>rangkaian
kereta penumpang</b>, dari berbagai livery dan periode kereta api Indonesia mulai
era PJKA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDg8aqnvrJsv6TjKx6Y4BWCH0ChN2XW4xY72uHZAbsALMPtHYviehduzZS0Tg9VxoroRjTzEuB9rpUjVj0Nr3lby4KS5sSQGxNVhxWjnS5W1qM-2PWVjwbELjlawGscf6-EYPDVxN59mE/s1600/Pascar+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDg8aqnvrJsv6TjKx6Y4BWCH0ChN2XW4xY72uHZAbsALMPtHYviehduzZS0Tg9VxoroRjTzEuB9rpUjVj0Nr3lby4KS5sSQGxNVhxWjnS5W1qM-2PWVjwbELjlawGscf6-EYPDVxN59mE/s1600/Pascar+2.jpg" height="320" width="237" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">produk baru Agung Craft - aseli putra Indonesia untuk para penggemar kereta Indonesia</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0NYBvlfDnkBBNW4hb5VkJMtggr02_yigOjBkVj1HOTPJOdMbjT7pPZIe9y0FwPbabbo6IQpuVvScqz1T3aeYadnm2xnxJQAcPLMyzl6dJSRRecZqaIVtEUnJK8PBXAH7vTAs9TS1_AyI/s1600/GAPLEK+PRINGKILAN.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0NYBvlfDnkBBNW4hb5VkJMtggr02_yigOjBkVj1HOTPJOdMbjT7pPZIe9y0FwPbabbo6IQpuVvScqz1T3aeYadnm2xnxJQAcPLMyzl6dJSRRecZqaIVtEUnJK8PBXAH7vTAs9TS1_AyI/s1600/GAPLEK+PRINGKILAN.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">bersama sang juragan, pak Ari (kiri - <b>AGUNG CRAFT</b>)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1OpsOSLFmN7vZ_gJhVlz9CjSAYLzsqHB7HyfimBbQhr-bLKqTgQ6G9tXYFy25izaR2-w8_cPsatJ9b88Wb5g11na0raQmqwgqPuSvBOoWttojpwq4ybRImPMMgipJM_4j86nYJPC4qZs/s1600/2013-11-20+11.08.04Cbisa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1OpsOSLFmN7vZ_gJhVlz9CjSAYLzsqHB7HyfimBbQhr-bLKqTgQ6G9tXYFy25izaR2-w8_cPsatJ9b88Wb5g11na0raQmqwgqPuSvBOoWttojpwq4ybRImPMMgipJM_4j86nYJPC4qZs/s1600/2013-11-20+11.08.04Cbisa.jpg" height="113" width="320" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaIAmWTh3HsqB-jn75LpYt_hAxto6gR1ReFmXUOTFPA_6h8CYw8QslFVKQegq7k1N9MOW6HVgspCnEX9Rqw-cGTdSbYkvyAUnnX5SCKnXeau5c6ZQinTQeUXxauOIRhrNoxbE9dHp_9cA/s1600/2013-11-21+19.48.43Dcakep87.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaIAmWTh3HsqB-jn75LpYt_hAxto6gR1ReFmXUOTFPA_6h8CYw8QslFVKQegq7k1N9MOW6HVgspCnEX9Rqw-cGTdSbYkvyAUnnX5SCKnXeau5c6ZQinTQeUXxauOIRhrNoxbE9dHp_9cA/s1600/2013-11-21+19.48.43Dcakep87.jpg" height="167" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/tentang-diorama.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/tentang-diorama.html</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyI09MsBFwVBZy9z1BOB6z_rTkKG5I6iyKVHQ1Drs1WNv1t_OMEfb4HuA2tWfJrQqZKdicqccDqg6LHFiiTR7D6niZ_hG46oGlMVzIC17WcusQ2UNUFTor6-oZK8EBrdzBIDEUBWfmSak/s1600/2013-11-21+20.38.54b_bisaFKM.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyI09MsBFwVBZy9z1BOB6z_rTkKG5I6iyKVHQ1Drs1WNv1t_OMEfb4HuA2tWfJrQqZKdicqccDqg6LHFiiTR7D6niZ_hG46oGlMVzIC17WcusQ2UNUFTor6-oZK8EBrdzBIDEUBWfmSak/s1600/2013-11-21+20.38.54b_bisaFKM.jpg" height="142" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang.html</a></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/konsep-kota-kirangan.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/konsep-kota-kirangan.html</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkNFFmDT-Elkbft6Iw6zVckQPMMI7a_Z7n8YfIH0YQGFvpJUXd4FDRyE49jVjf84whTpIvhYE1i6ih8gQG5y5E0HEyfog164SFOrZeOuIdoUdAtnZ2RvhWiFjtnnJ9VF213HbH8MxNGtI/s1600/2014-01-04+09.10.54c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkNFFmDT-Elkbft6Iw6zVckQPMMI7a_Z7n8YfIH0YQGFvpJUXd4FDRyE49jVjf84whTpIvhYE1i6ih8gQG5y5E0HEyfog164SFOrZeOuIdoUdAtnZ2RvhWiFjtnnJ9VF213HbH8MxNGtI/s1600/2014-01-04+09.10.54c.jpg" height="180" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang.html</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8TpNETb5Eqx1sjO0yDQ7o0QIUvIuwtUf5MHumRYe3TKNqhJ798Ic5qHaRKrXkXhyphenhyphenCxBGz67butKJOn5ReySu8XFC4d1PLVuwrGSO-mQs5sG7LqJ4jAc0a5XO6IpRCT-tMVa3DSqhBIWE/s1600/crop_7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8TpNETb5Eqx1sjO0yDQ7o0QIUvIuwtUf5MHumRYe3TKNqhJ798Ic5qHaRKrXkXhyphenhyphenCxBGz67butKJOn5ReySu8XFC4d1PLVuwrGSO-mQs5sG7LqJ4jAc0a5XO6IpRCT-tMVa3DSqhBIWE/s1600/crop_7.jpg" height="154" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjbaDulU92PNmH31MU-LQDVW35IETGoa_bN_Xay3gaw3d0GUZWdwVI6cUUOuMx9XE20YW2yCgb-r7fAcu2KwW_7-75aC8bOMqUj2YhA_Br1tC6W2z_hZ3uuvPjZAB2aeXNR1P-xIk6-zk/s1600/crop_9b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjbaDulU92PNmH31MU-LQDVW35IETGoa_bN_Xay3gaw3d0GUZWdwVI6cUUOuMx9XE20YW2yCgb-r7fAcu2KwW_7-75aC8bOMqUj2YhA_Br1tC6W2z_hZ3uuvPjZAB2aeXNR1P-xIk6-zk/s1600/crop_9b.jpg" height="145" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/enjoy-living-in-kirangan-place.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/enjoy-living-in-kirangan-place.html</a></td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWItreqVdVDctFU1x-1mbaTXarmSn6Y1FglyoV6RuxdSe9TM3JCx77JIVP0ouDoBcq9sfTUQcTB4KMil7_sIWEseoofu9ri3KUJuNFBw5Oj8SpftSzoS-8SpdIpi0AVVO1UbMBuEUWl3Y/s1600/crop_9e.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWItreqVdVDctFU1x-1mbaTXarmSn6Y1FglyoV6RuxdSe9TM3JCx77JIVP0ouDoBcq9sfTUQcTB4KMil7_sIWEseoofu9ri3KUJuNFBw5Oj8SpftSzoS-8SpdIpi0AVVO1UbMBuEUWl3Y/s1600/crop_9e.jpg" height="143" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfOMLYB-QlC69vO9opmApTOm6YeqtjmhyaQ10UOc_V9zI7t7XKDa5-84Z7kjHufQ_0dSoryjQVO_dZvPQDJaULtCEdDP1guM794PIFVLHGJ6gDRtH-BjTfhQJr7cO-s-Z-VTxFlGsx4jI/s1600/crop_9i.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfOMLYB-QlC69vO9opmApTOm6YeqtjmhyaQ10UOc_V9zI7t7XKDa5-84Z7kjHufQ_0dSoryjQVO_dZvPQDJaULtCEdDP1guM794PIFVLHGJ6gDRtH-BjTfhQJr7cO-s-Z-VTxFlGsx4jI/s1600/crop_9i.jpg" height="153" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">semua model lokomotif menggunakan produksi '<b>AGUNG CRAFT</b>'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
bagi teman-teman yang membutuhkan info seputar penjualan miniatur kereta api dan perlengkapannya, anda dapat meng klik <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/02/pengenalan-lokomotif-uap-lanjutan.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/02/pengenalan-lokomotif-uap-lanjutan.html</a> ada di bagian bawah, setelah anda membaca artikelnya<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVmwpS61g32YedvMjQ4GBrKtpJORMt_kcluT8M7cgwHYdgmzZr6GPySa5Vz6gXdLzmsnVqJRd4tZIyWczRX1K8BIptKMrITkX7Ux1yZBSKtXUrO18WlU4gMce1XCWo_8-zFqJ4fgyCKGQ/s1600/Pascar+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVmwpS61g32YedvMjQ4GBrKtpJORMt_kcluT8M7cgwHYdgmzZr6GPySa5Vz6gXdLzmsnVqJRd4tZIyWczRX1K8BIptKMrITkX7Ux1yZBSKtXUrO18WlU4gMce1XCWo_8-zFqJ4fgyCKGQ/s1600/Pascar+1.jpg" height="140" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">miniatur K3 livery Perumka - red n blue - '<b>AGUNG CRAFT</b>'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">- TERIMAKASIH ATAS KUNJUNGAN ANDA -</span></h2>
<br />Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-8987456660434042632014-02-04T09:50:00.001-08:002014-02-04T23:35:52.826-08:00PENGENALAN LOKOMOTIF UAP LANJUTAN<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>TENTANG LOKOMOTIF CAB FORWARD</b></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">artikel ini adalah lanjutan dari <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/pengenalan-lokomotif-uap.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/pengenalan-lokomotif-uap.html</a></span> </b></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinibRgUeVebW2d2XqOyxkcUwcB7OhhpSGupw2OzSblfqLNxB_X_3XD1tVr-ZxkGrMuY85eicO7ZpiOWGujT3MhUxE8Ti2g6X55oHjtY9zLizROk7R26ZlsnakTZ8fs3i2UbhrS8LYlctw/s1600/BaldwinForwardCabSP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinibRgUeVebW2d2XqOyxkcUwcB7OhhpSGupw2OzSblfqLNxB_X_3XD1tVr-ZxkGrMuY85eicO7ZpiOWGujT3MhUxE8Ti2g6X55oHjtY9zLizROk7R26ZlsnakTZ8fs3i2UbhrS8LYlctw/s1600/BaldwinForwardCabSP.jpg" height="140" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">model miniatur Lokomotif CAB FORWARD Southern Pacific</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Amerika Serikat memang jago membuat terminologi dalam perkeretaapian, sebagaimana pernah kita kenal,
terminologi gerbong ‘<span style="background-color: #741b47;"><span style="color: white;"><b>gondola</b></span></span>’ (sudah saya kupas di <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/pengenalan-rolling-stock.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/pengenalan-rolling-stock.html</a>) dan terminologi lokomotif ‘<span style="background-color: #741b47;"><span style="color: #f3f3f3;"><b>car body unit</b></span></span>’ (silahkan membaca <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yuwes.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yuwes.html</a>), kini
saya mengupas satu terminologi lagi pada lokomotif yaitu ‘<b>cab forward</b>’.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Pada tahun 1910 maskapai ‘Southern Pacific’
mendatangkan lokomotif-lokomotif <b>mallet</b> 2-8-8-2, 4-6-6-2, dan 4-8-8-2 pada
kelas-kelas: MC-2, MC-4 dan MC-6 dengan kabin masinis di depan yang kemudian
dikenal dengan ‘Cab Forward’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Padahal
jauh sebelumnya, pada tahun 1890 – di Perancis - <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DJean_Jacques_Heilmann%26action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1&usg=ALkJrhjE1sqLWJS133iDickhZf_41xpxQw" title="Jean Jacques Heilmann (halaman belum tersedia)">Jean Jacques Heilmann</a>
mempatent kan rancangannya (Prancis № 207.055.) sebuah lokomotif bertenaga
listrik, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan desain meminimalisasi moment
osilasi yang tidak seimbang dan “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hammer
blow</i> "yang disebabkan oleh <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cranked
action</i> dari lokomotif uap mekanis konvensional. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Desainnya menggunakan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">balanced steam engine</i> untuk menggerakkan
lokomotif melalui sebuah transmisi listrik (sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_generator&usg=ALkJrhiAanSSCghN3ZEmEmc2j2JrTvlgQw" title="Generator Listrik">pembangkit listrik</a> yang menggerakkn elektro-motor
melalui pengendalian <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheostat&usg=ALkJrhhtrx86NNQvh084zvN6WvIME1CiQw" title="Rheostat">rheostats</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_switch&usg=ALkJrhiIeU22MZCiX-1rKt4HcQXqNEPLng" title="Saklar listrik">switch</a> ) dengan kabin masinis di depan ! (artikel tentang <b>mallet</b>, dapat anda baca di <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/pengenalan-lokomotif-uap.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/pengenalan-lokomotif-uap.html</a>)</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmEcC0vMd1h2H6hSRh-AwD51AVGqffdFR-NADNfcFoOuAJB9eDAhUmm_LSCRd-nwVGbJgvyBU0-Hunhih5cwLKnzofrHdNvjUR1nXIemQ9TriNEXaJaakK_uOG9bzovsWweBrDopvyDFk/s1600/west_fusee_1893.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmEcC0vMd1h2H6hSRh-AwD51AVGqffdFR-NADNfcFoOuAJB9eDAhUmm_LSCRd-nwVGbJgvyBU0-Hunhih5cwLKnzofrHdNvjUR1nXIemQ9TriNEXaJaakK_uOG9bzovsWweBrDopvyDFk/s1600/west_fusee_1893.jpg" height="198" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">lokomotf CAB FORWARD -Jean Jacques Heilmann dengan teknologi <i>steam-electric</i></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Heilmann ingin menciptakan mesin
khusus cocok untuk kereta api berkecepatan tinggi tanpa biaya tinggi dari
infrastruktur listrik. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Desain pertamanya
terdiri dari trainset dengan mesin uap triple ekspansi (dari 600 hp.) sebuah
Generator, tender dan tiga gerbong. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Generator-nya berkapasitas 480 hp @ 80%
efisiensi yang diharapkan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Seluruh bagian
kereta api berada di bogie, dengan sistem traksi yang didistribusikan oleh 12
gandar motor listrik dalam tiga gerbong. <a href="http://www.aqpl43.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/LOCOLOCO/heilmann/fusee-elec.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.aqpl43.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/LOCOLOCO/heilmann/fusee-elec.jpg</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pada
tahun 1890 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DJean_Jacques_Heilmann%26action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1&usg=ALkJrhjE1sqLWJS133iDickhZf_41xpxQw" title="Jean Jacques Heilmann (halaman belum tersedia)">Jean Jacques Heilmann</a>
mempatent kan rancangannya (Prancis № 207.055.) sebuah lokomotif bertenaga
listrik, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan desain meminimalisasi moment
osilasi yang tidak seimbang dan “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hammer
blow</i> "yang disebabkan oleh <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cranked
action</i> dari lokomotif uap mekanis konvensional. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Desainnya menggunakan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">balanced steam engine</i> untuk menggerakkan lokomotif melalui sebuah transmisi
listrik (sebuah <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_generator&usg=ALkJrhiAanSSCghN3ZEmEmc2j2JrTvlgQw" title="Generator Listrik">pembangkit listrik</a> yang menggerakkan elektro-motor
melalui pengendalian <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheostat&usg=ALkJrhhtrx86NNQvh084zvN6WvIME1CiQw" title="Rheostat">rheostats</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_switch&usg=ALkJrhiIeU22MZCiX-1rKt4HcQXqNEPLng" title="Saklar listrik">switch</a> )</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lokomotif <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang pertama dibuat sesuai desain Heilmann
adalah sebuah prototipe lokomotif uap-listrik, dengan boiler, mesin uap,
generator dan motor yang dirancang-bangun menjadi sebuah lokomotif tunggal, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pekerjaan konstruksinya dimulai dari tahun
1892 dan selesai pada bulan Agustus 1893, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lokomotif ini kemudian diberi nama <i>fusee</i>
(juga dikenal sebagai <i>La fusee ELECTRIQUE;</i> dalam bahasa Inggris: The
Rocket Electric), <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>referensi ke 1830
lokomotif Stephenson " <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_%28locomotive%29&usg=ALkJrhjb21ErFj_l4hQnK-kKXYTcJqlWMg" title="Rocket (lokomotif)"><i>Rocket</i></a> . " </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOeh3ZeIsfYPnT4RncvBZC_Q_XPO300iMlG2B0IG9OneYbR-MsfctFL6xqJUTD8PfeYoNtG9wmJhV6i6p1I8e-bK_6-mVZB93syDnCyho44Xaf-VMcXFLKwYCh3JQA9b0tiDRp1J31iXE/s1600/ouest__la+fusee__2_(1897).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOeh3ZeIsfYPnT4RncvBZC_Q_XPO300iMlG2B0IG9OneYbR-MsfctFL6xqJUTD8PfeYoNtG9wmJhV6i6p1I8e-bK_6-mVZB93syDnCyho44Xaf-VMcXFLKwYCh3JQA9b0tiDRp1J31iXE/s1600/ouest__la+fusee__2_(1897).jpg" height="160" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Heilmann - La fuseé Electrique</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Mesin uap-nya dirancang oleh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Locomotive_and_Machine_Works&usg=ALkJrhhrrHHeVskWtB6CLiqCqMmJnhVC1A" title="Swiss Locomotive dan Machine Works">Swiss Locomotive dan Machine Works</a>
(SLM) di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winterthur&usg=ALkJrhjAY1yhNrqCLrRDYJ8GerJmHY_lsw" title="Winterthur">Winterthur</a> , Swiss.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sementara boiler dibuat oleh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forges_et_Chantiers_de_la_M%25C3%25A9diterran%25C3%25A9e&usg=ALkJrhipClmFQM55cVO1awiCcBoBZhpWyg" title="Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée"><i>Forges et Chantiers de la
Méditerranée</i></a> di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre&usg=ALkJrhhfsLzVqkhYl8JRVBw17kGSiMHkUA" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a> , kemudian peralatan listrik dirancang-bangun oleh
<a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown,_Boveri_%2526_Cie&usg=ALkJrhgefs2sejFkj0iI4fzaSIKgFgstRQ" title="Brown, Boveri & Cie">Brown, Boveri & Compagnie</a> of <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden,_Switzerland&usg=ALkJrhhkNMUM8SIcaHEe9T9OJ5VWdKRIXA" title="Baden, Swiss">Baden, di Swiss</a> , <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Frame lokomotif dan bogie-nya buatan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_de_Materiel_de_Chemins_de_Fer&usg=ALkJrhg_-ktGqpPH0pY4w9fycy3jFuKlGA" title="Compagnie de Materiel de Chemins de Fer">Compagnie de Materiel de
Chemins de Fer</a> . </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lokomotif tersebut memiliki 600-800 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_horsepower&usg=ALkJrhhyWjG0Ip5Qu_i3bHY-EwBqqliQ6A" title="Tenaga kuda metrik">tenaga kuda metrik</a> (440-590 kW) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(@ 300 hingga 400 <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_per_minute&usg=ALkJrhifn9WYFhIXqMIg2lD4x_DkeZS6yw" title="Putaran per menit">rpm</a> ) dua silinder horizontal ber-teknologi <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_steam_engine&usg=ALkJrhj8bqNevUr59Q2cSiJ3rzkgL-mqhQ" title="Mesin uap senyawa">mesin uap </a>compound dengan silinder dipasang
melintang dari 425 milimeter (16,7 in) dan 650 milimeter (26 di ) diameter 300
mm (11 <sup>4/5</sup> in) stroke. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Uap
bertekanan dipasok oleh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentz_boiler&usg=ALkJrhgYRkl--x413cvzYj6A_5j0TDsRQA" title="Lentz boiler">Lentz-jenis boiler</a> , yang beroperasi pada tekanan
atmosfer standar 12,6 (185 lbf / in <sup>2).</sup> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mesin memiliki fixed <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutoff_%28steam_engine%29&usg=ALkJrhhnrCjm1j8_NZXuk_3kXGsg47PkfA" title="Cutoff (mesin uap)">cutoff</a> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tanpa
mekanisme pembalikan, dan tidak ada <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_%28device%29&usg=ALkJrhiTDRHUSgo0ag2volCjlSrXJjAuNA" title="Gubernur (device)"><span style="color: windowtext;">pengatur kecepatan</span></a>
kecuali sebuah perangkat pengaman overspeed sentrifugal.</span></div>
Firebox-nya menggunakan tungku tipe stayless corrugated <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>seluas 2,25<span class="notranslate">m</span>²
(24,2<span class="notranslate"> ft</span>²). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Boiler-nya memiliki total luas permukaan 145<span class="notranslate">m</span>² (1.560<span class="notranslate"> ft</span>²). <a href="http://dht.revues.org/docannexe/image/1788/img-14-small580.jpg" target="_blank">http://dht.revues.org/docannexe/image/1788/img-14-small580.jpg</a><br />
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Pada tanggal 9 Mei 1894, <i>La fusee Electrique</i> membuat uji coba dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_Saint-Lazare&usg=ALkJrhjiuWIXHRCYzaK8ndaIbT_URwcRLw" title="Gare Saint-Lazare">stasiun Saint-Lazare</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris&usg=ALkJrhj4gGu0iBfBHJYCra0xyucRrEGVSA" title="Paris">Paris</a> ke <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Mantes-la-Jolie&usg=ALkJrhhtnuMq5xtmY7u3we8j-pupvcmOkA" title="Gare de Mantes-la-Jolie">Mantes-la-Jolie</a>, menghela kereta yang
terdiri delapan gerbong. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Menempuh jarak
sejauh 53 kilometer (33 mil) perjalanan memperoleh catatan waktu 55 menit. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kecepatan rata-rata 107 kilometer per jam (66
mph) telah dicapai. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Setelah uji coba,
lokomotif menghela kereta layanan reguler kembali ke Paris. <sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Uji coba itu menunjukkan bahwa mesin mengkonsumsi
15% lebih sedikit batubara dari mesin uap konvensional. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ada yang menyebutkan mengendarai Lokomotif <i>La
fusee Electrique</i> dikatakan seperti mengendarai "<a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pullman_%28car_or_coach%29&usg=ALkJrhgMQACuOhHm_o01UamhYVKuiQhu1Q" title="Pullman (mobil atau pelatih)">kereta Pullman</a>" yang
tersohor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kritik terhadap lokomotif adalah bahwa itu
adalah "terlalu rumit, terlalu mahal, terlalu berat". <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Argumen ini akan terulang kembali saat
pengenalan lokomotif diesel elektrik setelah setengah abad kemudian. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lokomotif <i>La fusee Electrique</i> pun
dipensiunkan setelah menempuh sekitar 2.000 kilometer (1.200 mil) dari saat uji
coba. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dua lokomotif besar yang dipesan
untuk percobaan lebih lanjut pada CF de l'Ouest. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>La fusee Electrique</i> kemudian dibongkar
pada tahun 1897, dan bogie nya digunakan untuk dua lokomotif uap-listrik <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0-8-0&usg=ALkJrhgiog9spF584tSMPRAIndfqQgPKhQ" title="0-8-0">0-8-0</a> yang berdinas pada lintasan kereta api bawah tanah sejauh
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4 kilometer ( 2,5 mil) antara <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DGare_de_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_Ouest%26action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1&usg=ALkJrhioVVeQoi5lZCF1KhyW-IeA_ektIQ" title="Gare de Saint-Germain-en-Laye Ouest (halaman belum tersedia)">Saint-Germain
Ouest</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_Grande-Ceinture&usg=ALkJrhjseBnegNyqidwMIb53FfX9SK7ukQ" title="Gare de Saint-Germain-en-Laye Grande-ceinture">Grande-ceinture</a> .<br />
Sebuah model prototipe lokomotif berskala <sup>1/10</sup> yang dibuat pada
tahun 1903 untuk koleksi <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatoire_National_des_Arts_et_M%25C3%25A9tiers&usg=ALkJrhjjzPbt4rHmsQ3pEe-1p44_Xmd-ng" title="Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers">Conservatoire National des
Arts et Métiers</a> , Paris disumbangkan oleh Heilmann.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6Rd0V9EYAYd0WbO7qH6MugKO4R3v_HhAO1eLX2J_oaxHIUmdFAs4BisPQbgICOZeEtmAiMCiKSqtR37ulip-onx2ED7Kg79dCqGZsRjuYESQ-HbGXA28mVl7Pui-0Dwitpc4DG4JDdWo/s1600/ouest__la+fusee__model_(1897).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6Rd0V9EYAYd0WbO7qH6MugKO4R3v_HhAO1eLX2J_oaxHIUmdFAs4BisPQbgICOZeEtmAiMCiKSqtR37ulip-onx2ED7Kg79dCqGZsRjuYESQ-HbGXA28mVl7Pui-0Dwitpc4DG4JDdWo/s1600/ouest__la+fusee__model_(1897).jpg" height="212" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">prototipe desain pertama lokomotif 0-8-0 Jean Jacques Heilmann</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
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<span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada tahun 1897,
dibuatlah dua lokomotif yang lebih besar dari </span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">La Fusée
Electrique</span></i><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Masing-masing bernomor
8001 dan 8002.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kedua l<span class="notranslate">okomotif <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tersebut memakai
tungku standar Belpaire, dengan luas grate 3,34m</span>²<span class="notranslate"> (36,0 ft</span>²<span class="notranslate">). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mesin
uap dibuat oleh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DWillans_and_Robinson%26action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1&usg=ALkJrhjYN1VISK6DItzyl6hFdLjrZ46ufg" title="Willans dan Robinson (halaman belum tersedia)">Willans & Robinson</a>
, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby,_Warwickshire&usg=ALkJrhhhh9TWKmJY6o0_HwNROD6vZWq6aw" title="Rugby, Warwickshire">Rugby</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warwickshire&usg=ALkJrhi9cLgSN9TlI1JtGjiQaGMqdQ0MKA" title="Warwickshire">Warwickshire</a> , <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>di
Inggris. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Boiler memiliki area pemanasan
185.50m</span>²<span class="notranslate"> (1,996.7ft</span>²<span class="notranslate">) dan bekerja pada tekanan atmosfer standar 14 (210 lbf / in <sup>2).</sup></span>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Lokomotif <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tersebut beratnya 124 ton (122 ton panjang).</span>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Penggerak r<span class="notranslate">oda terdapat
dalam dua bogie dengan empat-gandar seperti lokomotif <i>La fusee.</i></span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>D<span class="notranslate">iameter rodanya 1.160
milimeter (3 ft 10 in). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lokomotif memiliki
panjang 28,35 meter (93 ft 0 in), <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lebarnya 2,74 meter (9 ft 0 in) dan ltingginya
4,19 meter (13 ft 9 in). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kapasitas air dalam
boiler adalah 20.000 liter (4.400 imp gal). </span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1H23WAF2dT7XXahpg7C2SzZaPl90Ds2pTfyO12jX-PQssjS_tujy9mOukeW5fbrkOQUkyaZpY8p6yPLYC7ZI1rl6XiheK6P9JAd8UD6H4EFuBQy_L761kuhXd2fPYl04VkAU8Bt3PPrc/s1600/ouest__8001__1_(1897).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1H23WAF2dT7XXahpg7C2SzZaPl90Ds2pTfyO12jX-PQssjS_tujy9mOukeW5fbrkOQUkyaZpY8p6yPLYC7ZI1rl6XiheK6P9JAd8UD6H4EFuBQy_L761kuhXd2fPYl04VkAU8Bt3PPrc/s1600/ouest__8001__1_(1897).jpg" height="113" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">lokomotif la Fusée Electrique 8001</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span class="notranslate"> </span></span><span class="notranslate">Pengujian dilaksanakan tanggal 12 November 1897, menempuh
perjalanan antara <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_Saint-Lazare&usg=ALkJrhjiuWIXHRCYzaK8ndaIbT_URwcRLw" title="Gare Saint-Lazare">Saint-Lazare</a> , Paris dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gare_de_Mantes-la-Jolie&usg=ALkJrhhtnuMq5xtmY7u3we8j-pupvcmOkA" title="Gare de Mantes-la-Jolie">Mantes-la-Jolie</a> pulang~pergi. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Enam hari sesudahnya, pada tanggal 18
November 1897, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>uji coba dilanjutkan
dengan mengangkut 50 ton (49-panjang-ton) beban<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>sejauh 115-kilometer (71 mil) dan kecepatan terus menurun hingga 30
kilometer per jam (19 mph).</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Pada pengujian berikutnya, dengan mengangkut 250 ton
(250-ton-panjang) beban, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mampu mencapai kecepatan
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hingga 100 kilometer per jam (62 mph). </span><br />
<br />
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<span class="notranslate">Perusahaan kereta api lainnya, seperti Ohio River,
Madison & Southern Railway di Amerika Serikat dan Southern Railway di
Rusia, serta satu perusahaan dari Jerman, menunjukkan minat dalam lokomotif tipe
uap-listrik tersebut.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Namun demikian
toh dua lokomotif tersebut menderita nasib yang sama seperti pendahulu mereka.</span>
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="notranslate">Mereka adalah nenek moyang <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel-electric_locomotive&usg=ALkJrhiO5mRz78UjUAv_rkW4aHQ-SW_IQA" title="Lokomotif diesel-listrik">diesel-listrik</a> , dan mereka <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_turbine-electric_locomotive&usg=ALkJrhjycY8vQ9IVRrIMGyzyXOqsSjyJMg" title="Lokomotif turbin listrik Gas">turbin gas</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_turbine_locomotive&usg=ALkJrhgZpGmQIgCcjAqhK9fhV89tai4HRg" title="Lokomotif turbin uap">turbin uap lokomotif</a> yang menggunakan
transmisi listrik.</span></span></b><br />
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4SWVC6M4rXyg6LL7Y8iP90kmPK3hy26iwsBuV0eUPizuZ9piz8wwK5QNaWDC7nVmHSKOH87g2yT5gZ1zU5b2ANVW_GSOBps9VSA_rYI3rx8aND3vA7LzeciZJBb-4yi6msPND5LQVpq0/s1600/ouest__la+fusee__1_(1897).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4SWVC6M4rXyg6LL7Y8iP90kmPK3hy26iwsBuV0eUPizuZ9piz8wwK5QNaWDC7nVmHSKOH87g2yT5gZ1zU5b2ANVW_GSOBps9VSA_rYI3rx8aND3vA7LzeciZJBb-4yi6msPND5LQVpq0/s1600/ouest__la+fusee__1_(1897).jpg" height="212" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">la Fusée Electrique (1897)</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>LOKOMOTIF CAB UNIT SOUTHERN PACIFIC</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> The Sacramento adalah sebuah divisi
dari maskapai Kereta api ‘Southern Pacific’ dengan jalur hampir 150 mil dengan
kemiringan 2,5% <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pada petak Rosevillei
-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sparks di Sierra Nevada.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jalur
ini merupakan bekas jalur ‘Central Pacific Railroad’ di awal transcontinental (artikel tentang 'Central Pacific Railroad', Sacramento dan First Transcontinental Railroad dapat anda baca di <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/sejarah-kereta-api-amerika-yuwes.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/sejarah-kereta-api-amerika-yuwes.html</a>). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lintasan tersebut ada juga hampir 30 km<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>jalur bersalju dan terowongan. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Seiring waktu, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>angkutan kereta api tumbuh semakin panjang, sehingga
dibutuhkan lokomotif yang lebih kuat. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj90bYLIP2WvqNJh9lwv1_nqSZyI5SHCkUqr4fqrQ-TunTwwETDgT4C2QRa_v2UlEloilWtwCh8Fp-0NehEHqzQc8IGtZDD24uYZIWIZ6r-T9YjK3sPi6lSaRsYA8NBuzivgAvcmx9XFx4/s1600/CPRR_Route_Sacr_ProSum.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj90bYLIP2WvqNJh9lwv1_nqSZyI5SHCkUqr4fqrQ-TunTwwETDgT4C2QRa_v2UlEloilWtwCh8Fp-0NehEHqzQc8IGtZDD24uYZIWIZ6r-T9YjK3sPi6lSaRsYA8NBuzivgAvcmx9XFx4/s1600/CPRR_Route_Sacr_ProSum.jpg" height="180" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jalur 'Southern Pacific', dulu milik 'Central Pacific Railroad'</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada tahun <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">1908</b> ‘Southern
Pacific’ memesan dua lokomotif mallet 2-8-8-2 konvensional klasifikasi MC-1
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meniup lapisan atas tumpukan salju. </span></li>
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<br />
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yang diarahkan ke sisi samping),…..namun masalah pertama yang memerlukan penyelesaian
lebih rumit. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada pengiriman berikutnya setelah
pengiriman MC-1, seorang masinis memutuskan untuk tidak memasang deflector namun
akibatnya menjadi sesak napas serta terpapar panas dan bising yang luar biasa. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kemudian ia merubah posisi kabin masinis ke
depan kereta api, dan menjalankan lokomotif mundur mendaki bukit menarik kereta
di belakang. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Di satu sisi hal tersebut
mengurangi masalah untuk asap, namun dirasakan aneh karena mendorong tender
depan mesin dan masinis berada di sisi sinyal yang berlawanan. Meskipun menghadapi
kendala tersebut, masinis lain mulai mengikuti contoh ini. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kemudian didatangkan satu tim insinyur
desain Southern Pacific dengan rencana dan desain untuk lokomotif mallet dengan
kabin masinis di depan, dengan kelas MC-2. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Southern Pacific menggandeng Baldwin langsung
membuat 15 unit lokomotif tersebut tanpa pengujian.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lokomotif tersebut Bernomor 4002-4016, yang
mulai didatangkan pada bulan Februari dan Maret 1910. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mekanik
dan masinis menempati sisi berlawanan dari kabin sehingga seolah menjalankan
"mundur" bila berada di sisi biasa. </span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTO0V9BaM14aL2EIBtujF6zJsfLlCsQt3Pedp_EF1WWcWaSAUgBD__lsGr1nO-MZRkLD44c9YgPfr0ga6oBj8_b4JI9aDmdIhyphenhyphen3SjLe0T2ceQ8fhoGnRCxkROZr_wy1nbNMUCXVWtLDaU/s1600/Bald_SouthernPac.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTO0V9BaM14aL2EIBtujF6zJsfLlCsQt3Pedp_EF1WWcWaSAUgBD__lsGr1nO-MZRkLD44c9YgPfr0ga6oBj8_b4JI9aDmdIhyphenhyphen3SjLe0T2ceQ8fhoGnRCxkROZr_wy1nbNMUCXVWtLDaU/s1600/Bald_SouthernPac.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">miniatur CAB FORWARD 'Southern Pacific'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Cab Forward adalah nama jenis
lokomotif yang khas dari Southern Pacific. Mereka kadang-kadang juga disebut
"Cab-in-front" atau "Backup Mallies" (meskipun, secara
teknis, hanya beberapa kelas pertama adalah benar-benar mallet). <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivjH-Ed3qhdIondDjCFTJBD_uzBLeJeteNedGwuu823HGl17LdodWRlvnwp45jIgnz_FwykKQUcliTUKsbwuYZX68QxK8dtAoKdkEqlIME8Xie7DsPnVUXuD90zX64R1dufgOBT5pE3H0/s1600/Internet+Explorer+Wallpaper.bmp" target="_blank">https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivjH-Ed3qhdIondDjCFTJBD_uzBLeJeteNedGwuu823HGl17LdodWRlvnwp45jIgnz_FwykKQUcliTUKsbwuYZX68QxK8dtAoKdkEqlIME8Xie7DsPnVUXuD90zX64R1dufgOBT5pE3H0/s1600/Internet+Explorer+Wallpaper.bmp </a></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGBG0Q5YI6y5CSjpJ-t9KFJy16RfTs-sVtAvWr3yWHZrR6T5BHSEbES802T8JsdFvkVHuZWn8iDgHkUX90oQJPWp65fmd7b_JUw7FNPWiYs0dZS1ZuO5S7rN2i6R9Ibj01lXd6OFlYHiA/s1600/BaldwinForwardCabSP_re(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGBG0Q5YI6y5CSjpJ-t9KFJy16RfTs-sVtAvWr3yWHZrR6T5BHSEbES802T8JsdFvkVHuZWn8iDgHkUX90oQJPWp65fmd7b_JUw7FNPWiYs0dZS1ZuO5S7rN2i6R9Ibj01lXd6OFlYHiA/s1600/BaldwinForwardCabSP_re(2).jpg" height="212" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cab Forward 2-8-82</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut buku
definitif tentang Cab Forward<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>(Cab
Forward yang luarbiasa </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">dari</span>
George Harlan), tidak ada kereta api lain di dunia memiliki lokomotif seperti
mereka. Saat ini di dunia miniatur kereta api hanya didominasi model lokomotif 'cab forward' dari Southern Pacific Amerika Serikat, sehingga seolah-olah CAB FORWARD dipimpin oleh Amerika Serikat. Padahal di negara-negara lain juga memiliki lokomotif Cab Forward, meskipun banyak di antaranya merupakan 'kegagalan produksi' seperti lokomotif </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">La Fusée
Electrique </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">di atas</span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">yang justru merupakan <b>nenek moyang lokomotif diesel elektrik yang sekarang kita kenal</b></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">- </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">beberapa</span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">contoh lokomotif CAB FORWARD dari negara lain di beberapa periode waktu adalah :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilGGT5CtY0GmDvRsbD3dPDgHlyRpRfMWKTjEr78VudyCcGzsq0nP1XpiIZBG8EVj1Evvb8-WiphNS9CZKEcQWR1CPrzs0U7BunMCfFybilKIYmM_OCAPvNnM-Xhn04bm3zuy1qSRzgwpw/s1600/drg_05_003Jerman1935.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilGGT5CtY0GmDvRsbD3dPDgHlyRpRfMWKTjEr78VudyCcGzsq0nP1XpiIZBG8EVj1Evvb8-WiphNS9CZKEcQWR1CPrzs0U7BunMCfFybilKIYmM_OCAPvNnM-Xhn04bm3zuy1qSRzgwpw/s1600/drg_05_003Jerman1935.jpg" height="106" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lokomotif DRG (Deutsche Reichsbahn Gesellschaft) 05-003 Jerman (1935)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaU2wNgrLU_ZUchCF2W95sEiabuoRP3jm3aba-EXL7Q4Z4BWa-AAruqa2KHsCnA-EG29M4Ldjla5uEQwhj5RbOZlmLDGQjJhc9fdfRIaaq3WbU53miglTQJmzFVVjywWp9IJ7GgIOW9t4/s1600/thuile__1(1900).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaU2wNgrLU_ZUchCF2W95sEiabuoRP3jm3aba-EXL7Q4Z4BWa-AAruqa2KHsCnA-EG29M4Ldjla5uEQwhj5RbOZlmLDGQjJhc9fdfRIaaq3WbU53miglTQJmzFVVjywWp9IJ7GgIOW9t4/s1600/thuile__1(1900).jpg" height="143" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lokomotif 'Thuile' 6-4-6 rancangan Monsieur Thiule dari Mesir untuk <b>Chemins de fer de l'État</b> (1900)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz5c6z22GxC7koCy7P9raQpar0doultDZm-CiZCrGC8wx3NStIfcFc4hcdsIVp4Az9Kz7KoGanYqTMxJCvDy5En7ggCvZywkfdTElKRn2Jomi26D6YvEqa6wAWlsd7VvUf7LjffgWVxro/s1600/mucca(Italia+CabFwd)1905.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz5c6z22GxC7koCy7P9raQpar0doultDZm-CiZCrGC8wx3NStIfcFc4hcdsIVp4Az9Kz7KoGanYqTMxJCvDy5En7ggCvZywkfdTElKRn2Jomi26D6YvEqa6wAWlsd7VvUf7LjffgWVxro/s1600/mucca(Italia+CabFwd)1905.jpg" height="86" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">model-lokomotif 'Ferrovia de lo Stato' - Mucca Italia (1905)</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBNG5LWEpcpww7qoVaneAhi9JOYdRY318NTc_TibCyxrAkUNAsDtht3clCAOLMo-Vk-wwDw6U8Bq9VnLMeZfPJIrpUYaUTMIahhSFPNFq2S66XiOTtbs2LLIO4I3eChFmXhIiFShRDEsw/s1600/mucca4_GR672_It_CabFwd.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBNG5LWEpcpww7qoVaneAhi9JOYdRY318NTc_TibCyxrAkUNAsDtht3clCAOLMo-Vk-wwDw6U8Bq9VnLMeZfPJIrpUYaUTMIahhSFPNFq2S66XiOTtbs2LLIO4I3eChFmXhIiFShRDEsw/s1600/mucca4_GR672_It_CabFwd.jpg" height="148" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mucca 4 GR672 - Ferrovia de lo Stato - Italia</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguQBvXppBdc2nu5LgnDwuk5QdnkxgAnMxzjf6ZRseiTRIDVZYIgXk_o7-DulbV9UcaNS_Il2Qfd0XKeU_vOiWf6uOBUIpBa92RiCh_xfZMKJrq4uTqrDb9s2HoE1nEtIQnVXPmSgWIz0U/s1600/mucca5017It_CabFwd.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguQBvXppBdc2nu5LgnDwuk5QdnkxgAnMxzjf6ZRseiTRIDVZYIgXk_o7-DulbV9UcaNS_Il2Qfd0XKeU_vOiWf6uOBUIpBa92RiCh_xfZMKJrq4uTqrDb9s2HoE1nEtIQnVXPmSgWIz0U/s1600/mucca5017It_CabFwd.jpg" height="153" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mucca 5017 - Ferrovia de lo Stato - Italia</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh848w0aLPaSQyYzGWLl4AvNFVM0Q9_BE0r4FbUdyU5NzNJybal0zQWcTx0Bl-0dle9l5RadKuVS7Jh3trNl7k3BRFq-ZJCZLOLl8QbF2haJSA9syh4wHvk26WXEizkB6yf_gipdl5NaS0/s1600/szd__v-5__1__1Rus_CabFwd_comb_dieProp(1937).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh848w0aLPaSQyYzGWLl4AvNFVM0Q9_BE0r4FbUdyU5NzNJybal0zQWcTx0Bl-0dle9l5RadKuVS7Jh3trNl7k3BRFq-ZJCZLOLl8QbF2haJSA9syh4wHvk26WXEizkB6yf_gipdl5NaS0/s1600/szd__v-5__1__1Rus_CabFwd_comb_dieProp(1937).jpg" height="141" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lokomotif diesel - uap dari Rusia SZD V5-1 (1937)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB_uz7VZ_Sdo6U3t3hYydpyaAoryZhBuiiF0K1CDqEdNRIM6IHuJZoP0cDcpJvCbgiWp0Cr_e-uG7vtteuaupb7UiinUVVgYHQhrk_pu_an6M4AlAsp11KSX7Gw1g1HOETr6gK3qwYwDM/s1600/sncf_230e93_1(CABforwd)1938.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB_uz7VZ_Sdo6U3t3hYydpyaAoryZhBuiiF0K1CDqEdNRIM6IHuJZoP0cDcpJvCbgiWp0Cr_e-uG7vtteuaupb7UiinUVVgYHQhrk_pu_an6M4AlAsp11KSX7Gw1g1HOETr6gK3qwYwDM/s1600/sncf_230e93_1(CABforwd)1938.jpg" height="161" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lokomotif SNCF 230e93-1 (1938)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: #660000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Selanjutnya mengingat banyaknya pertanyaan seputar penjualan miniatur kereta api, sekedar informasi : </span></b></span></span><br />
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Dewasa ini hobby Kereta api
miniatur di tanah air menunjukkan perkembangan yang cukup signifikan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pada masa kini, perkembangan miniatur kereta api di
Indonesia (selanjutnya disebut ‘<b>kamod</b>’), merupakan hobby dengan diversitas yang
cukup tinggi, serta memiliki nilai bisnis yang cukup bagus <i><b>apabila dikelola
dengan baik</b></i>.</div>
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<i><b>Kamod</b></i> di Indonesia merupakan
hobby yang bersifat khusus, karena para penjual yang melayani hobby ini
(selanjutnya disebut ‘seller’) hanya dijumpai di kota-kota besar dan di tempat
khusus.</div>
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Karena seller yang bersifat
khusus seperti tersebut di atas, maka para pelaku hobby Kereta model di
Indonesia (untuk selanjutnya disebut ‘kamoder’), pada umumnya berinteraksi
dengan <b>seller</b> di dunia maya (online),</div>
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Hobby kereta model merupakan
hobby dengan spesifikasi, artinya seorang pehobby harus menetapkan pilihan,
seperti halnya seorang di depan loket stasiun yang harus menetapkan arah tujuan
perjalanannya,...tidak ada perjalanan yang 'sembarang', tidak ada perjalanan
yang 'terserah' atau tidak ada perjalanan yang 'suka-suka', harus ditentukan,
maka tumbuhnya beberapa kelompok kamoder di Indonesia merupakan keniscayaan dan
oleh karenanya hal itu menjadi kewajaran.</div>
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Kamod merupakan hobby keluarga
yang selain memberikan hiburan, juga memberi edukasi.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kamod merupakan hobby yang relatif aman
(bandingkan dengan hobby yang lain seperti : modifikasi automotif, motor
touring, air soft gun, arung jeram, panjat tebing, mount biking, futsal,
bulutangkis, drag race, freestyling)</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sebelum anda memulai hobby ini, ada baiknya anda membaca sejenak mengenai dasar-dasar miniatur kereta api, bagaimanapun juga hobby ini, bukan seperti hobby bulutangkis yang tinggal pukul dan lari, anda bisa membaca tentang skala <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/skala-gauge.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/skala-gauge.html</a>, dan di <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/skala-pada-miniatur-kereta-api-di.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/skala-pada-miniatur-kereta-api-di.html</a> - kemudian tentang 'rolling stock' pada miniatur kereta api dapat anda simak di <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/pengenalan-rolling-stock.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/pengenalan-rolling-stock.html</a> - kemudian mengenai macam-macam 'curve' dapat anda baca di <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/curve-pada-skala-ho.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/curve-pada-skala-ho.html</a> serta masih banyak lagi artikel mengenai sejarah yang sangat berhubungan dengan hobby yang akan anda tekuni, informasi tentang penjual (<b>seller kamod - sebagaimana pada catatan di atas</b>) anda dapat menghubungi para seller melalui akun Facebook mereka, atau mengunjungi website (alamat - situs) untuk mengetahui secara detail di mana lokasi para seller tersebut. Kebanyakan <b>seller kamod </b>berada di wilayah Jabodetabek, meskipun ada pula yang di kota Bandung dan di Surabaya, mereka adalah :</span></div>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/joedy.trainshobbycom?fref=ts" target="_blank">https://www.facebook.com/joedy.trainshobbycom?fref=ts </a> <span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">(akun Facebook)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">dengan alamat situs <a href="http://pinguinstrainshobby.com/" target="_blank">http://pinguinstrainshobby.com/ </a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/robert.hartanto.7?fref=ts" target="_blank">https://www.facebook.com/robert.hartanto.7?fref=ts </a> (akun Facebook - lokasi : Bandung)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Siabelio-Spoor-Shop/267178439980489" target="_blank">https://www.facebook.com/pages/Siabelio-Spoor-Shop/267178439980489</a> (akun Facebook)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.yellowpages.co.id/directory/anthonys-hobby-shop" target="_blank">http://www.yellowpages.co.id/directory/anthonys-hobby-shop</a> (alamat Yellowpages) </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.bios-shop.net/" target="_blank">http://www.bios-shop.net/ </a> (alamat situs)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/shopbios?filter=1" target="_blank">https://www.facebook.com/shopbios?filter=1 </a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">(halaman Facebook)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/ary.diecast?fref=ts" target="_blank">https://www.facebook.com/ary.diecast?fref=ts</a></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(akun Facebook)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/tokoasli.originale?fref=ts" target="_blank">https://www.facebook.com/tokoasli.originale?fref=ts</a> (akun Facebook Gianclaudio di Bari_Italia)</span><br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.tokokeretaapi.com/" target="_blank">http://www.tokokeretaapi.com/ </a>(alamat situs) </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://dhionprasetya.wordpress.com/" target="_blank">http://dhionprasetya.wordpress.com/ </a>(alamat blog)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.jualkeretamodel.com/" target="_blank">http://www.jualkeretamodel.com/</a> (alamat situs - lokasi : Surabaya)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://www.tokokereta.com/" target="_blank">http://www.tokokereta.com/ </a>(alamat situs - lokasi : Matraman - Jakarta)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">dan masih banyak lagi yang lainnya yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu per satu di halaman ini, mengenai harga miniatur kereta api bervariasi, untuk model <b>lokomotif</b> yang <b>motorized </b>(ber-mesin, digerakkan oleh pengendali, dengan tenaga arus listrik bukan batterai) berada pada kisaran 700ribu hingga 50juta rupiah, <b>tergantung pada sistem dan kelengkapannya</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Untuk gerbong, berada pada kisaran harga 100rb hingga 4juta rupiah, <b>tergantung pada sistem dan kelengkapannya </b>(umumnya gerbong barang lebih murah dari gerbong kereta penumpang/ passenger car)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Untuk <b>dummy</b> miniatur kereta api Indonesia anda dapat menghubungi juga produsen dummy <i><span style="font-size: large;">miniatur kereta api lokal (Indonesia)</span></i> di akun Facebook <a href="https://www.facebook.com/joseph.widjaya?fref=ts" target="_blank">https://www.facebook.com/joseph.widjaya?fref=ts</a> <b>DUMMY</b> merupakan model yang tidak bergerak otomatis (<i>non-motorized</i>)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: magenta;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">- terimakasih telah mengunjungi halaman ini -</span></b></span></span></span></div>
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Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-25833336337001012432014-02-03T06:39:00.003-08:002014-02-07T00:09:26.270-08:00MINIATUR KERETA API, SEJARAH DAN LEGENDA<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">MINIATUR KERETA API DAN SEJARAH</span></h2>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">M</span>eskipun pada waktu sekolah kita menerima pelajaran
sejarah, namun tak mudah menyerap semua pengetahuan sejarah sekaligus hanya
dalam lintasan waktu kurang dari sepuluh tahun efektif.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Miniatur Kereta Api dalam pandangan saya
merupakan sebuah sarana yang cukup efektif untuk memperkenalkan sejarah kebudayaan
bangsa, baik bangsa Indonesia maupun mancanegara.</span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfu-18rgs2rCiiRk1ezSWMYZfOchbw1EB1IyO3Fb2iajcc6gOfDrd-T4WeMF5Vt-R_A5zdhtRN4uvpf5R7iiTVwObO1G25F7BU7ElnG3kZu5zydv0kr8qOrieGciYlYR9Bxm1kXcswU7w/s1600/2014-01-04+09.10.54c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfu-18rgs2rCiiRk1ezSWMYZfOchbw1EB1IyO3Fb2iajcc6gOfDrd-T4WeMF5Vt-R_A5zdhtRN4uvpf5R7iiTVwObO1G25F7BU7ElnG3kZu5zydv0kr8qOrieGciYlYR9Bxm1kXcswU7w/s1600/2014-01-04+09.10.54c.jpg" height="180" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">miniatur, perkenalan kepada sejarah dan kebudayaan</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> untuk melihat lebih jauh tentang kota 'Kirangan', anda dipersilahkan meng klik <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/enjoy-living-in-kirangan-place.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/enjoy-living-in-kirangan-place.html</a> dan ke <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang.html</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Produsen (baca : Pabrik) miniatur kereta api di
dunia, tidak membuat semua jenis model kereta api yang ada di muka bumi, yang
pernah dibuat oleh manusia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Karena itu
macamnya bisa mencapai ribuan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Kereta-kereta api yang di-modelkan adalah kereta-kereta yang sangat populer
(mewakili zamannya), kereta yang melegenda atau kereta yang memiliki nilai
history.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUMfXsc9QL_bQInjP6mzSC-Fqi_1xjVubx4JSaUsTM1gwmB7AFeVTR1h3zn8M1sdRiwJnf071PQw_OgDMXAy1yIXAGg-eVMszWWQX5HUiG6eptkwOjXFe1CIqQdgqtL5iXR3vRvUrRdHg/s1600/Br_228_text.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUMfXsc9QL_bQInjP6mzSC-Fqi_1xjVubx4JSaUsTM1gwmB7AFeVTR1h3zn8M1sdRiwJnf071PQw_OgDMXAy1yIXAGg-eVMszWWQX5HUiG6eptkwOjXFe1CIqQdgqtL5iXR3vRvUrRdHg/s1600/Br_228_text.jpg" height="112" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">salah satu contoh miniatur lokomotif kereta api yang populer pada masanya</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bermain kereta api miniatur memang tidak sekedar
bersenang-senang, karena ada unsur edukasi di dalamnya.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kereta api sendiri sesungguhnya merupakan
sebuah ‘agen sejarah’, karena benda mati tersebut bukan hanya membawa orang
atau barang dari satu tempat menuju tempat yang lainnya, namun juga membawa
berjuta kepingan sejarah, melintasi lorong zaman.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ada rentang waktu di mana moda transportasi darat
bernama: ‘kereta api’ sangat menguasai hajat hidup orang banyak, di seluruh
dunia, bahkan hingga saat ini, kecuali di Indonesia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Negara kita termasuk Negara yang memiliki
jaringan kereta api paling awal (karena mendahului Jepang dan negara-negara di Asia pada umumnya - kecuali <b>India</b>), namun
kini orang Indonesia terlanjur tersesat (atau keblinger) dengan angkutan
transportasi pribadinya masing-masing.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOon6jzr22E4OAWSPsikWW6ObzY0JRLs4PSHQKgcYonWGDWI9MlVJIHrb1oVSDTFUgAAxYZqTBoVCiCDZu-pbVnIXtREEvV_WK0KN06bU46fsJ87J6xnlZ9MD7GryQuWLysX3dKYp7Y2c/s1600/rel_sangar(Dublin).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOon6jzr22E4OAWSPsikWW6ObzY0JRLs4PSHQKgcYonWGDWI9MlVJIHrb1oVSDTFUgAAxYZqTBoVCiCDZu-pbVnIXtREEvV_WK0KN06bU46fsJ87J6xnlZ9MD7GryQuWLysX3dKYp7Y2c/s1600/rel_sangar(Dublin).jpg" height="320" width="227" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">di luar negeri kereta api dan sarana transportasi massal berbasis rel, masih menjadi primadona</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Situasi Politik, ekonomi, sosial serta kebudayaan
masing-masing bangsa turut mewarnai perkembangan perilaku ber-kereta api.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Melalui jendela kereta api kita menengok
peradaban, dan melalui miniatur kereta api, kita menghadirkannya dalam dunia yang
mini, namun meaningful.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Berbincang tentang kereta api di Indonesia misalnya,
tidak akan bisa dilepaskan dari sejarah kereta api zaman Hindia Belanda
(Nederland Indië <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>menurut ejaan Belanda
yang baru, yang lama : Nederlandsch Indische). – Berbicara tentang kereta api
Belanda, tidak bisa terlepas dari kereta api Jerman, sebagai pelopor
perkeretaapian di Eropa (Barat) – Berbicara tentang kereta api Jerman, tidak
bisa terlepas dari sejarah yang lebih luas, tentang Perang Dunia, tentang
Hitler, tentang Holocaust, tentang tembok Berlin dan seterusnya.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Apalagi kebanyakan miniatur kereta api dunia adalah model-model kereta
api Jerman.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs1M-xa3TGRUrE7i9TNmB08T39EYcKejrD8UTCZ3Bi4a5nTkJNpizruuriEdYx-8TZzc4OnHfjkliC6kRgwRxQ_ENNTQm1v9D14GZH9BQjMGZIUIqRGOMf14VrHQfRwdQbABh5Rr6-pz0/s1600/Auschwitz-Gate-Gold-Teeth-Jews-Marco-Evaristti.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs1M-xa3TGRUrE7i9TNmB08T39EYcKejrD8UTCZ3Bi4a5nTkJNpizruuriEdYx-8TZzc4OnHfjkliC6kRgwRxQ_ENNTQm1v9D14GZH9BQjMGZIUIqRGOMf14VrHQfRwdQbABh5Rr6-pz0/s1600/Auschwitz-Gate-Gold-Teeth-Jews-Marco-Evaristti.jpg" height="180" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">miniatur gerbang kamp konsentrasi Auschwitz dan rel kereta api pada masa 'holocaust'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjphhrJSZmCZ0tT8hlgtKKkiheEk8jyCZXokXA3z3G0Yyefic0JmIJsdR2swwZ_Ln-5V15-HKYiybGOJ7vV9JlavRZmXeUVSUVghTcxLgKthuyqgJtmiRjzZ81FNoyDPyqAIjMvgC_MtTY/s1600/Auschwitz.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjphhrJSZmCZ0tT8hlgtKKkiheEk8jyCZXokXA3z3G0Yyefic0JmIJsdR2swwZ_Ln-5V15-HKYiybGOJ7vV9JlavRZmXeUVSUVghTcxLgKthuyqgJtmiRjzZ81FNoyDPyqAIjMvgC_MtTY/s1600/Auschwitz.jpg" height="160" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Auschwitz - sejarah kemanusiaan sepanjang rel kereta</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam sejarah kereta api kita, tentu tidak asing
dengan kereta api legenda : BIMA (Biru Malam) dan di negara Eropa, memiliki
banyak kereta api legendaris yang telah dimodelkan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZMB08PCAzTfNwMv8sBHnAqR9g6XlqfnxsIccF2Gx2C4mj56rYhpgbuJpTu3PQrvPvHDtog6haABBo8FD3eMLJCs1jPvxUtrrhGPDXYnYDwq4mdtVSdKxVjmGLXX690mqYpDoYfxzflHO2/s320/BB30104_Bima_SGU.jpg" target="_blank">https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZMB08PCAzTfNwMv8sBHnAqR9g6XlqfnxsIccF2Gx2C4mj56rYhpgbuJpTu3PQrvPvHDtog6haABBo8FD3eMLJCs1jPvxUtrrhGPDXYnYDwq4mdtVSdKxVjmGLXX690mqYpDoYfxzflHO2/s320/BB30104_Bima_SGU.jpg </a></span>Konsep layanan Kereta api legendaris tanah
air : BIMA (Biru Malam) mengingatkan pada salah satu layanan Staatssporwegen
yang cukup populer : ‘Java Nacht Express’ yang diresmikan operasinya pada
tanggal 1 November 1936 untuk relasi Batavia~Soerabaja, dan mengingatkan pula
pada salah satu kereta ‘Wagon Lits’ (CIWL) yang cukup populer : Le Train Bleu
yang berjalan dengan relasi : Paris ~ Calais(Perancis Selatan) dalam semalam
menggunakan kereta CIWL.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Le Train Bleu
ini diopersionalkan oleh perusahaan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Chemins
de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Le Train Bleu juga memiliki arti ‘Kereta Biru’
yang dicat warna biru dan berjalan sepanjang malam di Perancis.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKC4Dm3XU8fwlMGVhF9pJ7FLw64HdIWaYVQAOvHRmLZ1ohku4WNC9A0ZeOvOkhB0ztPl6kRRqx9wrBVczN5MLvLY3DaiuDgodi_H0U7-geSJpOhcAx-U-iBjHtFoE-dNE99OvnYph11s4/s1600/java+nacht_express.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKC4Dm3XU8fwlMGVhF9pJ7FLw64HdIWaYVQAOvHRmLZ1ohku4WNC9A0ZeOvOkhB0ztPl6kRRqx9wrBVczN5MLvLY3DaiuDgodi_H0U7-geSJpOhcAx-U-iBjHtFoE-dNE99OvnYph11s4/s1600/java+nacht_express.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">interior slaaprijtuig 'Java Nacht Express'</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifrvp5P6sGimmIs_hGl4lutuiAJY-I10YX2D5TwSI1B9NSHQ0JMsbzJolEeWTMGYMHkMxiQE0hkmQeHmxU7VEfH7w86G6aoSYRNHVIjwyv9YkYuszK0Y3V0TJH3zygrPSidtPC7tHn-o8/s1600/bentley_train-bleu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifrvp5P6sGimmIs_hGl4lutuiAJY-I10YX2D5TwSI1B9NSHQ0JMsbzJolEeWTMGYMHkMxiQE0hkmQeHmxU7VEfH7w86G6aoSYRNHVIjwyv9YkYuszK0Y3V0TJH3zygrPSidtPC7tHn-o8/s1600/bentley_train-bleu.jpg" height="212" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">kereta 'Wagon Lits' (CIWL) : Le Train Bleu (Paris ~ Calais)</td></tr>
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<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b> KERETA API LEGENDARIS 'RHEINGOLD'</b></span></span></h3>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Rheingold</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> adalah nama layanan </span><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sandbox=0&sl=auto&tl=id&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxuszug&usg=ALkJrhgBhAf5zq-Ka59XtWTikT007qCvMg" title="Luxury kereta"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">kereta mewah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> dari </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sandbox=0&sl=auto&tl=id&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft&usg=ALkJrhghCaW5JdME6GVyb4qxrJ3cfKJXrQ" title="German State Railroad Company"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Deutsche Gesellschaft Reichsbahn-</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> dan
<u>Trans-Europ Express_</u> dari </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sandbox=0&sl=auto&tl=id&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Bundesbahn&usg=ALkJrhi8Rz6z8zcXa2ZYH1zCPantvnAHXA" title="Federal Jerman Railroad"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Deutsche</span></a> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bundesbahn</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> , yang berangkat dari stasiun </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sandbox=0&sl=auto&tl=id&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoek_van_Holland&usg=ALkJrhiZ4ow7cs5VTrWjlNZqV6ZAVg2rVA" title="Hoek van Holland"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Hoek van Holland</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> di </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sandbox=0&sl=auto&tl=id&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam&usg=ALkJrhiuRjq1TE5mgvYMA1IWVT-ARgWQlg" title="Amsterdam"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Amsterdam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> menyusuri perjalanan
sepanjang sungai Rhein di </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sandbox=0&sl=auto&tl=id&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schweiz&usg=ALkJrhjo1-PjP1cth289_gd83Oh0PxMHlQ" title="Swiss"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Swiss</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">. </span></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Rheingold</span></i></b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">
(Rhinegold)</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> adalah </span><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famous_trains&usg=ALkJrhh6LLu3seFY-fdj9wY51sdBHkibew" title="Kereta Terkenal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">kereta yang terkenal</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> yang beroperasi
antara </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoek_van_Holland&usg=ALkJrhj-illCT8dCkWw91zeagpqwWWsBHQ" title="Hoek van Holland"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Hoek van Holland</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> , dekat </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam&usg=ALkJrhiyRjBd6GWlGk5dwfLNxnXbuc1Yaw" title="Rotterdam"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Rotterdam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> , dan </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva&usg=ALkJrhhOFsc_az9aoqsbvu1_9bZcQtt2Xg" title="Jenewa"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jenewa</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> , Swiss (atau </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basel&usg=ALkJrhjPO0Qde7k_VObWHF6drX-kmqOrdw" title="Basel"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Basel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> sebelum 1965), menempuh jarak
sejauh 1.067 kilometer (663 mil), sampai dengan tahun 1987. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sementara itu, kereta yang berangkat dari </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam&usg=ALkJrhgEnN3r0ncI7sLvDu2WFjVl4_XMWA" title="Amsterdam"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Amsterdam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> dan digabungkan ke kereta
yang dari Hoek van Holland di </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utrecht&usg=ALkJrhjPmQq7vAC_PdGVw55hwIi8RqpJJw" title="Utrecht"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Utrecht</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> . Kereta api <i>Rheingold</i> menempuh
perjalanannya menyusuri sepanjang </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhine_River&usg=ALkJrhgERkEr10lV6oG__R8MqzfSsiZ9JA" title="Rhine River"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sungai Rhine</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> melalui </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnhem,_Netherlands&usg=ALkJrhiY04erGu9EfkuiY0woTbGnz5t3GA" title="Arnhem, Belanda"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Arnhem, Belanda</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> , dan K</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">öln</span> (<a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cologne,_Germany&usg=ALkJrhgy6Lmt27Z7n6bv_MDeVG9yUgjuQg" title="Cologne, Jerman"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Cologne, Jerman</span></a>)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> , menggunakan gerbong
kereta mewah khusus. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Penamaan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Rheingold’ terpengaruh pada popularitas
romantisme opera ‘Das Rheingold’ </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Wagner&usg=ALkJrhjWKgExF0qfoJ_Z6UPH6KSIZaCxtQ" title="Richard Wagner"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">(Richard Wagner</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dari tahun 1965 sampai berakhirnya perjalanan
kereta api Rheingold di tahun 1987, hanya <i>Rheingold</i> satu-satunya kereta kelas
utama </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_Europ_Express&usg=ALkJrhimkt27QRRoGOp9Yr41pCNr1qqtNQ" title="Trans Europ ekspres"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Trans Europ ekspres</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">.</span><span style="font-family: "MS Shell Dlg 2","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.5pt;"></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKsxqXebrbXWk285blF2IsLS1nXQFbP9Rm9eoXciCGF-6NsF-3o25AVQBDeFfwUnr52AP6itzqEKUj1Q974U9U4pKrzj81XWxd_NPXOd9LQwNvLB-vKSV_YvNKt7_Ys1sWJKNy3lcn8tw/s1600/HOEK+VAN+HOLLAND_station.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKsxqXebrbXWk285blF2IsLS1nXQFbP9Rm9eoXciCGF-6NsF-3o25AVQBDeFfwUnr52AP6itzqEKUj1Q974U9U4pKrzj81XWxd_NPXOd9LQwNvLB-vKSV_YvNKt7_Ys1sWJKNy3lcn8tw/s1600/HOEK+VAN+HOLLAND_station.jpg" height="207" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stasiun Hoek van Hollad di dekat kanal Rotterdam</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Kereta api Rheingold, pertama kali diberangkatkan pada
tanggal 15 Mei 1928 merupakan kereta api </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Fernschnellzüge (kereta super cepat
jarak jauh/</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">FD Rheingold</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maskapai kereta
api Republik Demokratik Jerman (Reichsbahn) menghadapi pesaingnya dalam kancah transportasi
: Belanda-Swiss 1928 juga mengakomodasi rute-rute Jerman dengan </span><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sandbox=0&sl=auto&tl=id&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pullmanzug&usg=ALkJrhjtmvxDMOe-UHT_0SjhgQxILlxDYQ" title="Pullman"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pullman</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sandbox=0&sl=auto&tl=id&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edelweiss_%28Zug%29&usg=ALkJrhhNIlBXngJs4v-43_YFSv0fIVvvGQ" title="Edelweiss (kereta api)"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Edelweiss</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> dari </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sandbox=0&sl=auto&tl=id&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_Internationale_des_Wagons-Lits&usg=ALkJrhg2tfnMzmELgO7LAujX1zM4PVGYfg" title="Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">CIWL</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> dari Amsterdam melalui Brussels, Luksemburg dan Strasbourg
ke Swiss. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dalam rangka menghadapi
competitor kereta-kereta Pullman milik CIWL, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kereta-kereta FD Rheingold juga mengikuti
prinsip Pullman khususnya posisi duduk yang sangat nyaman dalam kompartemen
individual pada kelas utama dengan kursi yang cukup longgar</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sebagaimana gerbong-gerbong kereta Pullman (CIWL),
maka kereta Rheingold dilengkapi pula dengan layanan makanan dan minuman untuk memanjakan
wisatawan dalam kereta dengan dapur, yang juga mendatangkan keluhan di mana uap
memasak yang mengganggu ke kursi penumpang.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Selain itu,
Rheingold juga dilengkapi dengan kereta-kereta bagasi. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Interior kereta telah dirancang oleh seniman
ternama dan arsitek dengan pengaruh gaya dari Bauhaus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Konstruksi kereta api dirancang bangun oleh </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sandbox=0&sl=auto&tl=id&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waggon-_und_Maschinenbau&usg=ALkJrhjuPZAzjyXkQloIqPcTCxma4E__BQ" title="Wagon dan mesin"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">WUMAG</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> (wagon dan Maschinenbau AG) di </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sandbox=0&sl=auto&tl=id&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%25C3%25B6rlitz&usg=ALkJrhgy6z5fsYOI4x4BQY72ecO4Mr5jUw" title="Görlitz"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Görlitz</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> , <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sandbox=0&sl=auto&tl=id&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waggonfabrik_Gebr%25C3%25BCder_Cred%25C3%25A9&usg=ALkJrhh9OkgUlzY7IIDUR1oU-RVLmFj6gA" title="Pabrik Wagon Gebrüder Crede"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">pabrik wagon Gebrüder
Crede</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> dan perusahaan </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sandbox=0&sl=auto&tl=id&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wegmann_%2526_Co.&usg=ALkJrhiVFgADJXwgOv2SwDuTmfz91roxMg" title="Wegmann & Co"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Wegmann & Co</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> di </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sandbox=0&sl=auto&tl=id&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassel&usg=ALkJrhisKe6RQobsovnwjT6RCw4cz9PPfw" title="Kassel"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kassel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> dan perusahaan </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sandbox=0&sl=auto&tl=id&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westwaggon&usg=ALkJrhiXyP702DxoaVEtOfBExkKYMj6Y2A#Van_der_Zypen_.26_Charlier" title="Westwaggon"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">van der Zypen & Charlier</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> di Köln-Deutz dan Linke-Hofmann - Lauchhammer di Breslau .
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhozpBJIP7LlWwQKQe080ZYZOnAaXig6KhfRgsFhFmGcF5O_gtOHwWtuzAfNj3-709G0f3iM2osnbJQ7UQKSxenvCdOyFC_3FcsZ2ZFyzFnnhNTFZwro7PcmtsZi1bYuyuEQmKIjgbjn-E/s1600/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10450,_Rheingold-Express,_Salon-Wagen_I._Klasse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhozpBJIP7LlWwQKQe080ZYZOnAaXig6KhfRgsFhFmGcF5O_gtOHwWtuzAfNj3-709G0f3iM2osnbJQ7UQKSxenvCdOyFC_3FcsZ2ZFyzFnnhNTFZwro7PcmtsZi1bYuyuEQmKIjgbjn-E/s1600/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10450,_Rheingold-Express,_Salon-Wagen_I._Klasse.jpg" height="219" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">interior Rheingold th 1930</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> interior Rheingold pada tahun 1930 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10450,_Rheingold-Express,_Salon-Wagen_I._Klasse.jpg" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-10450,_Rheingold-Express,_Salon-Wagen_I._Klasse.jpg</a> mengingatkan pada interior kereta api Staatsspoorwegen di Indonesia (Nederland Indië) pada periode yang sama <a href="http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced/start/7?q_searchfield=interieur" target="_blank">http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced/start/7?q_searchfield=interieur</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pada <u><span style="font-size: large;"><b>koleksi Koninklijke Instituut voor Taal-,Land- en Volkenkunde</b></span></u></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNGqrCLcIRG9JfwHazmYxHvYBJZvCPhZjUEv6NwD3ZoKOt6GL3JNkmT4KIz61SUF_NrVRGM9iJP5M1uv1k1wGyJIeOxM0RGOjDdIUUYHH56MOfuhstT-4Fpnm5Z4vHm0yhL5OikTHBX8U/s1600/Interieur+1930_Restauratie+rijtuig,+vermoedelijk+op+West-Java.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNGqrCLcIRG9JfwHazmYxHvYBJZvCPhZjUEv6NwD3ZoKOt6GL3JNkmT4KIz61SUF_NrVRGM9iJP5M1uv1k1wGyJIeOxM0RGOjDdIUUYHH56MOfuhstT-4Fpnm5Z4vHm0yhL5OikTHBX8U/s1600/Interieur+1930_Restauratie+rijtuig,+vermoedelijk+op+West-Java.jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpoKiBRs7lHh6zDfQEitmsT31xM2J1ebnt6rFysYkMxDGQZxKRHhyphenhyphenR1achHl1YfYfTNHgHneEhXmeAIaIqmPDLsqrLe1pKlNrm6iciSGWyGl3oGX87uoyk76bPXTK8UbguE841fQTSsgo/s1600/Interieur+1920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpoKiBRs7lHh6zDfQEitmsT31xM2J1ebnt6rFysYkMxDGQZxKRHhyphenhyphenR1achHl1YfYfTNHgHneEhXmeAIaIqmPDLsqrLe1pKlNrm6iciSGWyGl3oGX87uoyk76bPXTK8UbguE841fQTSsgo/s1600/Interieur+1920.jpg" height="320" width="315" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h1 class="contentheading detail">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">foto-foto Interieur van een toeristencoupé van een trein in Nederlands-Indië yang diambil periode 1920~1930</span></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sementara itu, teknologi konstruksi gerbong kereta api 'Rheingold' yang dikerjakan oleh WUMAG, di Görlitz, mengingatkan saya pada gerbong kereta api BIMA, yang diproduksi oleh pabrik yang sama </span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjduxA4r4DsYKbshdTq5U6c5HCbbLj3xplZiFgauDwKcyNyKHDA3CGQu9yB6rdPChbKFguI8YE4-TQFDjbPckZ0wSV7sXpTaBLrZ_HSKVAc5DZdO4qAVUrAt51q5NqjNtpH3ST45Y3PYXs/s1600/2012-ukuran+jendela.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjduxA4r4DsYKbshdTq5U6c5HCbbLj3xplZiFgauDwKcyNyKHDA3CGQu9yB6rdPChbKFguI8YE4-TQFDjbPckZ0wSV7sXpTaBLrZ_HSKVAc5DZdO4qAVUrAt51q5NqjNtpH3ST45Y3PYXs/s1600/2012-ukuran+jendela.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">bekas gerbong produksi WUMAG - Görlitz</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">untuk keterangan kereta api BIMA dapat anda ikuti di <a href="http://semboyan35.com/printthread.php?tid=873&page=79" target="_blank">http://semboyan35.com/printthread.php?tid=873&page=79</a></span></div>
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konsisten namun antara luar dan interior kereta memiliki corak yang
berbeda-beda. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dinding dan langit-langit
dengan panel kayu yang berbeda (misalnya, </span><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sandbox=0&sl=auto&tl=id&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebrano&usg=ALkJrhgXeh9rAnweKxylBkqYSf4-n7ni1Q" title="Zebrano"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Zebrano</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> , </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sandbox=0&sl=auto&tl=id&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palisander&usg=ALkJrhgNyWiG4UxY6x1t-FNyw2D7xsx4Aw" title="Jacaranda"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Rosewood</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> atau </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sandbox=0&sl=auto&tl=id&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahorn&usg=ALkJrhiXCKLPIRCRX6O-wfeLVX-MG6_psQ" title="Maple"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">maple</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">) atau terbalut dengan kain.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Masing2 kereta
memiliki desain yg berbeda di setiap gerbongnya.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Kereta api "Rheingold" <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>biasanya hanya kelas utama dan kelas kedua. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sehingga rangkaian kereta api terdiri dari </span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">gerbong
kelas pertama dengan 28 kursi, </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">gerbong
kelas pertama dengan 20 kursi dan dapur, </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">gerbong
kelas dua dengan 43 kursi, </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">gerbong
kelas dua dengan 29 kursi dan dapur, </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">keranjang
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beriringan, namun hanya sesekali waktu saja ada tiga kelas kereta</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Makanan untuk para penumpang disediakan dari dapur. Layanan
penyajiannya : direkt am Platz, pilihan bersantap tersebut termasuk misalnya:
telur rebus dengan saus foie gras atau Rehsteaks dengan Wacholdertunke dan
morels. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sesuai dengan kelas keretanya,
maka peralatan makanan terbuat dari piring porselen halus dan perak. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kereta-kereta Rheingold memiliki livery
eksklusif dalam warna ungu dan krem dengan atap perak abu-abu yang dikelola
oleh </span><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sandbox=0&sl=auto&tl=id&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitropa&usg=ALkJrhiGvEftkXA6Hq4hbaBUZgiHlZY_Bw" title="Mitropa"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mitropa</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> . </span></span></div>
<br />
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPf1_k2myOeEPkaGNVr70NWyF37flA6u1N0Nn0mvsRvnjCf_BD680FkkJvjVajMe1INzAQ4vOLB8G9h2eAYD6Gb50wmcwTj-nexKce2y-mDM0lfgBKhQSmInZnGPL3Zlgx37Xm6s0dqSA/s1600/rheingold_Liliput.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPf1_k2myOeEPkaGNVr70NWyF37flA6u1N0Nn0mvsRvnjCf_BD680FkkJvjVajMe1INzAQ4vOLB8G9h2eAYD6Gb50wmcwTj-nexKce2y-mDM0lfgBKhQSmInZnGPL3Zlgx37Xm6s0dqSA/s1600/rheingold_Liliput.jpg" height="227" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">miniatur Kereta Api "Rheingold" dari merk 'Liliput'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Layanan penyajian </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><b>'direkt am Platz'</b> itu hanya istilah saja, sebetulnya sama dengan layanan di kereta eksekutif Indonesia kelas 'Argo' atau 'K1' di mana makanan langsung dibawa oleh waitress ke tempat duduk masing-masing penumpang, ini membedakan dengan layanan di mana penumpang harus menuju ke kereta makan. Hanya barangkali menu makannya yang 'beda', karena kalau di kereta kita, paling hanya : nasi goreng, steak dan mie rebus yang harganya 'waoww' itu</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV5fWSJBYLPX8bvM96B_8TQVUwV97ACGGsSgyAjoDLrdjfCswl873DcdX-4pU6Gh3vHkjUaJy3eXCYXUo_DmGeQLS09hyFU64yYp8n1PH-RLbn2PaUGNkf_1u5nYx3H3OX4Tx0Sl7xxaY/s1600/Mitropa+(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV5fWSJBYLPX8bvM96B_8TQVUwV97ACGGsSgyAjoDLrdjfCswl873DcdX-4pU6Gh3vHkjUaJy3eXCYXUo_DmGeQLS09hyFU64yYp8n1PH-RLbn2PaUGNkf_1u5nYx3H3OX4Tx0Sl7xxaY/s1600/Mitropa+(2).jpg" height="173" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rheingold - Mitropa</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Kita sering melihat tulisan 'Mitropa' di atas model kereta-kereta Rheingold, namun apakah sesungguhnya 'Mitropa' ? </span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mitropa</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps">adalah </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">s</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">ebuah
perusahaan</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps">katering</span> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">sangat </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">terkenal</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps">karena telah</span> <span class="hps">berhasil</span> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">mengelola beberapa kereta </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">tidur
</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">mewah </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">dan</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">kereta </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">makan</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">milik beberapa maskapai
</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">kereta api</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps">Jerman </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">pada</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">abad ke-20</span></span><span lang="IN">. <span class="hps">Sejak</span> <span class="hps">reorganisasi</span> <span class="hps">pada tahun 2002</span>, <span class="hps">perusahaan hanya</span> <span class="hps">menyediakan jasa</span> <span class="hps">makanan</span> <span class="hps">stasioner</span> <span class="hps">untuk</span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">perusahaan </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">kereta
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</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Nama</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps">Mitropa</span> <span class="hps">merupakan turunan dari</span> <span class="hps">"</span>Mitteleuropa" <span class="hps">(</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">istilah </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jerman</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">,
<span class="hps">untuk Eropa</span> <span class="hps">Tengah</span>). </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mitropa</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> didirikan se</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">masa</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Perang Dunia I</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">, yaitu</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span lang="IN">pada tanggal 24 November 1916, </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">dengan nama asli : </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mitteleuropäische Schlafwagen-und Speisewagen Aktiengesellschaft.
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pendirinya </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">adalah gabungan beberapa</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span lang="IN">perusahaan kereta api yang di Jerman dan Austria-Hongaria,
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">dalam rangka menghadapi pesaing
dari perusahaan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span lang="IN">Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits (CIWL). Setelah perang, CIWL mampu
mengambil alih rute di Eropa Tengah di luar Jerman, sementara Mitropa </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">masih mendapat jatah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span lang="IN">rute di dalam Jerman serta rute ke
Belanda dan Skandinavia. Perusahaan </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">ini maju dan berkembang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">pada masa-masa</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> perang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> dunia</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span lang="IN">dan </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">mengelola</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span lang="IN">sekitar 750 </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">gerbong hingga</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span lang="IN">tahun 1940, namun </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">belum pernah menandingi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span lang="IN">CIWL.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">nah....dari tadi banyak tulisan CIWL,....apakah itu ?</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwuZTuBVQUlmaCE4VNIEaVDVelb_r0vP_ss_tyqKFR2ytarIC6op6OWN03zHSUcBDIAe4_8HS25o1EU_-W_36_AlFPTKfzzGqXvIdn6KEvNcF5Vqe3XhCsgoQl8M6LS-mG-gQrfYlmFfY/s1600/Georges_Nagelmackers(1862-1926).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwuZTuBVQUlmaCE4VNIEaVDVelb_r0vP_ss_tyqKFR2ytarIC6op6OWN03zHSUcBDIAe4_8HS25o1EU_-W_36_AlFPTKfzzGqXvIdn6KEvNcF5Vqe3XhCsgoQl8M6LS-mG-gQrfYlmFfY/s1600/Georges_Nagelmackers(1862-1926).jpg" height="320" width="185" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Georges Nagelmacker 1845~1905</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">CIWL adalah layanan kereta mewah berbasis Perancis, yang telah hadir lebih lama di dataran Eropa - kelak merupakan KOMPETITOR dari "Rheingold" dengan "Mitropa"-nya</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dalam perjalanannya ke Amerika
Serikat pada 1867-1868 <b>Georges Nagelmackers</b> (24 Juni 1845 ~ 10 Agustus 1905,
seorang saudagar dari <b>Belgia</b> berusia 23th, mempunyai hubungan dekat dengan
istana Raja Leopold II dari Belgia) terkesan oleh kereta malam <span style="font-size: large;"><b>Pullman</b></span>. Setelah
ia kembali ke Belgia, ia memutuskan untuk membangun jaringan kereta api di
Yurop. Georges membayangkan bahwa kereta tersebut harus mewah dan mampu melakukan
perjalanan lintas batas negara.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada 1874 Nagelmacker mendirikan
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits</b></span> yang sepuluh tahun berikutnya dikenal
dengan nama et des Grands ekspres Européens. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada tahun 1886 perusahaannya
telah menjadi penyelenggara utama bagi sebagian besar negara-negara Yurop. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Simbol "WL" yang dilambangkan dua
singa menjadi merek dagang yang sangat prestisius ketika itu.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Perusahaan kereta mewah
Wagon-Lits atau kereta tidur ini cukup sukses, masing-masing rangkaian
dilengkapi dengan kereta makan (restorasi) yang digabungkan ke kereta yang
dijadwalkan secara rutin berdinas dan diopersikan oleh jaringan kereta api dari
negara-negara Eropa yang disinggahi Wagon-Lits (CIWL). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kereta-kereta tersebut ini ditarik oleh lokomotif
dari berbagai maskapai kereta api,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(Wagon-Lits tidak memiliki lokomotif armada sendiri).</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRTtjIqQwC1yqNdpd7tkCz8EUlZbRLBIxTvxbXEA0ScOXWLpEJ74vFDupVPKVjent5NSfkFvIEgtsAc5yKjAnFozoiN0dekJomMFqxE8A-ltMSwUoSmfJZDay6RvQkomOMcdpsIgfFmJQ/s1600/KMP_orient-express100tahun.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRTtjIqQwC1yqNdpd7tkCz8EUlZbRLBIxTvxbXEA0ScOXWLpEJ74vFDupVPKVjent5NSfkFvIEgtsAc5yKjAnFozoiN0dekJomMFqxE8A-ltMSwUoSmfJZDay6RvQkomOMcdpsIgfFmJQ/s1600/KMP_orient-express100tahun.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">sebuah kereta makan Compagnie Internationale des Wagon-Lits (CIWL)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Untuk menikmati kereta-kereta Jerman yang lain, anda dapat berkunjung ke <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yurop.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yurop.html</a> dan lanjutannya di <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/lokomotif-lokomotif-mirip-2.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/lokomotif-lokomotif-mirip-2.html</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sebelum Perang Dunia I , CIWL
memegang monopoli menjadi satu-satunya kelompok yang melayani kebutuhan
wisatawan kereta api internasional. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Layanan
utama andalan CIWL adalah ‘Orient Express’ dengan relasi Paris~Istambul (Turki)
dan pasih banyak lagi yang lain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nama
Kereta api legendaris tanah air : BIMA (Biru Malam) terpengaruh dari salah satu
layanan CIWL yang cukup populer : Le Train Bleu yang berjalan dengan relasi :
Paris/Calais ~ (Perancis Selatan) dalam semalam menggunakan kereta CIWL.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Le Train Bleu ini diopersionalkan oleh
perusahaan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Di samping kereta mewah, CIWL juga mendirikan
beberapa hotel mewah : <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_Internationale_des_Grands_Hotels" title="Compagnie Internationale des Grands Hotels">Compagnie Internationale des
Grands Hotels</a></i> (1894) di samping bebrapa hotel yang lainnya seperti <i>Hôtel
Pera Palace</i> di <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> Turki, <i>Hôtel de la Plage</i> di <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a>, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Grand Hôtel des Wagons-Lits</i> di <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>
(RRC).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perusahaan ini juga memperkenalkan
layanan terkenal, seperti Orient Express ,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Nord expresc , dan Sud express dan diperluas ke pasar luar Eropa
termasuk melayani Transsibérien seluruh Rusia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">"Rheingold" adalah sebuah rangkaian kereta api milik Deutsche Gesellschaft Reichsbahn, yang kelak dikelola oleh Deutsche Bundesbahn</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Maskapai Kereta api di Jerman,
pertama kali didirikan pada tahun 1871 bernama <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Reichseisenbahnen in Elsaß-Lothringen”</b>, yang memiliki kantor pusat
Kaiserliche di Stasbourg.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maskapai
tersebut merupakan peninggalan maskapai Perancis : (Compagnie des chemins de
fer de l’Est) – salah satu dari jaringan kereta api Republik ketiga Perancis,
yakni bagian wilayah timur yang telah dibeli oleh kekaisaran Jerman (Deutschen
Reiches), dan pada akhir perang dunia I (PD I) maskapai ini jatuh kembali ke
Perancis.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Di tahun 1875 Otto von Bismarck
tidak berhasil bernegosiasi dengan partai oposisi (Albert von Maybach) di
Bundesrat (Dewan Federal) untuk mendapatkan jalur utama kereta api kekaisaran
(Haupteisenbahnlinien), sementara Albert von Maybach mengajukan proposal
Reichseisenbahngesetzes.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Akhirnya s</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">esuai dengan ketentuan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">pertama </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konstitusi Weimar</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> (Weimarer
Verfassung)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">tertanggal</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> 11 Agustus 1919, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Undang undang </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Negara membentuk Reich</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">seisenbahnen</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">sebagai pengendali
maskapai</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> kereta api negara bekas </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kekaisaran</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Jerman </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">(Deutschen
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Reich</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">es)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">. Secara khusus,
ini </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">meliputi
:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fherzoglich_Badische_Staatseisenbahnen" title="Großherzoglich Badische Staatseisenbahnen">Großherzoglich Badischen
Staatseisenbahnen</a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich-Franz-Eisenbahn" title="Friedrich-Franz-Eisenbahn">Großherzoglich Mecklenburgische
Friedrich-Franz-Eisenbahn</a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fherzoglich_Oldenburgische_Staatseisenbahnen" title="Großherzoglich Oldenburgische Staatseisenbahnen">Großherzoglich
Oldenburgischen Staatseisenbahnen</a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6niglich_Bayerische_Staatseisenbahnen" title="Königlich Bayerische Staatseisenbahnen">Königlich Bayerischen
Staats-Eisenbahnen</a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6niglich_S%C3%A4chsische_Staatseisenbahnen" title="Königlich Sächsische Staatseisenbahnen">Königlich Sächsischen
Staatseisenbahnen</a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6niglich_W%C3%BCrttembergische_Staats-Eisenbahnen" title="Königlich Württembergische Staats-Eisenbahnen">Königlich
Württembergischen Staats-Eisenbahnen</a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preu%C3%9Fisch-Hessische_Eisenbahngemeinschaft" title="Preußisch-Hessische Eisenbahngemeinschaft">Preußisch-Hessische
Eisenbahngemeinschaft </a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preu%C3%9Fische_Staatseisenbahnen" title="Preußische Staatseisenbahnen">Preußischen Staatseisenbahnen</a></div>
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<span class="notranslate"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Deutsche Reichsbahn Gesellschaft</span></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada tahun </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">1924</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> - <span class="hps">Rencana</span>
<span class="hps">Dawes</span> <span class="hps">dikembangkan</span> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">antara
lain</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> untuk</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">menyelesaikan</span> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Undang undang </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Perkeretaapian</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Kekaisaran (</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Reparationsgläubigern<span class="hps">)</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Oleh karena itu</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> sesuai dengan pasal 12 undang-undang tersebut, maka
sejak bulan</span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Februari</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">1924</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> ditetapkan</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">regulasi</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">tentang pembentukan</span></span><span lang="IN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">maskapai perkereta apian</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">milik negara</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">"</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Deutsche</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">Reichsbahn</span></span><span lang="IN">", <span class="hps">yang </span></span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">bertugas
meng</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">operasi</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">kan</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">dan mengelola</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">properti milik</span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Deutschen Reiches (Kekaisaran</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">Jerman</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">)</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">Ini
</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">mengganti</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">kan</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Deutsche Reich <span class="hps">sebagai pemilik</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kereta
api kekaisaran </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jerman</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">(Reicheisenbahnen)</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Karena</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">Reparationsgläubigern</span>
<span class="hps">tidak memberikan juklak (petujuk pelaksanaan)</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
yang rinci</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>maka <span class="hps">pada tanggal</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">30 Agustus 1924</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
diterapkan </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hukum <span class="hps">Reich</span>
<span class="hps">Lembaran</span> <span class="hps">II</span> <span class="hps">p</span>
<span class="hps">272</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> dari</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN">"</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Undang
undang maskapai perkereta apian Kekaisaran Jerman</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">(</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Reichsbahngesetz</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">)". </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dengan</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">undang-undang
ini</span>, <span class="hps">Kekaisaran Jerman</span> <span class="hps">mendirikan
sebuah</span> <span class="hps">perusahaan publik</span> <span class="hps">dengan
nama</span> <span class="hps">"</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span lang="IN">" <span class="hps">untuk pengoperasian</span> <span class="hps">Imperial</span> <span class="hps">Railways</span>. </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dengan demikian</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">maka
</span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">perusahaan negara</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">"</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Deutsche Reichsbahn</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span lang="IN">" <span class="hps">dibubarkan</span>.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> (1924~1937)</span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Dengan</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span class="hps">undang-undang
tentang</span> <span class="hps">revisi</span> <span class="hps">kondisi</span> <span class="hps">Reichsbank</span> <span class="hps">dan</span> <span class="hps">Deutsche</span>
<span class="hps">Reichsbahn</span> <span class="hps">10 Februari</span> <span class="hps">1937</span> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft <span class="hps">berada</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> di bawah</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span class="hps">kedaulatan</span>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hitler berkuasa Agustus
1934~April 1945</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hitler adalah veteran <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Dunia_I" title="Perang Dunia I">Perang
Dunia I</a> dengan banyak gelar dan bergabung dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Partai_Pekerja_Jerman&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Partai Pekerja Jerman (halaman belum tersedia)">Partai Pekerja Jerman</a>
(pendahulu NAZI) pada tahun 1919 - Tahun 1923, ia melancarkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudeta" title="Kudeta">kudeta</a> di Munich
yang dikenal dengan peristiwa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_Hall_Putsch" title="Beer Hall Putsch">Beer
Hall Putsch</a> yang mengantarkannya ke balik terali besi.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Setelah bebas tahun 1924, Hitler mendapat
dukungan rakyat dengan mengecam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perjanjian_Versailles" title="Perjanjian Versailles">Perjanjian Versailles</a> dan menjunjung <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pan-Jermanisme&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pan-Jermanisme (halaman belum tersedia)">Pan-Jermanisme</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitisme" title="Antisemitisme">antisemitisme</a>,
dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-komunisme&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Anti-komunisme (halaman belum tersedia)">anti-komunisme</a> melalui
pidatonya yang karismatik dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Propaganda_Nazi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Propaganda Nazi (halaman belum tersedia)">propaganda Nazi</a>. Setelah
ditunjuk sebagai kanselir pada tahun 1933, ia mengubah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Weimar" title="Republik Weimar">Republik
Weimar</a> menjadi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman_Nazi" title="Jerman Nazi">Reich Ketiga</a> (kerajaan pertama adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi_Suci" title="Kekaisaran Romawi Suci">Kekaisaran Romawi Suci</a>, sedangkan kerajaan
kedua adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekaisaran_Jerman" title="Kekaisaran Jerman">Kekaisaran Jerman</a> – menurut pandangan Hitler), <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sebuah kediktatoran <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Negara_satu_partai&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Negara satu partai (halaman belum tersedia)">satu partai</a> yang
didasarkan pada ideologi Nazisme yang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarianisme" title="Totalitarianisme">totalitarian</a>
dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otokratik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Otokratik (halaman belum tersedia)">otokratik</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjQV0S11VXJ5n1A7f7ySEfZqvpwcTW8IoWpMZoIug-yW5svmfI3hyphenhyphenuRvJpqdzVj6qkFLkdB_l7M4YDMxPIQK69qwB0ZmlGyR1wu11E2GS6mbubcTU1GVPsdxTSOxXyEy2QK63HzLTsswc/s1600/Hitler_1914_1918.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjQV0S11VXJ5n1A7f7ySEfZqvpwcTW8IoWpMZoIug-yW5svmfI3hyphenhyphenuRvJpqdzVj6qkFLkdB_l7M4YDMxPIQK69qwB0ZmlGyR1wu11E2GS6mbubcTU1GVPsdxTSOxXyEy2QK63HzLTsswc/s1600/Hitler_1914_1918.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hitler semasa menjadi tentara pada PD I</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hitler memerintahkan Jerman dipersenjatai
kembali dan Wehrmacht</span> (<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_bersenjata" title="Angkatan bersenjata">angkatan bersenjata</a> <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi-Jerman" title="Nazi-Jerman">Nazi-Jerman</a>
pada masa kepemimpinan Hitler) meng<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasi_Polandia" title="Invasi Polandia">invasi
Polandia</a> pada bulan September 1939, menyebabkan pecahnya <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teater_Eropa_pada_Perang_dunia_II&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Teater Eropa pada Perang dunia II (halaman belum tersedia)">Perang Dunia
II di Eropa</a>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Di bawah pemerintahan
Hitler, pada tahun 1941 pasukan Jerman dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekuatan_Poros" title="Kekuatan Poros">sekutu
Eropanya</a> menduduki sebagian besar Eropa dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kampanye_Afrika_Utara&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kampanye Afrika Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Afrika Utara</a>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tahun 1943, Jerman terpaksa bertahan diri dan
mengalami serangkaian kekalahan dalam pertempuran.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tahun 1944, Sekutu Barat <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendaratan_Normandia" title="Pendaratan Normandia">menyerbu Perancis</a>, sementara Uni Soviet
merebut kembali semua teritori yang pernah dicaplok dan menyerbu Jerman beserta
sekutunya. Perang di Eropa berakhir dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Berlin" title="Pertempuran Berlin">pendudukan Berlin</a> oleh tentara Soviet dan
Polandia dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Instumen_Penyerahan_Jerman&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Instumen Penyerahan Jerman (halaman belum tersedia)">penyerahan tanpa
syarat Jerman</a> pada tanggal <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Kemenangan_di_Eropa" title="Hari Kemenangan di Eropa">8 Mei 1945</a>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Wilayah Eropa Timur yang
dibebaskan dari Nazi dan diduduki oleh pasukan Soviet selanjutnya juga
ditambahkan ke Blok Timur dengan mengubahnya menjadi <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_satelit" title="Negara satelit">negara
satelit</a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Republik Demokratik
Jerman (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerman_Timur" title="Jerman Timur">Jerman
Timur</a>) paska perang dunia II (1949) mengikuti blok komunis Sovyet,
sedangkan Republik Federasi Jerman (Jerman Barat) mengikuti blok kapitalis
dengan ‘</span><i><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Soziale Marktwirtschaft‘ </span></i><span lang="DE" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">(ekonomi
pasar sosial).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Singkat kata, perekonomian
negara </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Republik Federasi
Jerman (Jerman Barat) mengalami kemajuan yang bagus, sementara rezim komunis
berada di ambang kehancuran.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<![endif]--><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Deutsche</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">Reichsbahn</span></span><span lang="IN">, </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">disingkat DR</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">, <span class="hps">adalah</span>
<span class="hps">perusahaan kereta api</span> <span class="hps">negara Jerman</span>
<span class="hps">periode</span> <span class="hps">Republik</span> <span class="hps">Weimar</span>
<span class="hps">pasca-perang</span> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">dunia I<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Republik Weimas adalah </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">republik parlementer
yang didirikan tahun 1919 di Jerman untuk menggantikan bentuk pemerintahan
kekaisaran</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Sering pula dinamakan Deutsches Reich)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kekaisaran Jerman bubar melalui <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Revolusi_Jerman_1918%E2%80%931919&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Revolusi Jerman 1918–1919 (halaman belum tersedia)">Revolusi Jerman
1918–1919</a> dan sebuah pemerintahaan demokratis yang kemudian dikenal dengan
nama <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Weimar" title="Republik Weimar">Republik Weimar</a>.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG-s50CxHZfQkGNdNjRvMgck1WoeyL45MGMhU30T-ZawNua5U2Gd1nmWa-iXnAq6uaJa1E7QlTceHavGFUQ6V-XXNNd5MTi1QYD7xwxJunKjYQuxCOxI5nFhepL4grcLC9elmHT0jg41s/s1600/rheingold_Vectis(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG-s50CxHZfQkGNdNjRvMgck1WoeyL45MGMhU30T-ZawNua5U2Gd1nmWa-iXnAq6uaJa1E7QlTceHavGFUQ6V-XXNNd5MTi1QYD7xwxJunKjYQuxCOxI5nFhepL4grcLC9elmHT0jg41s/s1600/rheingold_Vectis(2).jpg" height="187" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">model kereta api "Rheingold" dari Vectis</span></td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Kereta-kereta </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b><span class="hps"><span lang="IN">Rheingold</span></span></b></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">kembali berdinas</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">setelah Perang</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">Dunia Kedua,</span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">adalah </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">F</span></span><span class="atn"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">-</span></span><span class="atn"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Zug</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">(</span></span><span lang="IN">kereta ekspres</span></span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">-Fernschnellzug</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">) dikenal juga sebagai <span class="hps"></span> <span class="hps">"</span>Rheingold <span class="hps">Ekspres</span>" </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">melayani relasi dari</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">Hoek</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">van</span> <span class="hps">Holland</span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">(sebuah stasiun pelabuhan yang
padat) </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">dan</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps">Basel</span> <span class="hps">(</span>D <span class="hps">164</span>), <span class="hps">termasuk</span>
<span class="hps">Parallelzug</span> <span class="hps">Amsterdam</span><span class="atn">-</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Köln</span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">(</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">D
<span class="hps">264</span>)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perjalanan yang </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">pertama
</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">ini diikuti</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">tiga kelas</span></span><span lang="IN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">kereta (dari tipe </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Schürzenwagen</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> yang digunakan di tahun 1938</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">dan berdinas hingga </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">20
Mei 1951</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">.
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Kereta-kereta tersebut</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">memiliki</span></span><span lang="IN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">striping warna biru</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">dengan tulisan</span></span><span lang="IN"> <b><span class="hps">"</span></b></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Deutsche Bundesbahn</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><b>"</b> <span class="hps">dalam huruf</span>
<span class="hps">aluminium</span>. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="hps">Kereta
Makan restorasi</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">sampai dengan</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">23 Mei 1955</span> <span class="hps">dioperasikan oleh</span> <span class="hps">CIWL</span>, <span class="hps">diikuti oleh</span> <span class="hps">DSG</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sejak bulan</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Mei</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps">1953,</span> <span class="hps">"</span>Rheingold <span class="hps">Ekspres</span>"
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">bernomor </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">F164/163</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">menggunakan nama </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN">"</span></span><span lang="IN">Lorelei", <span class="hps">sedangkan</span> <span class="hps">sepasang</span>
<span class="hps">kereta</span> <span class="hps">F</span> <span class="hps">10/9</span>,
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">yang </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">berdinas</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">mulai</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">Mei
1952</span></span><span lang="IN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">yang menggunakan nama</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">"</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Rhein-Pfeil</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span lang="IN">" </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">dengan </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">rute</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> yang sama </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">,</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps">selanjutnya</span> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">juga dinamai</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">"Rheingold</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">ekspres</span> <span class="hps">"</span>. </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Kemudian</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps">Mei 1954</span> <span class="hps">itu hanya</span> <span class="hps">"</span>Rheingold".
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Perubahan nama</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">juga terjadi pada</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">Flügelzug</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">F
22</span>/21, </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">relasi </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Dortmund</span></span><span class="atn"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">-</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Munich
<span class="hps">(</span>Innsbruck). </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">F</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps">10/9</span> <span class="hps">dan</span> <span class="hps">F</span> <span class="hps">22/21</span> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">berganti nama</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">dari
Mei</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">1954 sampai</span> <span class="hps">Mei 1958</span> <span class="hps">dengan nama</span> <span class="hps">"</span>Das
<span class="hps">Rheingold</span>" </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">E</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">nam</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">gerbong tua</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">dari</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">Rheingold</span>
<span class="hps">tahun</span> <span class="hps">1928-1929</span> <span class="hps">telah
dibeli</span> <span class="hps">dan</span> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">diperbaiki</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">
oleh</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps">Freundeskreis</span> <span class="hps">Eisenbahn</span> <span class="hps">Köln</span> <span class="hps">(</span>FEK) </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">sejak</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">pertengahan enam puluhan</span></span><span lang="IN">. </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pada tahun </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">1970</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">-an</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">,</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps">Freundeskreis</span> <span class="hps">Eisenbahn</span> <span class="hps">Köln</span> <span class="hps">mengambil</span> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">rute bersejarah</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">Rh</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">ein</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">gold</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps">melalui</span> <span class="hps">perjalanan</span> <span class="hps">khusus
dan</span> <span class="hps">sejak saat itu</span> <span class="hps">telah
melakukan</span> <span class="hps">lebih dari 100</span> <span class="hps">perjalanan</span>.
<span class="hps">Saat ini, hanya</span> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">sebuah kereta makan </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">dilengkapi
dengan</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">kursi dan interior </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pullman</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">tahun </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">50</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">-an</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">dengan</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">nomor</span>
<span class="hps">20508</span> <span class="hps">COLOGNE</span> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">didinaskan</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">
secara </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">reguler</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">pada rute spesial</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">Rheingold</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">dengan</span>
<span class="hps">FEK</span>. </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Hal
ini dapat</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps">dipesan melalui</span> <span class="hps">Freundeskreis</span> <span class="hps">Eisenbahn</span> <span class="hps">Köln</span> <span class="hps">atau </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">dicarter</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">
untuk </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">sebuah acara</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sementara itu t</span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">iga</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">seri kereta yang lain</span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">(</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">24503,24512,
<span class="hps">24517</span>)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">menunggu giliran direstorasi</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">. <span class="hps"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span class="hps">Enam</span> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">gerbong</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> tua</span></span><span class="atn"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">-</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Rheingold
<span class="hps">dari</span> <span class="hps">tahun</span> <span class="hps">1928/1929</span>
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">telah <span class="hps">disewa</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">
oleh</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps">Trans</span> <span class="hps">Europ</span> <span class="hps">Eisenbahn</span>
<span class="hps">AG</span> <span class="hps">(</span>TEAG). <span class="hps">Dua</span>
</span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">gerbong</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">di antaranya yang berdinas adalah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">(</span></span><span lang="IN">nomor <span class="hps">24506</span>
<span class="hps">dan</span> <span class="hps">24507</span> <span class="hps">COLOGNE</span>
<span class="hps">COLOGNE</span>) <span class="hps">dan</span> <span class="hps">(</span>NIE)
</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">merupakan</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">kereta</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">mewah</span>
<span class="hps">"</span>Nostalgia <span class="hps">Istanbul</span> <span class="hps">Orient Express</span>".</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7kfTYUXETibAEMyvVCiqu4mcEyVw-dWSVlRqBPerc6OPEWpV3Ht95q2jBVNdWaRrW1uGQ0xWcE8_Ct844upLfBY2QKADjfT2lIZmRTxkuwllC00WWLhPcSkoRpXA5VPfOdzsTgxC8hOA/s1600/Buckelspeisewagen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7kfTYUXETibAEMyvVCiqu4mcEyVw-dWSVlRqBPerc6OPEWpV3Ht95q2jBVNdWaRrW1uGQ0xWcE8_Ct844upLfBY2QKADjfT2lIZmRTxkuwllC00WWLhPcSkoRpXA5VPfOdzsTgxC8hOA/s1600/Buckelspeisewagen.jpg" height="132" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">kereta makan berpunuk (Buckelspeisewagen)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Kereta makan
‘berpunuk’ dan kereta obsevasi milik DB membutuhkan biaya perawatan intensif
dan desain khusus yang mahal sehingga, tahun 1970 sudah dihentikan layanannya. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kereta-kereta observasi pertama kali dijual di
Swiss, setelah beberapa tahun mereka menjalani rute ke Swedia. Di kedua negara, mereka
terutama digunakan dalam kereta api khusus oleh pemilik swasta. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pada saat Deutsche
Bahn AG berdiri dari tahun 2002, sebelas eks gerbong TEE, dua kereta makan, kereta
wisata dan kereta observasi dari seri kedua dikembalikan livery tradisionalnya empat
jendela merah dan krem. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gerbong-berbong
tersebut kini diberdayakan oleh DB Regio (anak perusahaan DB AG) untuk kereta
wisata rute-rute nostalgic. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kereta observasi yang lainnya dari seri kedua
milik <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=2&hl=en&rurl=translate.google.com&sandbox=0&sl=auto&tl=id&u=http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB_Museum_Koblenz&usg=ALkJrhgAWhKILTKo1vu9xczv_gsWqRWvtw" title="DB Museum Koblenz">DB Museum Koblenz</a> diparkir tidak digunakan untuk
umum. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Saat ini tersedia FEK dari kereta makan asli
dari TEE Rheingold dari tahun 1962. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>FEK
juga memiliki mobil lain di cat biru / cream, jadi kereta observasi, kereta
bar, kereta perusahaan dan sebuah kereta kompartemen. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Salah satu dari tiga kereta observasi dari
seri pertama dengan delapan jendela telah diambil pada musim gugur tahun 2006
di cat ulang livery biru tua / cream dan dimiliki oleh EVB GmbH di Wina. <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">DSG</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span lang="IN">(Deutsche Schlafwagen-und Speisewagengesellschaft, </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">sekarang dikenal dengan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span lang="IN">der Deutsche Gesellschaft
Service-Bahn atau DSG) adalah anak perusahaan dari Deutsche Bundesbahn</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">memiliki </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">kantor pusat
di Frankfurt am Main, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">adalah perusahaan yang terbentuk</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> dari infrastruktur
Mitropa di </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">eks </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jerman Barat pada 1949. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perusahaan
ini masih ada</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> sampai tahun
1994 ketika </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">reunifikasi Jerman dan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">dengan Mitropa
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFXbiZmXrAeGRavYOGwugroW7EBtmt2VUJIv_zM-AC-Qikh55HDWxt48O3GGcXLDxva8TT49M3rku2hVz1eQe0l2EPe4SncGKLcjukoF0LWNdCPf7lj4tE12vERmvhMmjscU91ZFk2TuA/s1600/Mitropa+(DRG).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFXbiZmXrAeGRavYOGwugroW7EBtmt2VUJIv_zM-AC-Qikh55HDWxt48O3GGcXLDxva8TT49M3rku2hVz1eQe0l2EPe4SncGKLcjukoF0LWNdCPf7lj4tE12vERmvhMmjscU91ZFk2TuA/s1600/Mitropa+(DRG).jpg" height="200" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">model kereta Deutsche Reichsbahn Gesellschaft (DRG) dengan layanan 'Mitropa'</td></tr>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>- terimakasih atas kunjungan anda -</b></span><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-77531584466571763762014-01-30T11:19:00.002-08:002014-01-30T11:19:11.728-08:00NAPAK TILAS STASIUN MEESTER CORNELIS<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> MISTERI DUA FOTO</span></span></h2>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Stasiun
paling ujung di Batavia Lama adalah Stasiun Kleine Boom (Pasar Ikan), kemudian
kereta akan berhenti di Stasiun Batavia (Batavia Hoofdstastion) yang dulu
lokasinya di sebelah Museum Seni Rupa dan Keramik sekarang ini. Stasiun selanjutnya
adalah Sawah Besar, Noordwijk (Pintu Air), Weltevreden (Gambir), Pegangsaan,
Meester Cornelis Passer, Pasar Minggu, Lenteng Agung, Pondok Tjina, Depok,
Citajam, Bojong Gedeh, Tjilebut, dan Buitenzorg (Bogor).</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZDJ8JaoN2gEj27Q6R-vxy-zUVI_O9eZ8ujaxDDWmRPzUFrP8AvwTUOOu3GaN0LCI_dE2iy6fhhQtcNh2z6rvRfrXF5HbtcFrt_rZ_9OeB0COtOHJrKeec31r_IL8rEMJIsxgrfs1oRG4/s1600/2013-12-15+11.28.52.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZDJ8JaoN2gEj27Q6R-vxy-zUVI_O9eZ8ujaxDDWmRPzUFrP8AvwTUOOu3GaN0LCI_dE2iy6fhhQtcNh2z6rvRfrXF5HbtcFrt_rZ_9OeB0COtOHJrKeec31r_IL8rEMJIsxgrfs1oRG4/s1600/2013-12-15+11.28.52.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">stasiun Bogor (BUITENZORG)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Artikel
ini hanyalah pelengkap dari artikel-artikel yang pernah ada sebelumnya, yang masih
membahas tentang sejarah perkereta apian di Indonesia.</span></div>
<br />
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Seperti
halnya terjadi di kota-kota besar lain di Indonesia (Jawa) seperti kota
Surabaya, Malang, Semarang, Yogya dan Bandung, di Jakarta kebanyakan stasiun
kereta api dan halte telah dibongkar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stasiun-stasiun
besar di Jakarta yang ada saat ini merupakan sebagian kecil, sisa dari kejayaan
periode emas perkereta apian di tanah air (Jakarta).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dari
banyaknya stasiun yang bergeser, lenyap atau beralih fungsi, salah satu di
antaranya adalah stasiun kereta api <span style="font-size: large;"><b>‘MEESTER CORNELIS’</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Wiki
mencatat bahwa Meester Cornelis adalah Jatinegara saat ini ‘…..<i>Meester
Cornelis</i> is de vroegere naam van Jatinegara (ook wel, Batinegara,
Djatinegara, of Mester), een stadsdeel van Jakarta.’</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Karena
itu wajar jika orang mendengar nama stasiun stasiun kereta api ‘MEESTER
CORNELIS’, asumsinya langsung mengarah ke stasiun kereta api ‘Jatinegara’ (JNG)</span></div>
<br />
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnSUceFYdUYcvceFLMfjVSpzm0D8woAGT7zh4wpknJA-slqgud_yvXPrqUJ9ksG08C1HyePIZaDIrp05ysvn9iAHoezc8nSG8bdiWfqkw_L9Pf3tqI7tKr5vQ7YWknCSoSk50Q3OCeVHk/s1600/2013-06-03+10.55.13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnSUceFYdUYcvceFLMfjVSpzm0D8woAGT7zh4wpknJA-slqgud_yvXPrqUJ9ksG08C1HyePIZaDIrp05ysvn9iAHoezc8nSG8bdiWfqkw_L9Pf3tqI7tKr5vQ7YWknCSoSk50Q3OCeVHk/s1600/2013-06-03+10.55.13.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stasiun Jatinegara</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Apa
dan siapakh sebenarnya Meester Cornelis ?.....</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Beberapa opini menyebutkan bahwa Cornelis
merupakan anak keluarga kaya asal pulau Lontar, Banda, Maluku yang datang ke
kawasan Jatinegara pada sekitar abad ke-17. Cornelis dikenal sebagai guru agama
Kristen dan membuka sekolah pada 1635. Sosoknya yang terkenal bersahaja sebagai
guru itulah yang membuat Cornelis disebut ‘Meester’ yang artinya adalah tuan
guru oleh masyarakat sekitar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <a href="http://jakarta.okezone.com/read/2012/02/17/502/577512/meester-cornelis-sosok-penting-jatinegara" target="_blank">http://jakarta.okezone.com/read/2012/02/17/502/577512/meester-cornelis-sosok-penting-jatinegara</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ada
juga yang mengatakan :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Meester
Cornelis adalah seorang tuan tanah.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pada
tahun 1656 Cornelis memperoleh sebidang tanah di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=nl&tl=id&u=http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliwung&usg=ALkJrhhoDLpV3c3cu2BTqKcxIA9osPAx2Q" title="Ciliwung">Ciliwung</a> (sekitar 5 kilometer persegi, 12 kilometer sebelah
utara dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=nl&tl=id&u=http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasteel_van_Batavia&usg=ALkJrhggNXDHxluKe0_meNMxT5dxzyBvlg" title="Castle of Batavia">Castle of Batavia</a> ). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sebagai pemilik tanah dia menguasai wilayah
tersebut sehingga diberi gelar ‘meester’. Tanah itu sendiri terutama digunakan
untuk kehutanan. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Daerah Meester
Cornelis berakhir sampai daerah militer di Senen berbatasan dengan jalan lebar
dan karakter pedesaan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“Het fort was genoemd naar <a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelis_van_Senen" title="Cornelis van Senen">Cornelis van Senen</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Het gebied waar het fort later gebouwd werd
was in de <a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/17de_eeuw" title="17de eeuw">zeventiende
eeuw</a> de woonplaats van de prinsen van het <a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanaat_Bantam" title="Sultanaat Bantam">Sultanaat
Bantam</a>. De naam Jatinegara was afgeleid van Jatina Nagara, wat "de
macht van de staat" betekende en de macht symboliseerde van de prinsen van
Bantam tijdens hun gevecht met de machthebbers van de VOC. De plek werd later
genoemd naar Cornelis van Senen, die in 1656 een stuk land verwierf bij de <a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliwung" title="Ciliwung">Ciliwung</a>
(ongeveer 5 vierkante kilometer, 12 kilometer ten noorden van het <a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasteel_van_Batavia" title="Kasteel van Batavia">Kasteel van Batavia</a>). Als landeigenaar kreeg
hij de titel meester toebedeeld. Het land zelf was vooral in gebruik voor de
bosbouw. Meester Cornelis werd na de dood van Senen een militaire plaats met
brede wegen en een landelijk karakter.”</span></i></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Meester_Cornelis" target="_blank">http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Meester_Cornelis </a></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMTo9pWIXujh1MBK6vqlSXHhH1FW0R2nnoBW6K-AE6xIkvhkDNFKUWZhRa6B-DSnDfFNiGs0Gq1zyZtvxXaiC3sa1r5k68nDuWVwYto96DkeUei40wU04E098IhIKj2O6I6DmAUsvijr4/s1600/2014-01-23+14.03.39uRIP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMTo9pWIXujh1MBK6vqlSXHhH1FW0R2nnoBW6K-AE6xIkvhkDNFKUWZhRa6B-DSnDfFNiGs0Gq1zyZtvxXaiC3sa1r5k68nDuWVwYto96DkeUei40wU04E098IhIKj2O6I6DmAUsvijr4/s1600/2014-01-23+14.03.39uRIP.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">beberapa bangunan bergaya kolonial yang masih tersisa di kawasan MEESTER CORNELIS te Batavia</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada
foto-foto tua yang dapat kita jumpai di koleksi Troppenmuseum, koleksi KITLV
dan beberapa situs yang lain, terdapat beberapa foto stasiun kereta api dengan
nama : MEESTER CORNELIS</span></div>
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<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6QmREgRvQ7AGLmMlMmX8FwNpMjWAARveM67Iho5-9_tqnSGA_mnF4liEmS0feQzcosTmN9iN6AcwIf8eMsvAhGDj-sVqPAyy1Pi1ytPiUt8n_IX86ygkGFBOZiWHt29W9LZ1WbyeTh4k/s1600/Ebay.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6QmREgRvQ7AGLmMlMmX8FwNpMjWAARveM67Iho5-9_tqnSGA_mnF4liEmS0feQzcosTmN9iN6AcwIf8eMsvAhGDj-sVqPAyy1Pi1ytPiUt8n_IX86ygkGFBOZiWHt29W9LZ1WbyeTh4k/s1600/Ebay.jpg" height="217" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">foto stasiun M. Cornelis dari <a href="http://galleryplus.ebayimg.com/ws/web/300580372588_1_0_1/1000x1000.jpg" target="_blank">http://galleryplus.ebayimg.com/ws/web/300580372588_1_0_1/1000x1000.jpg</a></td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> foto lain dari stasiun Meester Cornelis</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhldljmmC_AXMzobIx93QRsd5iQXOKPPsjdPePbYU4z3qOdKbKGC02Ctwac6RzQprYVz4I9nPfPDmEEJhvvSr_SaKwRN7pbqIOva8mGz6KdDMpakOJroLZE5fLEZXYfiyguSiWCiQTr0G4/s1600/Meester_Cornelis(6).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhldljmmC_AXMzobIx93QRsd5iQXOKPPsjdPePbYU4z3qOdKbKGC02Ctwac6RzQprYVz4I9nPfPDmEEJhvvSr_SaKwRN7pbqIOva8mGz6KdDMpakOJroLZE5fLEZXYfiyguSiWCiQTr0G4/s1600/Meester_Cornelis(6).jpg" height="207" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">foto lain dari stasiun Meester Cornelis</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">foto di atas dapat dilihat di <a href="http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced/start/2?q_searchfield=station+meester+cornelis" target="_blank">http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced/start/2?q_searchfield=station+meester+cornelis</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijenRquI-q0H_QZ1ajnMHbGXMmsg18GHnWwwgPfXVRkN90KHPm5uPlrquj8DzjHWfycxzma8MuIwuQdY85heE6wQZgCs8089zOJNmiFth1H2n0bjNQbCFoTzrYTI0CTTwm-q0OZRnnBQQ/s1600/Manggarai+Spoorwegstation_1910.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijenRquI-q0H_QZ1ajnMHbGXMmsg18GHnWwwgPfXVRkN90KHPm5uPlrquj8DzjHWfycxzma8MuIwuQdY85heE6wQZgCs8089zOJNmiFth1H2n0bjNQbCFoTzrYTI0CTTwm-q0OZRnnBQQ/s1600/Manggarai+Spoorwegstation_1910.jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stasiun Manggarai Meester Cornelis</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Stasiun Manggarai pun di koleksi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Instituut
voor Taal,-Land-en Volkenkunde <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>(KITLV) dinamakan Meester Cornelis <a href="http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced/start/1?q_searchfield=station+meester+cornelis" target="_blank">http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced/start/1?q_searchfield=station+meester+cornelis</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjudX_3o9DaiGwMp-AOB4VRB3div6piveY_Ds3SxBfCocBz4iRNJVPpUV3qQyW3eQyeqeaBe0FicaOrzGQk1JcO1Mr626juDjEJE0e1emln8Kf42Dv_vIWoSS_l06SdtZer5vpA6cXhIOc/s1600/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Jatinegara+Staatsspoorwegen+1910.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjudX_3o9DaiGwMp-AOB4VRB3div6piveY_Ds3SxBfCocBz4iRNJVPpUV3qQyW3eQyeqeaBe0FicaOrzGQk1JcO1Mr626juDjEJE0e1emln8Kf42Dv_vIWoSS_l06SdtZer5vpA6cXhIOc/s1600/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Jatinegara+Staatsspoorwegen+1910.jpg" height="232" width="320" /></a></div>
Stasiun Jatinegara tampak difoto dari udara, koleksi Tropenmuseum <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Luchtfoto_van_Meester_Cornelis_met_het_S.S._station_Batavia_TMnr_10014900.jpg" target="_blank">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Luchtfoto_van_Meester_Cornelis_met_het_S.S._station_Batavia_TMnr_10014900.jpg</a> <br />
sesuai dengan judulnya <span style="font-size: small;"><span dir="auto">Luchtfoto van Meester Cornelis met het S.S. station Batavia </span></span><br />
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Setelah
membaca beberapa literatur, menyilangkan informasi antar dokumen (cross check)
foto, peta dan artikel, akhirnya saya tertarik untuk membahas sebuah stasiun
yang dibangun oleh N.I.S (Nederlandsch Indischë Spoorwegmaatschappij) pada
tahun 1872, stasiun tersebut adalah : BOEKIT DOERI PASAR<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(dari buku Spoorwegstations op Java - tulisan
: Michiel van Ballegoijen de Jong)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Stasiun
Bukit Duri yang kini menjadi Depo KRL Jabodetabek menjadi sangat menantang,
karena perkembangannya yang ajaib.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Oleh
karenanya saya hanya mencoba menarik sebuah benang merah dari foto-foto lama yang
berhasil dihimpun dari internet, artikel-artikel yang berhubungan dengan
stasiun Bukit Duri yang sangat minim, membaca peta kuno (Batavia) koleksi Koninklijk
Instituut voor Taal,-Land-en Volkenkunde <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>bertahun 1904, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mencocokkan dengan ‘google map’ <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan melakukan survei ke lokasi.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbplnh6e6blDeAh5zW-SweIhUqRPJstB2cTd1t1khQKkZmfo7CpBSeZg1tZtwlW0Q6j97vti-86OjHDhkYYrsfi-QBEEy4lL24DSe50tU2AEYl-D1EkVPUSxoMWLhFMDs1z-vrV-_D44M/s1600/Stasiun+Boekit+Doeri.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbplnh6e6blDeAh5zW-SweIhUqRPJstB2cTd1t1khQKkZmfo7CpBSeZg1tZtwlW0Q6j97vti-86OjHDhkYYrsfi-QBEEy4lL24DSe50tU2AEYl-D1EkVPUSxoMWLhFMDs1z-vrV-_D44M/s1600/Stasiun+Boekit+Doeri.jpg" height="260" width="320" /></a></div>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">tahun
1872 </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><a href="http://archipeddy.com/clipping/2010/buitenzorg.html" target="_blank">http://archipeddy.com/clipping/2010/buitenzorg.html</a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Berikut peta koleksi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Koninklijk
Instituut voor Taal,-Land-en Volkenkunde <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>bertahun 1904 yang diunduh dari <a href="http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced/start/77?q_searchfield=meester+cornelis" target="_blank">http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced/start/77?q_searchfield=meester+cornelis</a></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSkKVRd9anvKrQ7DJS8mJv6n4SNf7HvJyyk0qpRxLVR2pUvqUpPKEvwgWR0efsj15pW_Cqdtc3nXxgWMy3mm49k759HQUUUSzDEorpQPA_c6EyxLfHbpF5KRWbP8ERggJHfxIGmXY5BQU/s1600/Peta+8_TanahRendah.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSkKVRd9anvKrQ7DJS8mJv6n4SNf7HvJyyk0qpRxLVR2pUvqUpPKEvwgWR0efsj15pW_Cqdtc3nXxgWMy3mm49k759HQUUUSzDEorpQPA_c6EyxLfHbpF5KRWbP8ERggJHfxIGmXY5BQU/s1600/Peta+8_TanahRendah.jpg" height="168" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOlhq9dU-6PclK-TcWHlj0Os7ehMK7JW-_L0nCtheMGumKhIKKcaIReO5bOhcWS3OQAuPNE-IJEP7yU-XtZc3dMOE7W7t1dpZk5KP4ZN4dDAEQuS-hsNSKbnjoYssKGSLv_-EHcKozFxo/s1600/Peta+7b_GangBoengoer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOlhq9dU-6PclK-TcWHlj0Os7ehMK7JW-_L0nCtheMGumKhIKKcaIReO5bOhcWS3OQAuPNE-IJEP7yU-XtZc3dMOE7W7t1dpZk5KP4ZN4dDAEQuS-hsNSKbnjoYssKGSLv_-EHcKozFxo/s1600/Peta+7b_GangBoengoer.jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></div>
terdapat dua titik dengan notasi yang sama : 'stasiun Meester Cornelis'<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfxP0kSYaCrIIZsqALp0qssOU9jY4hTswhzuDNsuAAHF69gznvPVediFXyqgRelezxVXPkORFJzr_T25x6QOfDfsYdIjGznOX7Qn2psZFWv3SYYZZ_qU9AhHPrNKKjAULi23udRRv_8vg/s1600/Peta+7b_GangBoengoer(marked).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfxP0kSYaCrIIZsqALp0qssOU9jY4hTswhzuDNsuAAHF69gznvPVediFXyqgRelezxVXPkORFJzr_T25x6QOfDfsYdIjGznOX7Qn2psZFWv3SYYZZ_qU9AhHPrNKKjAULi23udRRv_8vg/s1600/Peta+7b_GangBoengoer(marked).jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih baik, saya bersama seorang teman <a href="https://www.facebook.com/pvngky?fref=ts" target="_blank">https://www.facebook.com/pvngky?fref=ts </a>berusaha meng-'superimpose' foto lama dari </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Koninklijk
Instituut voor Taal,-Land-en Volkenkunde <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>bertahun 1904 dengan pencitraan satelit 'Google maps' sebagai berikut</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0sVH4CbePkSj63BV3IdJScM2KWd7iIvC19xU283lGMqLIASqqBSTHGhA3-S97IzLXTOEh2oQe3V74tnpgam0dX0hzD7Ho-HjLFImbe2kQXL751vaIPNFrD7XK47fzw1WLEK8MhD8q1L0/s1600/peta+Gabungan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0sVH4CbePkSj63BV3IdJScM2KWd7iIvC19xU283lGMqLIASqqBSTHGhA3-S97IzLXTOEh2oQe3V74tnpgam0dX0hzD7Ho-HjLFImbe2kQXL751vaIPNFrD7XK47fzw1WLEK8MhD8q1L0/s1600/peta+Gabungan.jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> namun hingga kini masih ada dua foto yang masih menjadi misteri, foto yang pertama saya dapat dari teman di atas, dan hanya ada tulisan tangan, terbaca : 'Batavia' di pojok kiri-bawah foto, tanpa kami ketahui tahun kapan foto diambil, serta di mana foto diambil</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuplRiYZeol0RestDYAD_ANj1P4U4aUY2no1TD3zWh4jciPlBmeg92bLOmlyJEqMVNAA3pyoWzVEE6uAjil6LZ6m_Avma27_yRVjANn9rlRpAEoIZEF_UkSeASkpwHjMIShkIIviiAYks/s1600/Patrick-1.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuplRiYZeol0RestDYAD_ANj1P4U4aUY2no1TD3zWh4jciPlBmeg92bLOmlyJEqMVNAA3pyoWzVEE6uAjil6LZ6m_Avma27_yRVjANn9rlRpAEoIZEF_UkSeASkpwHjMIShkIIviiAYks/s1600/Patrick-1.bmp" height="203" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">sebuah foto misterius, hanya bertuliskan: 'Batavia'</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Foto misterius yang kedua, berasal dari koleksi 'Tropenmuseum</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFS_14iyZBKSpobMSDWuDADfwNPJsj0tlpbHWy_f44ett28JX_2_9_odK_6GeHkeFgIH-0hMrHER8pXcbZISYA_akKJRTsW1nPfVDGwPalPxzAi5TQ4pNnyFspXoGDId123LwyoiwvWHg/s1600/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_station_van_de_Nederlandsch-Indische_Spoorweg_Maatschappij_(NIS)_in_Meester_Cornelis_Batavia_TMnr_60025162(1896).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFS_14iyZBKSpobMSDWuDADfwNPJsj0tlpbHWy_f44ett28JX_2_9_odK_6GeHkeFgIH-0hMrHER8pXcbZISYA_akKJRTsW1nPfVDGwPalPxzAi5TQ4pNnyFspXoGDId123LwyoiwvWHg/s1600/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_station_van_de_Nederlandsch-Indische_Spoorweg_Maatschappij_(NIS)_in_Meester_Cornelis_Batavia_TMnr_60025162(1896).jpg" height="248" width="320" /></a></div>
Foto koleksi Tropenmuseum dapat dilihat di <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_station_van_de_Nederlandsch-Indische_Spoorweg_Maatschappij_%28NIS%29_in_Meester_Cornelis_Batavia_TMnr_60025162.jpg" target="_blank">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_station_van_de_Nederlandsch-Indische_Spoorweg_Maatschappij_%28NIS%29_in_Meester_Cornelis_Batavia_TMnr_60025162.jpg</a> <br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b><span style="font-size: x-large;">REKONSTRUKSI KE LOKASI</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;">Setelah melihat kedua foto tersebut, saya memutuskan untuk mendatangi TKP dan melihat sampai sejauh mana keanehannya :</span></span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lokasi pengambilan foto dan rekonstruksi dari pencitraan 'Google maps'</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;"> Titik 'D' adalah titik saya mengambil foto di bawah, dengan arah pengambilan sesuai dengan arah panah (warna merah), dan titik 'D1' adalah perkiraan fotografer masa silam mengambil foto 'Batavia' dengan sungai dan kereta kuda di atas, hanya ada 3 petunjuk pada foto 'loose' di atas</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ada
tulisan ‘Batavia’ di pojok kiri bawah foto</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">melibatkan
sebuah sungai yang besar</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">melibatkan
lintasan lengkung kereta api</span></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB2rjOHgi0CTplXL-XmZYewmAqugyZWgS5PHfkhZveIEqzeo-nkiEU6CXY0HvFZJ6Zul47jZcCjwgANOeTjBv0EsVqDXyH_dzIL3-08oxK_4D3ZYvT8EZpBQOT1CS6Lx1R_YoqXvAVUG8/s1600/2014-01-29+09.17.59txt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB2rjOHgi0CTplXL-XmZYewmAqugyZWgS5PHfkhZveIEqzeo-nkiEU6CXY0HvFZJ6Zul47jZcCjwgANOeTjBv0EsVqDXyH_dzIL3-08oxK_4D3ZYvT8EZpBQOT1CS6Lx1R_YoqXvAVUG8/s1600/2014-01-29+09.17.59txt.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pengambilan foto dari titik 'D' pada gambar 'Google Maps' di atas</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;"> benar-benar suasana yang jauh berbeda dan tak lagi dapat dikenali, namun dari penelusuran peta <a href="http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced/start/77?q_searchfield=meester+cornelis" target="_blank">http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced/start/77?q_searchfield=meester+cornelis </a></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;">di atas, saya berpedoman pada hal-hal sebagai berikut : </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> dari tulisan di kiri bawah, saya anggap foto berada di kota Jakarta (Batavia), kemudian dari lebar sungai pada foto, sepertinya tidak ada sungai yang lebih lebar dari Ciliwung di Jakarta; kemudian unsur yang ketiga adalah lintasan rel lengkung kereta api yang hampir sejajar sungai. Dari foto peta KITLV, setelah saya telusuri mulai dari 'Kleine Boom' sampai stasiun 'Meester Cornelis' di bawah, hanya di lokasi tersebut yang posisi <b><u>rel kereta api paling dekat dengan sungai</u></b>, dengan <u><b>jalur melengkung</b></u> tidak ada lagi di tempat yang lain.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">foto yang lain saya dapat dari koleksi KITLV dengan spot bagian belakang stasiun Bukit Duri yang merupakan stasiun terminus : <a href="http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced?q_searchfield=station+meester+cornelis" target="_blank">http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced?q_searchfield=station+meester+cornelis</a></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1tOcDccO8wjxLnMatj1n-SNyjcN-vfM-M0O5V_foFud1FWIY6UVHWqiR3WaH4mEITqelSW79py0wX8EmULtSUCft-KtJTNzqrw97xZoU7LW96iINX9b-_vJ0B0BotubbEHyT_HtAYedo/s1600/Meester_Cornelis(4).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1tOcDccO8wjxLnMatj1n-SNyjcN-vfM-M0O5V_foFud1FWIY6UVHWqiR3WaH4mEITqelSW79py0wX8EmULtSUCft-KtJTNzqrw97xZoU7LW96iINX9b-_vJ0B0BotubbEHyT_HtAYedo/s1600/Meester_Cornelis(4).jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">foto bagian belakang stasiun terminus 'Bukit Duri' dari arah pandang seberang sungai Ciliwung</td></tr>
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Boekit Doeri Pasar (Meester Cornelis) dibangun N.I.S </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</xml><![endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">(</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1872)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">
pada <b>Meander</b> sungai Ciliwung, oleh karena itu stasiun </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Boekit Doeri Pasar merupakan stasiun terminus (<i>kop station</i>)</span>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pada masa lalu, orientasi peradaban (ekonomi,
sosial, teknologi dan kebudayaan) masih ke sungai, tidak seperti era masa kini,
di mana orientasi menjadi ke jalan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Perkembangan suatu daerah selalu dimulai dari pesisir pantai, kemudian
masuk ke pedalaman (tempat yang lebih masuk) melalui sungai-sungai yang ada.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Bila anda ingin mengunjungi kota tua Semarang, dan miniatur kota 'KIRANGAN', silahkan meng klik link ini <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang.html</a> yang bersambung ke <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang_20.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang_20.html</a> dan di sini <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang_21.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang_21.html</a></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip-YL0grxpmSW2i0qw5i1nuNSzP_0FCwYSUQDuWFj540GHZtJXlumJveUrm05GbOiYSlWnl85eM_LgEYgd6yfRqIBfBB8FESJLPoimMl3Z5AbY16bnq3ytu8aCH_EGiQDbC0c8ZBne3CE/s1600/perahu_maur005indr01ill53.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip-YL0grxpmSW2i0qw5i1nuNSzP_0FCwYSUQDuWFj540GHZtJXlumJveUrm05GbOiYSlWnl85eM_LgEYgd6yfRqIBfBB8FESJLPoimMl3Z5AbY16bnq3ytu8aCH_EGiQDbC0c8ZBne3CE/s1600/perahu_maur005indr01ill53.gif" height="251" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">orientasi kehidupan adalah sungai <a href="http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/maur005indr01_01/maur005indr01_01_0007.php" target="_blank">http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/maur005indr01_01/maur005indr01_01_0007.php</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5wMhQTXsU4AFNSN7jdQkpOgVKK6_hosVpsZb_6QDtFKzGeFqc35ui6OsEOZ82CfZD8cnkzRSqvq_769XrN-Ezt05r2jykOUop4RZsH8g5bukKCgqyYkODhyICkzSXerZIOkds1-TeH4A/s1600/Matraman+rivier(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5wMhQTXsU4AFNSN7jdQkpOgVKK6_hosVpsZb_6QDtFKzGeFqc35ui6OsEOZ82CfZD8cnkzRSqvq_769XrN-Ezt05r2jykOUop4RZsH8g5bukKCgqyYkODhyICkzSXerZIOkds1-TeH4A/s1600/Matraman+rivier(2).jpg" height="191" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced?q_searchfield=meester+cornelis" target="_blank">http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced?q_searchfield=meester+cornelis</a></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt5b3e9qVu314FcbgTixt8XREealLPTvBH_xOMnF3FMwpt4lfPEMemW3jBcldhWubQ60Uk8chy7_kX4BIS41iljiXacl2fGD2B97Zf4kQjblTFTiYFHs21qyxh8eAu0CnAWMNDRXSwmYQ/s1600/Perahu_meester+1900.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt5b3e9qVu314FcbgTixt8XREealLPTvBH_xOMnF3FMwpt4lfPEMemW3jBcldhWubQ60Uk8chy7_kX4BIS41iljiXacl2fGD2B97Zf4kQjblTFTiYFHs21qyxh8eAu0CnAWMNDRXSwmYQ/s1600/Perahu_meester+1900.jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced/start/62?q_searchfield=meester+cornelis" target="_blank">http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced/start/62?q_searchfield=meester+cornelis</a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada
masa kini, Depo KRL Jabodetabek Bukit Duri (eks. N.I.S treinstation Meester
Cornelis) menjadi langganan banjir karena posisi nya yang di meander Ciliwung,
dan kondisi sungai yang sudah tidak seperti dulu lagi.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Y4095-7JbXAvmWcX8FVIgT8FI72CWwqjYj4922rKehuO8FoqadUql9KTJtSaF3qN2l1zUby-5wU4w-LNFd_keEsL04oX8VoNip-gPh6JboQMhWyM5UpYgBcUhgtz3AOfuFf050udVlo/s1600/Peta+Gugel(meander).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Y4095-7JbXAvmWcX8FVIgT8FI72CWwqjYj4922rKehuO8FoqadUql9KTJtSaF3qN2l1zUby-5wU4w-LNFd_keEsL04oX8VoNip-gPh6JboQMhWyM5UpYgBcUhgtz3AOfuFf050udVlo/s1600/Peta+Gugel(meander).jpg" height="222" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">posisi stasiun N.I.S 'BOEKIT DOERI PASAR' di <u><b>meander</b></u> sungai Ciliwung</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">N.I.S waktu itu membangun stasiunnya di meander sungai Ciliwung sehingga stasiun tersebut merupakan stasiun <i>'terminus'</i>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dari gambaran foto-foto pada masa itu, di sungai Ciliwung sekitar stasiun didirikan merupakan jalur transportasi logistik dan perdagangan yang utama. Rumah-rumah penduduk serta toko-toko dibuat menghadap ke sungai, bukan ke jalan seperti pada zaman sekarang, sehingga alasan yang paling masuk di akal adalah, stasiun ini :'BOEKIT DOERI PASAR' ingin menjemput bola para pedagang dan penumpang yang lain justru di titik meander tersebut. Penamaan 'BOEKIT DOERI PASAR' sendiri sebetulnya bisa memberi gambaran bahwa stasiun tersebut juga sebuah pasar, atau setidaknya berdekatan dengan pasar, di mana pasar sekarang karena kehidupan mulai berubah orientasi ke jalan, maka pasar bergeser ke 'Lapangan Roos' kurang lebih 700meter dari depo KRL Bukit Duri (ex. stasiun BOEKIT DOERI PASAR)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dengan posisi nya sekarang di meander sungai Ciliwung, maka eks stasiun 'Boekit Doeri Pasar' yang telah menjadi depo KRL Jabodetabek menjadi langganan banjir dari tahun ke tahun </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyQOiU8WjJFPV5IYiTMmFCKcGUyOFTaP7RRBN2MvPZGRBfqdpLeMQi5hpKSbv3Dz4H7YFB2AKSTSmstMo_Aeu7h0S96wrPk5eOpyYlZCBmxwdNk2pmcKG07aFDIQbI1ChEkaq8ZJ6o9hM/s1600/Bukit_Duri_Terendam_Banjir_2816.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyQOiU8WjJFPV5IYiTMmFCKcGUyOFTaP7RRBN2MvPZGRBfqdpLeMQi5hpKSbv3Dz4H7YFB2AKSTSmstMo_Aeu7h0S96wrPk5eOpyYlZCBmxwdNk2pmcKG07aFDIQbI1ChEkaq8ZJ6o9hM/s1600/Bukit_Duri_Terendam_Banjir_2816.jpg" height="212" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Depo eks. stasiun 'Boekit Doeri Pasar' terendam banjir hampir setiap tahun sekali</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> sumber : <a href="http://data.tribunnews.com/foto/images/preview/20130116_Stasiun_Bukit_Duri_Terendam_Banjir_2816.jpg" target="_blank">http://data.tribunnews.com/foto/images/preview/20130116_Stasiun_Bukit_Duri_Terendam_Banjir_2816.jpg</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pada waktu saya mengambil foto tanggal 29 Januari 2014, banjir di sekitar stasiun sudah lebih 'mending' daripada foto di atas</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGmIPm3ra_1i4VJX_F3XainvnnPB6hx7t8NMz0XjWp1ibSWjPEpCK-WoQX13K-LifWsvba_UxuyYdryWJJgfMdU0vjIo5HfIGadSqqZUpJDYSXg0UrllUsB23UFxzoiuylIsOuPlA84Bc/s1600/2014-01-29+09.15.52txt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGmIPm3ra_1i4VJX_F3XainvnnPB6hx7t8NMz0XjWp1ibSWjPEpCK-WoQX13K-LifWsvba_UxuyYdryWJJgfMdU0vjIo5HfIGadSqqZUpJDYSXg0UrllUsB23UFxzoiuylIsOuPlA84Bc/s1600/2014-01-29+09.15.52txt.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Depo KRL Bukit Duri (eks stasiun 'Boekit Doeri Pasar') berada di kanan dari foto</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sebuah foto lain saya ambil pada arah berlawanan dengan foto di atas, untuk mendapatkan angle yang kurang lebih sama dengan sebuah foto di masa lampau </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHnt0kruNZSu1RrmAdgWU0T-HKVMNDoIyt7EUNbtN0IwznoneO5TYDYjARxn4NNi4PkYFEK4ll51gg68kwqwAFSYpCPajVduWi2lvp7_FxWdQLmBLSCN9VXaFOLfYE9oTjRlyMhqxLgSY/s1600/Ebay.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHnt0kruNZSu1RrmAdgWU0T-HKVMNDoIyt7EUNbtN0IwznoneO5TYDYjARxn4NNi4PkYFEK4ll51gg68kwqwAFSYpCPajVduWi2lvp7_FxWdQLmBLSCN9VXaFOLfYE9oTjRlyMhqxLgSY/s1600/Ebay.jpg" height="217" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://galleryplus.ebayimg.com/ws/web/300580372588_1_0_1/1000x1000.jpg" target="_blank">http://galleryplus.ebayimg.com/ws/web/300580372588_1_0_1/1000x1000.jpg</a> lebih memperlihatkan suasana sibuknya sebuah '<b>PASAR</b>'</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">depo Bukit Duri berada di sisi kiri foto, sama seperti foto di atasnya</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Foto kedua </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPSPtZyFfZbY4at0QdnIIDrEqRZWYp0yU0CXQx31Lj6PX1vUFF3nYI5k3mZKK2uL__KcZpFn5N8zbaYfMphKusPjrdAvvSTJm1mGa190pSY8BxQ2YPzqm_xv6jsaperML2CUck2gv3A8o/s1600/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_station_van_de_Nederlandsch-Indische_Spoorweg_Maatschappij_%2528NIS%2529_in_Meester_Cornelis_Batavia_TMnr_60025162%25281896%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPSPtZyFfZbY4at0QdnIIDrEqRZWYp0yU0CXQx31Lj6PX1vUFF3nYI5k3mZKK2uL__KcZpFn5N8zbaYfMphKusPjrdAvvSTJm1mGa190pSY8BxQ2YPzqm_xv6jsaperML2CUck2gv3A8o/s1600/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_station_van_de_Nederlandsch-Indische_Spoorweg_Maatschappij_%2528NIS%2529_in_Meester_Cornelis_Batavia_TMnr_60025162%25281896%2529.jpg" height="248" width="320" /></a></div>
Foto dari koleksi Tropenmuseum di atas, <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_station_van_de_Nederlandsch-Indische_Spoorweg_Maatschappij_%28NIS%29_in_Meester_Cornelis_Batavia_TMnr_60025162.jpg" target="_blank">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_station_van_de_Nederlandsch-Indische_Spoorweg_Maatschappij_%28NIS%29_in_Meester_Cornelis_Batavia_TMnr_60025162.jpg</a> berjudul : <br /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><i><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Het station van de Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg
Maatschappij (NIS) in Meester Cornelis Batavia - </span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">yang agak membuat bingung adalah : arah orientasi foto, dan adanya lintasan berbelok yang menjauhi bangunan yang nampak seperti DEPO tersebut.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Bila melihat posisi peta DEPO stasiun Jatinegara yang ada saat ini, maka arah belokannya adalah kebalikan dari foto di atas </span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLn5ONBdBhwtGlNM1lRynaECgyYJGEQfbZjWDcJqJB5rS7UCdVdPsGyTGe3H0X99iEwUXS05ZMAYaufk8mbKpjl7_1QjQBlCjfwtIKQD4KiHc_Eg2UpXA-1Dx5aukFojEiNVdrjjx-Zxw/s1600/peta+Gabungan_2(JNG).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLn5ONBdBhwtGlNM1lRynaECgyYJGEQfbZjWDcJqJB5rS7UCdVdPsGyTGe3H0X99iEwUXS05ZMAYaufk8mbKpjl7_1QjQBlCjfwtIKQD4KiHc_Eg2UpXA-1Dx5aukFojEiNVdrjjx-Zxw/s1600/peta+Gabungan_2(JNG).jpg" height="201" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">posisi belokan terhadap bangunan DEPO JNG, kebalikan dari foto di atas</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">untuk itu saya mencoba masuk ke dalam Depo KRL Bukit Duri, memanfaatkan kondisi yang pada saat ini sedang banjir (ini adalah sebuah tindakan pelanggaran hukum)</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2ciToFraoh9uDG2S5ykU8SGGNomKgYhfZM7wLgcaHvW3QxN3p2GmpQ_fM3q1Ax1uzDaa4xN-GyF0EJyZjZvIOqa8NLYW8pCExbOcBAtfzrGu-wEvilaIO2E2h6rQThGZwBbTCE6x_Vw0/s1600/2014-01-29+09.33.32txt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2ciToFraoh9uDG2S5ykU8SGGNomKgYhfZM7wLgcaHvW3QxN3p2GmpQ_fM3q1Ax1uzDaa4xN-GyF0EJyZjZvIOqa8NLYW8pCExbOcBAtfzrGu-wEvilaIO2E2h6rQThGZwBbTCE6x_Vw0/s1600/2014-01-29+09.33.32txt.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Situasi di dalam Depo KRL 'Bukit Duri'</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">rumah sinyal dalam Depo KRL 'Bukit Duri'</td></tr>
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<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">dekat gerbang masuk depo Bukit Duri, kanan dari arah Manggarai</td></tr>
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<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">masuk memanfaatkan celah pagar yang terbuka</td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sungguh
aneh, jika melihat foto yang sekarang, serta membandingkannya dengan foto yang
lama, pada foto yang lama, apabila rel yang belok ke arah kiri bidang foto
tersebut diteruskan arahnya, maka itu akan menabrak kompleks gedung SMA Negeri
8 Jakarta yang sekarang (perhatikan di foto Google map)</span></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtSKySKEob9iE8SByedsG7E2Y4gmVIq5simRYggooclsPtfJE_t0NomVhQ3swFEzn-U4hoZ4TdqnR47vBkffgqQlx5GivDLbgXJIfv2llor92EMBLyvVoZTjS7aXyX0DUY5-MQedbwQ9o/s1600/Peta+Buk_Dur_Ut(4)marked.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtSKySKEob9iE8SByedsG7E2Y4gmVIq5simRYggooclsPtfJE_t0NomVhQ3swFEzn-U4hoZ4TdqnR47vBkffgqQlx5GivDLbgXJIfv2llor92EMBLyvVoZTjS7aXyX0DUY5-MQedbwQ9o/s1600/Peta+Buk_Dur_Ut(4)marked.jpg" height="179" width="320" /></a></div>
Turn Table (meja pemutar arah lokomotif) sudah tidak ditemui jejaknya di dalam depo KRL 'Bukit Duri' (untuk stasiun type 'terminus' di jaman belum ada lokomotif dobel kabin keberadaan turn table sangat diperlukan/ urgent)<br />
<br />
<br />
dan untuk melihat bagaimana keadaan di belakang, sebagai pembanding foto yang lama, saya mengambil gambar dari titik 'K'; 'L' dan 'M' sementara posisi juru foto pada foto yang lama, saya perkirakan berada pada titik 'M1'<br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_ImKywNLLtAutIluU796T4hr9CerDIzZUctzGFz1xk46bcyxQI-T8M8IjC38gqPaaF8gIGzIIgRicKyz8K8BfUBNbd4vu7XL8YRh_PhRnlrZcrns_P3K-ZYD5KyhKCxRxBov6fI8ZwiQ/s1600/Meester_Cornelis%25284%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_ImKywNLLtAutIluU796T4hr9CerDIzZUctzGFz1xk46bcyxQI-T8M8IjC38gqPaaF8gIGzIIgRicKyz8K8BfUBNbd4vu7XL8YRh_PhRnlrZcrns_P3K-ZYD5KyhKCxRxBov6fI8ZwiQ/s1600/Meester_Cornelis%25284%2529.jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">'BOEKIT DOERI PASAR' tampak di foto dari seberang meander sungai Ciliwung</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj97XH2205H0bw_XPdMuoVQJlRD7aCKZ8dboV2cFx-oQI0gob6Fw4eda_Ebpeex3t-5fJLpBiVXo4fsJpPlomk0gwhBE2dcMhWgxh15yVJiV_e8cZqVd0ZwCXsWgoilA6jzMqmik0yGeEQ/s1600/Peta+Buk_Dur_Ut(3)marked.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj97XH2205H0bw_XPdMuoVQJlRD7aCKZ8dboV2cFx-oQI0gob6Fw4eda_Ebpeex3t-5fJLpBiVXo4fsJpPlomk0gwhBE2dcMhWgxh15yVJiV_e8cZqVd0ZwCXsWgoilA6jzMqmik0yGeEQ/s1600/Peta+Buk_Dur_Ut(3)marked.jpg" height="158" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Peta Google dan perkiraan 'M1' terhadap pengambilan foto saya</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaRkR8D-Ig-hYyxPeJTXiTzkpOVcMIkh2lu25LzvamAUfQm2TgPqPiwgKifmPapuLOkcUXw1T8iBq8fqyTStxQqRRoe2K1RluSQmR_0EXKdjA-PfNVJjW3gcTP0nY79kiWgCxc3X4_LGM/s1600/2014-01-29+09.43.02txt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaRkR8D-Ig-hYyxPeJTXiTzkpOVcMIkh2lu25LzvamAUfQm2TgPqPiwgKifmPapuLOkcUXw1T8iBq8fqyTStxQqRRoe2K1RluSQmR_0EXKdjA-PfNVJjW3gcTP0nY79kiWgCxc3X4_LGM/s1600/2014-01-29+09.43.02txt.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">titik 'K' -gang kecil di antara depo (kanan) dan Ciliwung (kiri)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhi8QnRnBJDmBj_GWulmKZlv6mVJTOMDUZ15PNGe_6vFSbMvKo2tRXpXTkl1ee6it3sp031UI4B7iN2LaH0e0KrTQ3DEqcT7gdCh4tWvwuKXrJ6kcBgNN3K6v-XM25bRbTZiT8epEqiM0/s1600/2014-01-29+09.44.13txt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhi8QnRnBJDmBj_GWulmKZlv6mVJTOMDUZ15PNGe_6vFSbMvKo2tRXpXTkl1ee6it3sp031UI4B7iN2LaH0e0KrTQ3DEqcT7gdCh4tWvwuKXrJ6kcBgNN3K6v-XM25bRbTZiT8epEqiM0/s1600/2014-01-29+09.44.13txt.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">titik 'L' -Posisi muka air banjir terlihat di belakang bawah kursi</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEASD5JlOYEfh4kj902_-2Pdxy7TD2_kP0Bg7s3DQPoAXdE-s-Ie8dFUj_idN1-CLlPRl7PPl5sWxuTl2ehHGubrk9ksr3IuT2uvYqTE_AudajL6-qbaFJEWxSFPGt5F_FO7S1hJqcaP4/s1600/2014-01-29+09.45.38txt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEASD5JlOYEfh4kj902_-2Pdxy7TD2_kP0Bg7s3DQPoAXdE-s-Ie8dFUj_idN1-CLlPRl7PPl5sWxuTl2ehHGubrk9ksr3IuT2uvYqTE_AudajL6-qbaFJEWxSFPGt5F_FO7S1hJqcaP4/s1600/2014-01-29+09.45.38txt.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">titik 'M' tiang Catenary terakhir, ujung terminus depo 'Bukit Duri'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixsPIm7s47MgsWce5NzXKj5sZsIu5RBDsUMmNx0HavvHEeel7aRaNV11Qg4oQDrG1FXRvTcS6wm3CoMoMyGHPp3cR_XF1qD5HgekuoDbS_4z1jpwNPfsgpkLcUKQTF9B-rFcx36kzOJ_k/s1600/2014-01-29+09.46.15txt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixsPIm7s47MgsWce5NzXKj5sZsIu5RBDsUMmNx0HavvHEeel7aRaNV11Qg4oQDrG1FXRvTcS6wm3CoMoMyGHPp3cR_XF1qD5HgekuoDbS_4z1jpwNPfsgpkLcUKQTF9B-rFcx36kzOJ_k/s1600/2014-01-29+09.46.15txt.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">titik 'N' tiang Catenary terakhir pada jarak agak jauh - persis di belakang pos Polisi SubSektor Bukit Duri</td></tr>
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peta tahun 1910 ini, stasiun Manggarai belum ada, begitu pula jalur kereta api
dari Manggarai ke stasiun Jatinegara. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR6_zbSf1wVQqYhbK3juHaBhDFbUOrtz-jwi_g3GY8b4vb5iHwm15mzTOPKirgMqxPVGXFO0EZ57QLMI0ET62SCs-U3LvMfGpndrWsmt5O93oaAfdGaaSTv1pPINUWSSKmnJ35lWx5WUc/s1600/Peta+7b_GangBoengoer(marked).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR6_zbSf1wVQqYhbK3juHaBhDFbUOrtz-jwi_g3GY8b4vb5iHwm15mzTOPKirgMqxPVGXFO0EZ57QLMI0ET62SCs-U3LvMfGpndrWsmt5O93oaAfdGaaSTv1pPINUWSSKmnJ35lWx5WUc/s1600/Peta+7b_GangBoengoer(marked).jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced/start/77?q_searchfield=meester+cornelis" target="_blank">http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced/start/77?q_searchfield=meester+cornelis</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcJFzaAhPypuxqOMPTCRJwEKCQ3AYHZKbHgoTgu76FtaAm5dKKMl5y7qFoS8b1BBaciG_msc5X3AT3OvwJoy2Uj65z3QO0truG52INBtIpqeoFt_Uw8JGMUnwxVX6yuwL7qNHs7JPpYYc/s1600/Bukit+Duri.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcJFzaAhPypuxqOMPTCRJwEKCQ3AYHZKbHgoTgu76FtaAm5dKKMl5y7qFoS8b1BBaciG_msc5X3AT3OvwJoy2Uj65z3QO0truG52INBtIpqeoFt_Uw8JGMUnwxVX6yuwL7qNHs7JPpYYc/s1600/Bukit+Duri.jpg" height="170" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jembatan ini belum dibangun pada saat peta dibuat</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
terlihat sebuah rangkaian (Eendaagsche Express) dihela lokomotif C-53, dengan perkiraan tahun 1930~1935 karena terlihat tiang-tiang catenary untuk KRL BonBon sudah ada di sepanjang tepi rel. foto di atas diambil dari : <a href="http://mikes.railhistory.railfan.net/r160.html" target="_blank">http://mikes.railhistory.railfan.net/r160.html</a>. <br />
<h3>
<span style="color: #990000;"> Anda saya persilahkan berkunjung ke</span> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/pengenalan-lokomotif-uap.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/pengenalan-lokomotif-uap.html</a> untuk mengenal lebih dalam tentang lokomotif uap, dan sedikit sejarah</h3>
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Mei tahun 1918 dan diperkirakan jalur Manggarai ke stasiun Meester Cornelis Staatsspoorwegen (JNG yang sekarang) juga baru selesai dibangun pada tahun-tahun tersebut.</span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJSpXo-5p6-4wSJFny5wsfUmk4BiSPAjgU2ybcmtjEqZf2q8HaIdr0l-rekhFAPY6LKjM8S9aB09MqArW-aGDImvbDzcUTz2jQE6ubZlqOmHcWDxIwvyyPlepoKXEnO9P4ieu4hn2CBjM/s1600/2014-01-29+16.23.19.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJSpXo-5p6-4wSJFny5wsfUmk4BiSPAjgU2ybcmtjEqZf2q8HaIdr0l-rekhFAPY6LKjM8S9aB09MqArW-aGDImvbDzcUTz2jQE6ubZlqOmHcWDxIwvyyPlepoKXEnO9P4ieu4hn2CBjM/s1600/2014-01-29+16.23.19.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Foto di lokasi yang sama, diambil pada tanggal 29 Januari 2014</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stasiun Manggarai baru dibangun pada tahun 1907
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terletak beberapa ratus meter ke arah selatan dengan titik temu di Bukit Duri
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcwJU16WIWtEtC6Y7fP38RBtjzN-TawbPWyInarRpira_QzEveyVo837ZHMWDLMrSZhibnSAtaKya6Wmf0LAjY4wa61AyFPRnKeN-d6PTfFDfdvDkpVE0K0ybfShAasNXUFmJbm5aYzSA/s1600/Manggarai+Spoorwegstation_1910(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcwJU16WIWtEtC6Y7fP38RBtjzN-TawbPWyInarRpira_QzEveyVo837ZHMWDLMrSZhibnSAtaKya6Wmf0LAjY4wa61AyFPRnKeN-d6PTfFDfdvDkpVE0K0ybfShAasNXUFmJbm5aYzSA/s1600/Manggarai+Spoorwegstation_1910(2).jpg" height="168" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">masa pembangunan stasiun MRI</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> foto pembangunan stasiun Manggarai (MRI) yang ada pada koleksi KITLV <a href="http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/start/4?f_trefwoord[0]=railway+stations" target="_blank">http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/start/4?f_trefwoord[0]=railway+stations</a> diperkirakan berada pada tahun 1918</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dan di bawah ini adalah foto pembangunan stasiun MRI koleksi Tropenmuseum <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_in_aanbouw_zijnde_spoorwegstation_van_Manggarai_Weltevreden_TMnr_10014230.jpg" target="_blank">http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_in_aanbouw_zijnde_spoorwegstation_van_Manggarai_Weltevreden_TMnr_10014230.jpg</a></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7CX82Nrf8PZsYASHUln9xQ90fMhyphenhyphen1P5kxyN6eMCDibyjN_pCNovgMncdAIwg2cQbiOp8aLPJ7qJDqEMwZLXN-LwZmK14l0QJTasoQaj2mrBCse1FBS9QSrQ74yTTDDVUURfNCbkxe79k/s1600/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_in_aanbouw_zijnde_spoorwegstation_van_Manggarai_Weltevreden_TMnr_10014230.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7CX82Nrf8PZsYASHUln9xQ90fMhyphenhyphen1P5kxyN6eMCDibyjN_pCNovgMncdAIwg2cQbiOp8aLPJ7qJDqEMwZLXN-LwZmK14l0QJTasoQaj2mrBCse1FBS9QSrQ74yTTDDVUURfNCbkxe79k/s1600/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Het_in_aanbouw_zijnde_spoorwegstation_van_Manggarai_Weltevreden_TMnr_10014230.jpg" height="232" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">pembangunan stasiun MRI (koleksi Tropenmuseum - dilihat dari arah pintu air yang sekarang</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW9OC6_Mo4usj8LnLdCoKmEEZq4UOU34Av5j7aknhnFV23g-TcXXSC2ja1DYf00fH7QMZ2kigQ7qubUhK_Vdca_C8eTnlvah5LVc5cEQuQpf-XpE7sGOcjcesNmZAA74EIMJl4tIDOvUI/s1600/2013-12-15+09.17.19crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW9OC6_Mo4usj8LnLdCoKmEEZq4UOU34Av5j7aknhnFV23g-TcXXSC2ja1DYf00fH7QMZ2kigQ7qubUhK_Vdca_C8eTnlvah5LVc5cEQuQpf-XpE7sGOcjcesNmZAA74EIMJl4tIDOvUI/s1600/2013-12-15+09.17.19crop.jpg" height="252" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stasiun MRI foto Desember 2013 dengan sedikit <span style="color: red;">cabe</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stasiun Manggarai - Meester Cornelis - Desember 2013</td></tr>
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Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-19431238881772480672014-01-27T10:26:00.000-08:002014-01-27T22:17:51.652-08:00PENGENALAN LOKOMOTIF UAP<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>LOKOMOTIF C53 - COMPOUND - MALLET DAN ARTICULATED</b></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: small;">Terlepas dari semua catatan minornya, lokomotif Staatspoorwegen seri 1000 buatan pabrik 'Werkspoor' ini merupakan lokomotif yang unik dan bersejarah. Kegagalannya justru bisa memberi pelajaran berharga pada kita</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ6KfBirZ2Bwzpzn9Sj3Ic0PnzdRImYx7iEDjjhcFjfgqFQyB5xLJGjjYtvCY-_KgZ3iVpVoBaF5UWuvopd7sgJ6_A8H0w0EDao_9kvPK0DaQO_9jyjj8ybvp2_BHY5cfFDIIpM_1RDo8/s1600/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_exprestrein_met_een_2-C-1_viercylinder-compound_locomotief_met_oververhitter_en_voedingsvoorwarmer_en_een_tender_erachter_TMnr_10007618.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ6KfBirZ2Bwzpzn9Sj3Ic0PnzdRImYx7iEDjjhcFjfgqFQyB5xLJGjjYtvCY-_KgZ3iVpVoBaF5UWuvopd7sgJ6_A8H0w0EDao_9kvPK0DaQO_9jyjj8ybvp2_BHY5cfFDIIpM_1RDo8/s1600/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_exprestrein_met_een_2-C-1_viercylinder-compound_locomotief_met_oververhitter_en_voedingsvoorwarmer_en_een_tender_erachter_TMnr_10007618.jpg" height="198" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lokomotif cepat 2-C-1 dengan mesin compound empat silinder</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
gambar dari : <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_exprestrein_met_een_2-C-1_viercylinder-compound_locomotief_met_oververhitter_en_voedingsvoorwarmer_en_een_tender_erachter_TMnr_10007618.jpg" target="_blank">http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_exprestrein_met_een_2-C-1_viercylinder-compound_locomotief_met_oververhitter_en_voedingsvoorwarmer_en_een_tender_erachter_TMnr_10007618.jpg</a><br />
<br />
lokomotif C53 merupakan lokomotif citarasa Belanda yang lebih manis dari lokomotif Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft BR01 <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilPhyELRZSxRke0mOQ_vmECQ2Fr8NqGjl2ptWOEVF3C5TN9MaqER7sj_RaR52se3Dub0CLRWmOdiv3V7ExYN8Duy-HrgBmODqlb8HzQNtxCdBc2kOPN4qXXPU69lWakymXYtjZSXZ6Hjg/s1600/PIKO+BR01(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilPhyELRZSxRke0mOQ_vmECQ2Fr8NqGjl2ptWOEVF3C5TN9MaqER7sj_RaR52se3Dub0CLRWmOdiv3V7ExYN8Duy-HrgBmODqlb8HzQNtxCdBc2kOPN4qXXPU69lWakymXYtjZSXZ6Hjg/s1600/PIKO+BR01(2).jpg" height="180" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">model miniatur Lokomotif DRG BR01 skala HO 1:87</td></tr>
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<br />
Sama-sama memiliki susunan roda 4-6-2, lokomotif C-53 memiliki kabin masinis yang cukup unik dengan bentuk mirip setrikaan jadul arang ayam jago<br />
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0Lbvo5tI7twnETh51nDLM3JHg4pW-sJZ6TZUFnjEVSgiEbwZWGTu4caW08vuBRAkvvLRi-eKWMkLDgVVzA_gZ1A4GbTuvOv3DgxdgKv2WWueOPQutuNxSPw8Deo2yvxgdUhVAHf1jW1Q/s1600/Setrika+ayamjago.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0Lbvo5tI7twnETh51nDLM3JHg4pW-sJZ6TZUFnjEVSgiEbwZWGTu4caW08vuBRAkvvLRi-eKWMkLDgVVzA_gZ1A4GbTuvOv3DgxdgKv2WWueOPQutuNxSPw8Deo2yvxgdUhVAHf1jW1Q/s1600/Setrika+ayamjago.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">setrikaan jadul arang ayam jago, mirip kabin masinis C-53</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Kredit foto : <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl8npCV3F2YEgjUTpl38JhYxGPaLWKMTNJKHzdJBgBpf4tCeBYLVlwHLrLqiwlvbp__abi_Nyumtgi39N4HWj055k5Eu0waFKhUASHdgTLkZJqsTuS3eKOjjURGVNMVpFRFC3-OsO0UZU/s1600/DSC00913.JPG" target="_blank">https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl8npCV3F2YEgjUTpl38JhYxGPaLWKMTNJKHzdJBgBpf4tCeBYLVlwHLrLqiwlvbp__abi_Nyumtgi39N4HWj055k5Eu0waFKhUASHdgTLkZJqsTuS3eKOjjURGVNMVpFRFC3-OsO0UZU/s1600/DSC00913.JPG</a><br />
<br />
mari kita lihat bentuk kabin masinis C-53 dari dekat<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lokomotif seri 1000 C-53</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Banyak penilaian miring terhadap lokomotif Staartspoorwegen C-53 ini seperti yang pernah saya tulis di <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/susunan-roda-lokomotif-uap.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/susunan-roda-lokomotif-uap.html</a> anda bisa meng klik nya untuk me-refresh kembali<br />
<br />
di sana tertulis : <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><b>Werkspoor</b> sama sekali bukan
nama terkenal dalam dunia pembuatan lokomotif uap. Pabrik inipun sebelumnya
belum pernah berpengalaman dalam merancang lokomotif 4 <span style="font-size: large;"><b>silinder compound</b></span>.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
Lalu apakah sebenarnya lokomotif 4 silinder compound itu ?...<br />
mari kita sejenak mempelajari dasar-dasar teknologi yang dipakai pada lokomotif uap, karena saya bukan seorang yang mempunyai kapasitas mengupas tentang mekanikal, maka di sini saya uraikan dasar-dasarnya saja, yang penting secara umum kita bisa mengerti apakah sebenarnya lokomotif 4 silinder compound, teknologi yang dipakai Werkspoor untuk ditanamkan pada lokomotif <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">'paradepaard'-nya Staatsspoorwegen yang digadang-gadang menegakkan panji-panji 4S (</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="line-height: 115%;">TEKNOLOGI EKSPANSI COMPOUND PADA LOKOMOTIF</span></b></span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sebuah <b>mesin compound</b> merupakan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine&usg=ALkJrhh4XQDRSbGoL4AyWl64Ncqt56vLpA" title="Mesin">mesin</a> yang memiliki lebih dari satu tahap untuk membalikkan
energi dari fluida bertekanan, (yang didapat dari knalpot dari tahap pertama) diumpankan
ke tahap kedua, dan kadang-kadang juga kemudian ke tahap berikutnya lagi. Pada
dasarnya teknologi ini diciptakan sebagai sarana untuk membuat <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_engine&usg=ALkJrhgKN0DYD1R20wIQIb4biotVQWd9NQ" title="Mesin uap">mesin uap</a> menjadi lebih berdaya-guna (efisien). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mesin compound dengan menggunakan beberapa
tahapan juga telah digunakan pada <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine&usg=ALkJrhjzKHMSuTe8AezCqdddyrhDai_2OA" title="Mesin pembakaran internal">mesin pembakaran internal</a> dan mempunyai
segment market yang cukup kontinyu. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tahapan mesin compound bisa berbeda-beda atau
teknologi serupa, misalnya: </span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam
‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">turbo compound engine’</i> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>gas buang dari silinder disemburkan melewati
turbin, dengan dua tahap yang berbeda. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam
‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">compound steam locomotive’</i> uap dialirkan
dari sebuah silinder atau beberapa silinder bertekanan tinggi ke silinder bertekanan
lebih rendah atau dua tahap silinder, dengan tekanan yang sama. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam
mesin uap <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘triple expansion’</i> –
di mana uap bertekanan tinggi dihembuskan melewati tiga tingkatan silinder
berturut-turut sambil mengurangi tekanannya. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Teknologi tersebut umum dipakai untuk
mesin-mesin kapal laut di zaman keemasan mesin uap. </span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada beberapa kelas lokomotif, ada yang memakai
teknologi mesin dalam expansi sederhana maupun compound, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>namun kebanyakan lokomotif compound dirubah
menjadi lokomotif mesin biasa (simple) untuk menambah kekuatan tenaga, dengan
mengorbankan efisiensi (seperti pada sebagian besar <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZR_X_class&usg=ALkJrhh_oX__n8TtV7zqnWoaqosRSHAGwg" title="NZR X kelas">kelas X NZR</a> – lokomotif di New Zealand ). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Teknologi yang umum pada ‘compound engine’ adalah : uap
bertekanan tinggi dikembangkan dalam satu atau dua piston bertekanan tinggi, setelah
menghasilkan panas dan kehilangan tekanan, tekanan tersebut lalu dialirkan ke
knalpot yang lebih besar volume nya yang dialiri piston ber tekanan rendah, (bisa
atau dua, - atau bahkan lebih), sehingga memperpanjang siklus. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Singkat kata silinder bekerja secara
"seri" kebalikan dari teknologi <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">simple-expansion</b>
di mana silinder bekerja di "paralel", di mana tekanan uap dikembangkan
hanya sekali dalam satu silinder. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmYrgMvI4266qkjpgoGRJ7OS3hlGkaBBpEyxChL_4N7dZqHB-PB3yOCq_4jSckbNt3RjQJFAYtpNnmZFibhrCE3x1rk5otPQ1nKGYxEmyZnVFCUCrEQRRon3EQD-0jADRGb-GEn1z9qQc/s1600/4_GLSS_1003_2_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmYrgMvI4266qkjpgoGRJ7OS3hlGkaBBpEyxChL_4N7dZqHB-PB3yOCq_4jSckbNt3RjQJFAYtpNnmZFibhrCE3x1rk5otPQ1nKGYxEmyZnVFCUCrEQRRon3EQD-0jADRGb-GEn1z9qQc/s1600/4_GLSS_1003_2_3.jpg" height="193" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">lokomotif class 1003 Staatsspoorwegen; kredit foto : <a href="http://www.beneluxspoor.org/bnls/SS_1003_2_2.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.beneluxspoor.org/bnls/SS_1003_2_2.jpg</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tujuan akhir a</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">plikasi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">teknologi compound engine pada </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">lokomotif kereta adalah </span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">efisiensi penggunaan
bahan bakar dan </span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><b>air</b>, sekaligus </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">perbandingan
antara </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">daya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
yang besar</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span lang="IN">/ berat </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">lokomotif
itu sendiri, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">karena suhu dan penurunan
tekanan yang terjadi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">membuat </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">siklus bahan bakar lebih </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">panjang</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">yang akhirnya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">menghasil</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">kan peningkatan efisiensi; keuntungan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">lainnya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span lang="IN">bahkan kualitas </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">torsi
bertambah,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">namun</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span lang="IN">keausan di trek</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
bisa dikurangi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">Dalam
situasi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">tanjakan
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">berat dan beban gandar rendah, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">teknologi
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">lokomotif </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">ber-compound engine</span></b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b> </b></span><span lang="IN"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>sering dianggap sebagai solusi yang paling
layak</b></span>.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Apabila kita menengok jauh ke belakang, pembangunan jaringan kalung besi Batavia~Soerabaja ternyata telah dirintis sejak <span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Kolonel
Jhr Van Der Wijk pada 15 Agustus 1840 </b></span>menyampaikan usulan kepada pemerintah Belanda. Itu hanya 5 tahun setelah </span><span class="hascaption"><span style="line-height: 115%;">George dan Robert Stephenson, dua ilmuwan
berkebangsaan Inggris perancang Lokomotif uap generasi pertama yang
menandai dimulainya Epoch 0 di Jerman : Adler (1835) </span></span></span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfAfylYLi2SXTEAGqnuMJuskX_UGirPUfi4ClSvj27ucS_RLKaInGf6UvSInqHmgTowIwgN-gwid7yvVEOHag-bT3LZDFdlFiQmk2N_HELlvZGaSnjJ-3JMU7ote_BuAN4x-aR5Upeuz4/s1600/Adler.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfAfylYLi2SXTEAGqnuMJuskX_UGirPUfi4ClSvj27ucS_RLKaInGf6UvSInqHmgTowIwgN-gwid7yvVEOHag-bT3LZDFdlFiQmk2N_HELlvZGaSnjJ-3JMU7ote_BuAN4x-aR5Upeuz4/s1600/Adler.jpg" height="216" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">ADLER (1835) menandai dimulainya Epoch 0 dalam sejarah perkereta apian komersil di dunia</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="hascaption"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> dan jauh sebelum</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> pemukulan paku emas 'LAST SPIKE' pada bantalan rel di
Promontory Summit di Amerika Serikat (10 Mei 1869) yang menandai kehadiran kereta api lintas benua Amerika yang pertama (Overland Route) <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/sejarah-kereta-api-amerika-yuwes.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/sejarah-kereta-api-amerika-yuwes.html</a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="hascaption"><span style="line-height: 115%;"></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi70v3vkIcwS8WxR1q7IutBcOgiCj7l5gSn3G9ds6S_XrlGVbPO_DnHAiJeu3Eligt_dbHBn597T-TAkHpplxs4tIHNU4mv7ffWUaYxGXAV180Exn0S5iB3hVd7ZZGVebo7hygLXislGe0/s1600/GoldenSpike.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi70v3vkIcwS8WxR1q7IutBcOgiCj7l5gSn3G9ds6S_XrlGVbPO_DnHAiJeu3Eligt_dbHBn597T-TAkHpplxs4tIHNU4mv7ffWUaYxGXAV180Exn0S5iB3hVd7ZZGVebo7hygLXislGe0/s1600/GoldenSpike.jpg" height="69" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Last Spike - Promontory Summit 10 Mei 1869</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Dari sini kita melihat bahwa obsesi Belanda membuat 'grandeur' di atas rel di tanah Jawa telah lama ada.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgICxBwfYcZ8tGgG9OorOohMxyy7GrLVXgnzi31zdHPIYIocYs_2SmvMdm21ZphQ14NLI53a94FDi7nimJ88GDF53VgLBPOZR2LGdgQpHtuoaTQAw1PwICwao_6KQcKS4KYAHJ4SnW4JXA/s1600/Interior+kelas+utama.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgICxBwfYcZ8tGgG9OorOohMxyy7GrLVXgnzi31zdHPIYIocYs_2SmvMdm21ZphQ14NLI53a94FDi7nimJ88GDF53VgLBPOZR2LGdgQpHtuoaTQAw1PwICwao_6KQcKS4KYAHJ4SnW4JXA/s1600/Interior+kelas+utama.jpg" height="320" width="276" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">interior kelas VIP kereta tahun 1930-an, obsesi Belanda sejak lama (sumber : KITLV.nl)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Tentunya Werkspoor tidak asal ngawur dalam merancang <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">'paradepaard'-nya Staatsspoorwegen, yang akan mengibarkan bendera 4S lebih tinggi di tanah jajahan. (**4S = </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Staats Spoor Steeds Sneller- Kereta negara selalu lebih cepat !)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Para pakar perkereta apian telah cukup lama berdiskusi, mengadakan studi dan penelitian tentang kondisi geografis, sosial dan ekonomis di Oost-Indischë (baca : Indonesia) sehingga lahir ketetapan mengaplikasikan teknologi<b> </b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>mesin compound </b>pada lokomotif C-53 nya. Di mana pada waktu itu </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">teknologi compound engine pada </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">lokomotif kereta adalah </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">efisiensi penggunaan
bahan bakar dan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">air ditambah </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">perbandingan
antara </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">daya</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
yang besar</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span lang="IN">/ berat </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">lokomotif
itu sendiri, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">karena suhu dan penurunan
tekanan yang terjadi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">membuat </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">siklus bahan bakar lebih </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">panjang</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dalam
situasi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">tanjakan
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">berat dan beban gandar rendah, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">teknologi
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">lokomotif </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ber-compound engine</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span lang="IN">sering dianggap sebagai solusi yang paling
layak. Situasi yang sebenarnya sudah sangat sesuai menggambarkan kondisi di Indonesia yang akan dihadapi dalam perjalanan dari Batavia menuju Soerabaja, yang akan melintasi kejamnya tanjakan pegunungan dan iklim tropis yang panas.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Staatsspoorwegen telah sadar akan medan yang akan dijalani, tanjakan membelah bukit gunung</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">2 hari setelah musyawarah PPPKI di Solo, pada tanggal 29 Desember <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929" title="1929">1929</a> pukul 05:00 pagi di
Yogyakarta, Bung Karno (Ir. Soekarno – presiden RI I) diciduk Komisaris Polisi Belanda
dan esoknya 30 Desember 1929 dipindahkan ke Bandung, untuk dijebloskan ke <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penjara_Banceuy" title="Penjara Banceuy">Penjara
Banceuy</a>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pada tahun <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a> beliau dipindahkan ke Penjara
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sukamiskin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sukamiskin (halaman belum tersedia)">Sukamiskin</a>.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfzEsA2nvA-hzprUIslwcZZ-U4fHFtjzSWrh0F6Lw8DDatUz7EOuZdvHeBIlUVPp-poN80Q7jJJP17AKIMQceK8p-UQURjj1-BV2ACbxIQcaqLUs1sEFZpZ1eUYvgHwAsgXQQ-2CYUSMQ/s1600/Sukarno_HBS.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfzEsA2nvA-hzprUIslwcZZ-U4fHFtjzSWrh0F6Lw8DDatUz7EOuZdvHeBIlUVPp-poN80Q7jJJP17AKIMQceK8p-UQURjj1-BV2ACbxIQcaqLUs1sEFZpZ1eUYvgHwAsgXQQ-2CYUSMQ/s1600/Sukarno_HBS.png" height="320" width="245" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bung Karno ABG ketika masih di HBS</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bung Karno bukan orang sembarangan, meskipun beliau dijebloskan ke
penjara para maling ayam, bromocorah, garong, pemerkosa dan pembunuh, beliau
dipenjara bukan lantaran mencabuli anak di bawah umur atau menilep uang
koperasi, akan tetapi karena aktifitasnya di panggung politik dalam PNI yang
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Apalagi Bung Karno adalah intelektual jebolan
<i><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technische_Hoogeschool_te_Bandoeng" title="Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng">Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng</a></i>
(sekarang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITB" title="ITB">ITB</a>) di <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a>, yang waktu
itu masih <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">fresh graduate</i> (karena baru
tamat 3th- <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tepatnya 1926) semangat idealisme-nya
sangat menyalak-nyalak dan beliau memiliki hubungan pergaulan yang sangat luas
baik di dalam negeri maupun untuk kalangan orang-orang Belanda.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kiprah Bung Karno di panggung PNI yang sangat
agitatif dan radikal inilah yang membuat Belanda menjadi gusar, dan akhirnya
memenjarakan bung Karno.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Pada periode tersebut, C-53, lokomotif 4 silinder compound buatan
Werkspoor menjadi tulang punggung <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>untuk
rangkaian KA Cepat Siang (Eendaagsche Express) relasi Batavia~Soerabaja.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sebuah layanan unggulan transportasi kereta
api di era Staatsspoorwegen yang sangat berkelas pada masanya. Kredit foto : <a href="http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced?q_searchfield=de+eendaagse+expres" target="_blank">http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced?q_searchfield=de+eendaagse+expres</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Sumber tulisan foto : <a href="http://haryodamardono.blogspot.com/2008/10/menang-lomba-penulisan-pt-kereta-api.html" target="_blank">http://haryodamardono.blogspot.com/2008/10/menang-lomba-penulisan-pt-kereta-api.html</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Dan ternyata kereta api ini yang menjadi favorit Bung Karno pada
masa-masa tersebut, terutama setelah beliau dibebaskan dari penjara Sukamiskin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dua tahun sesudahnya (1933), Bung Karno berpidato di depan konggres PARTINDO (disarikan dari berbagai sumber)</span></div>
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<br />
<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">LOKOMOTIF 'ARTICULATED' dan LOKOMOTIF MALLET</span></h2>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pada perkembangan transportasi dengan jasa kereta api, tuntutan kebutuhan semakin bertambah. Orang semakin banyak mengandalkan moda transportasi tersebut, yang berakibat pada semakin bertambahnya beban yang hendak dihela sebuah lokomotif.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Seiring perkembangan peradaban dan teknologi, orang membuat lokomotif-lokomotif raksasa untuk mengantisipasi banyaknya beban yang akan ditanggung dan beratnya medan yang ditempuh. Lokomotif-lokomotif raksasa tersebut tentunya akan semakin panjang dan melibatkan banyak sekali roda seperti lokomotif jenis 'Javanic' dari Hanomag (F1018)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrnKQxVS_4binnColGY5LwGckkXh26QgYWxHoG2aYcAgOZw9kptTqM_ohr7qe57AES7W2ZIg8UUJeMgyfb-B7VX6nKkhCV3B-bfDB0E1QaxDS8zb5yIem2r-oXM6HVw0-1-Y64gbHZwRU/s1600/Hanomag.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrnKQxVS_4binnColGY5LwGckkXh26QgYWxHoG2aYcAgOZw9kptTqM_ohr7qe57AES7W2ZIg8UUJeMgyfb-B7VX6nKkhCV3B-bfDB0E1QaxDS8zb5yIem2r-oXM6HVw0-1-Y64gbHZwRU/s1600/Hanomag.jpg" height="117" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">lokomotif 'Javanic' F1018</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Dengan bertambahnya beban, kelak akan diperlukan lokomotif dengan traksi yang lebih besar, roda yang lebih besar daripada lokomotif setipe F1018 di atas, yang tentu saja hal ini membuat lokomotif menjadi sukar untuk berbelok pada radius rel yang normal, (yang sebelumnya sudah terbangun). Sumber foto adalah : <a href="http://www.aqpl43.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/LOCOLOCO/12/javside1a.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.aqpl43.dsl.pipex.com/MUSEUM/LOCOLOCO/12/javside1a.jpg</a> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Oleh karenanya orang mulai berfikir bagaimana lokomotif yang berukuran 'jumbo' dapat melibas tikungan yang sudah ada (**tidak perlu khawatir dengan banyaknya roda yang 'mengunci' pada radius tertentu). Sehingga dari konsep tersebut lahirlah LOKOMOTIF ARTICULATED - lokomotif pelibas tikungan sempit atau tikungan tajam, tanpa harus kehilangan keperkasaannya. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Lokomotif <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>'articulated' adalah lokomotif uap dengan satu
atau lebih unit mesin yang dapat bergerak independen dari rangka utama.
(**diterjemahkan dari articulated locomotives -having two or more sections
connected by a flexible joint). Hal ini dilakukan supaya lokomotif-lokomotif
berukuran panjang memungkinkan untuk melibas kurva yang tajam. Lokomotif 'articulated'
umumnya digunakan pada jalur berbelok dengan radius kecil (tikungan tajam)-
seperti pada logging , industri , atau kereta api gunung atau membuat lokomotif
yang sangat besar mampu berjalan di jalur kereta api reguler dengan
kelengkungan yang normal. </span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDA5oqPBGtz1qlo1hEbNZ4nrIhIQA1Nc5tvGaQQXCA9N7F_a6avRSeOijyyAgtSbAQeDPAPhE9Xww6SYJjqoa2lg7m-u9LrClbV94PvE44NluvR6zTTscww800h12r0PCduJFaa7gLC4o/s1600/diagram+lokomotif+articulated.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDA5oqPBGtz1qlo1hEbNZ4nrIhIQA1Nc5tvGaQQXCA9N7F_a6avRSeOijyyAgtSbAQeDPAPhE9Xww6SYJjqoa2lg7m-u9LrClbV94PvE44NluvR6zTTscww800h12r0PCduJFaa7gLC4o/s1600/diagram+lokomotif+articulated.png" height="246" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">diagram lokomotif ARTICULATED</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
dari gambar diagram di atas, terlihat bahwa keluarga lokomotif ARTICULATED (type Mallet, type Garrant dan type Meyer) memiliki dua kelompok bogie yang memungkinkan performa sebuah lokomotif menjadi lebih lincah dalam melibas tikungan, karena salah satu dari kelompok roda atau keduanya, bisa berbelok dalam masing-masing vektornya (bandingkan dengan lokomotif 'Javanic' F1018 di atas yang semua baris roda terhubung oleh satu lengan ayun)<br />
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Union Pacific Big Boy 4-8-8-4s dan Allegheny H-8
2 - 6-6-6 adalah beberapa lokomotif uap articulated terbesar yang pernah
dibuat. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ada beberapa skema yang berbeda
untuk Lokomotif 'articulated' dari hasil pengujian selama bertahun-tahun. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dari jumlah tersebut, lokomotif Mallet berteknologi
ekspansi sederhana yang paling populer, diikuti oleh lokomotif jenis Garratt
(kebanyakan dibuat di Inggris , kemudian menjadi beken di seluruh Eropa ,
Afrika dan koloni Eropa), dan berbagai jenis lokomotif uap bergerigi, yang
sebagian besar digunakan dalam penebangan (logging), pertambangan dan industri.
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
Banyak orang salah kaprah mengatakan bahwa BIG BOY adalah keluarga lokomotif MALLET, dan sesungguhnya hal tersebut kurang tepat, karena sebuah lokomotif MALLET memiliki spesifikasi sendiri. Sesungguhnya, Big Boy merupakan sebuah contoh yang unik </span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfxNH6baUnOI-cM9jNxJKS8zpwAfStcGz83F-4l3g6FP-lP4mL4RJHIDoR8jcmkUb8PDwAKjwOrADmjXmlJm6dZby6QtvvESuCWfytN5QhlAcGN3B9YvDVsx8wIh-7lSxrAGt6o9fkt9A/s1600/Big+Boy+BLI.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfxNH6baUnOI-cM9jNxJKS8zpwAfStcGz83F-4l3g6FP-lP4mL4RJHIDoR8jcmkUb8PDwAKjwOrADmjXmlJm6dZby6QtvvESuCWfytN5QhlAcGN3B9YvDVsx8wIh-7lSxrAGt6o9fkt9A/s1600/Big+Boy+BLI.jpg" height="105" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">model miniatur Big Boy 4-8-8-4 dari BLI</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Big Boy berada dalam persimpangan antara keluarga besar lokomotif ARTICULATED dan lokomotif MALLET</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<h2>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Anatole Mallet </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">(diucapkan " Malley " )</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">,
seorang pakar mesin berkebangsaan Swiss adalah pelopor pengembangan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Lokomotif </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">compound</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> - </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">compression</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> pertama dengan sepasang </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">penggerak
articulated</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>di Perancis. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penggerak roda</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> depan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">adalah</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> dua silinder </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ber-</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tekanan rendah.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sementara
penggerak</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> belakang </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">merupakan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> dua silinder tekanan tinggi. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sebuah </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">boiler </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">yang kokoh </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">men</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">yatu</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> pada </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">penggerak</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> belakang .<br />
<br />
Lokomotif </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">‘Mallet’</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">di
Amerika Serikat mengikuti desain yang dibuat oleh Anatole Mallet </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">oleh
karena itu kemudian </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">disebut </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">lokomotif
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mallet. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jika menilik</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> desain asli Anatole itu , lokomotif </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mallet
seharusnya menggunakan teknologi <b>mesin compound</b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">,</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> dimana </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">uap
bertekanan tinggi dikembangkan dalam satu atau dua piston bertekanan tinggi,
setelah menghasilkan panas dan kehilangan tekanan, tekanan tersebut lalu
dialirkan ke knalpot yang lebih besar volume nya yang dialiri piston ber
tekanan rendah, (bisa atau dua, - atau bahkan lebih), sehingga memperpanjang
siklus. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Singkat kata silinder bekerja secara
"seri" kebalikan dari teknologi <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">simple-expansion</b>
di mana silinder bekerja di "paralel", di mana tekanan uap dikembangkan
hanya sekali dalam satu silinder. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Para pakar di </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Amerika Serikat kemudian bereksperimen </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">berdasarkan konsep teknologi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> yang sama tetapi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">menggunakan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> empat silinder </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ber</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tekanan tinggi . Ini </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">masih merupakan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">keluarga </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">lokomotif </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">articulated, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tetapi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sudah
bukan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> "Mallets" </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">aseli
sebagaimana konsep Anatole, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">karena
mereka menggunakan ekspansi sederhana bukan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">teknologi <b>mesin compound</b></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sayangnya
, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">belum
ada nama spesifik</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> untuk desain ini,
dan mereka </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">terlanjur</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">meny</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ebut</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">nya</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> ' Mallets ' juga.<br />
</span></div>
<br />
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Banyak</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> orang </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">salah kaprah menggunakan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> istilah "Mallet" untuk menggambarkan setiap
lokomotif </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>articulated</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Namun,
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sesungguhnya
itu hanya lokomotif </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">"</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">articulated</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">" untuk menggambarkan – </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">lokomotif
articulated </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ekspansi tunggal </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(sederhana
bukan compound)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bahkan seringkali orang
salah kaprah menyebut</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">lokomotif
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Big Boy atau Yellowstone sebagai </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">salah
satu jenis keluarga </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">"Mallet".
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Secara
teknis, hal ini tidak benar. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tidak semua lokomotif ‘articulated’ dapat
menyandang predikat ‘Mallet’, karena syarat dan ketentuan berlaku, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Anatole Mallet merancang </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">teknologi itu
(Mallet)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> dengan dua
characteristings penting</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> :</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span style="color: #990000;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">pertama</span></b></span> : lokomotif </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">harus articulated, dan yang <span style="color: #990000;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">kedua</span></b></span> :
menggunakan teknologi expansi mesin <u><i>compound</i></u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOSshXfjD2t3ua79eXZAPEtITa0PZOHUgelvY85Hga-OmFmJygKq1KlMNTny87Yc6WtRPp-41tRY2IIAC3a8gkI74ZeL8m4GFn5ViC4eYX6JIry2p1o6PXrV0DV3JBtJv8J3z_BxcPsfc/s1600/Lokomotif+BB1012(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOSshXfjD2t3ua79eXZAPEtITa0PZOHUgelvY85Hga-OmFmJygKq1KlMNTny87Yc6WtRPp-41tRY2IIAC3a8gkI74ZeL8m4GFn5ViC4eYX6JIry2p1o6PXrV0DV3JBtJv8J3z_BxcPsfc/s1600/Lokomotif+BB1012(2).jpg" height="221" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">lokomotif BB1012 - lokomotif MALLET yang pernah jaya di Indonesia</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><br />
<br />
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mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">Lokomotif uap BB10 yang dibeli oleh Staatsspoorwegen
ini merupakan generasi pertama dari lokomotif tipe Mallet yang beroperasi di
Indonesia. <span> </span>Lokomotif ini didatangkan
pada tahun 1899 – 1908 dan menggunakan bahan bakar residu. Kredit foto : <a href="http://neothesdony.bluefameupload.com/img/6baee1e5faee6e240248d8bd3d842901/BB%201012.jpg" target="_blank">http://neothesdony.bluefameupload.com/img/6baee1e5faee6e240248d8bd3d842901/BB%201012.jpg</a></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lokomotif BB1012
mempunyai dua pasang silinder yang menyalurkan uap untuk menggerakan roda-roda
penggerak. <span></span>Pada foto terlihat bahwa besar silinder di depan dan silinder yang di belakang tidak sama, </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:RelyOnVML/>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">2 roda penggerak yang fix pada frame lokomotif
dan berada di bagian belakang digerakkan oleh silinder uap yang bertekanan
tinggi. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Selanjutnya uap dari silinder
tekanan tinggi ini disalurkan ke silinder tekanan rendah yang juga menggerakkan 2 roda penggerak pada bogie yang berada di bagian depan. INI merupakan prinsip konsep MALLET point kedua. </span>Posisi roda penggerak ini
terpisah pada dua bagian yang berbeda. Bagian pertama bogie(depan), roda
penggerak yang berada pada bogie tersendiri yang dapat bergerak ke kanan/kiri
mengikuti jalur rel sedangkan bagian bogie kedua (belakang) roda-roda penggerak
menyatu pada frame lokomotif.<span> </span>Ini
merupakan prinsip ARTICULATED sesuai konsep MALLET yang pertama. </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Untuk memperjelas lokomotif keluarga MALLET di Indonesia, saya ambil contoh lagi lokomotif yang lebih besar dari BB1012 di atas</span><br />
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Lokomotif CC50 memiliki susunan roda 2-6-6-0.
Lokomotif ini memiliki silinder uap tekanan tinggi dan silinder tekanan rendah
yang terpisah. 3 roda penggerak yang fix pada frame lokomotif dan berada di
bagian belakang digerakkan oleh silinder uap yang bertekanan tinggi. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Selanjutnya uap dari silinder tekanan tinggi
ini disalurkan ke silinder tekanan rendah yang juga menggerakkan 3 roda
penggerak pada bogie yang berada di bagian depan. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">(prinsip konsep KEDUA Mallet) - </span></span>Bogie ini dapat bergerak ke
kanan/kiri terhadap frame lokomotif dan mengikuti jalur rel<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(ini merupakan ARTICULATED –
sesuai konsep MALLET yang pertama)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> - perhatikan sesuai diagram lokomotif ARTICULATED di atas pada jenis (type) : Mallet</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX0uwfE9mpQPaaEwHkC90F_2MNZ1UADESy15u0T0FqdPF-HaDToP0_UjCpypSQMCG28-0V5FLV-5geiqC-_stfmUtXswXtZoy3LvFnxF8j8qd72LxuQsSGGsFW9vFNBt8dvFYofuy4tU0/s1600/Lokomotif+CC50.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX0uwfE9mpQPaaEwHkC90F_2MNZ1UADESy15u0T0FqdPF-HaDToP0_UjCpypSQMCG28-0V5FLV-5geiqC-_stfmUtXswXtZoy3LvFnxF8j8qd72LxuQsSGGsFW9vFNBt8dvFYofuy4tU0/s1600/Lokomotif+CC50.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lokomotif Mallet CC5013</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Lokomotif-lokomotif </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Big Boy, Yellowstone, serta banyak lokomotif
uap </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">articulated</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> lainnya , </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">menggunakan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> ekspansi sederhana (</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">seluruh </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">silinder </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ber-</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">tekanan tinggi), dan
dengan demikian , menurut definisi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">istilah yang </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ketat, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">sudah </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">bukan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> lagi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">‘Mallet’ yang
sesungguhnya</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jika kita
melihat </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">gambar dari Big Boy</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">, p</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">erhatikan bahwa silinder
depan dan belakang </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">mempunyai</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> ukuran yang sama. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Karena mereka menggunakan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">tekanan tinggi
semuanya.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3wpm4tkwUsSz70YAjld9TsJNSND_fxxb3_KujcegxfhMmqFrqH95MNmKIbis6xcvSgc60DYMJ6rzUa6zQh6H41J26AmE9xyiBVdPn0a862gKhzIHeUM-vzO9MaqW9TxXcQQCOf-oFra0/s1600/BigBoy+Shelby.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3wpm4tkwUsSz70YAjld9TsJNSND_fxxb3_KujcegxfhMmqFrqH95MNmKIbis6xcvSgc60DYMJ6rzUa6zQh6H41J26AmE9xyiBVdPn0a862gKhzIHeUM-vzO9MaqW9TxXcQQCOf-oFra0/s1600/BigBoy+Shelby.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lokomotif ARTICULATED terbesar di dunia yang pernah dibuat - BIG BOY isn't "mallet"</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE4vWMDOaE8pnt82St7soXgJoTWSQ3TSnqJ6CD3KWxH006hauX3xUqKRYkGiNcDFOFy3STzdyqcLP-EUZFOXzgKdate0TtkjV6Z0NTk9bmui9bpcHa7BhYfue6CBRKFSGE0Z2nAHBun64/s1600/Mallet_N&W2156_left.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE4vWMDOaE8pnt82St7soXgJoTWSQ3TSnqJ6CD3KWxH006hauX3xUqKRYkGiNcDFOFy3STzdyqcLP-EUZFOXzgKdate0TtkjV6Z0NTk9bmui9bpcHa7BhYfue6CBRKFSGE0Z2nAHBun64/s1600/Mallet_N&W2156_left.jpg" height="87" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">lokomotif Norfolk&Western class Y - ini baru Mallet yang aseli</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Berbeda dengan l</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">okomotif </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">‘articulated’</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Norfolk&Western dari</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">class Y</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> menggunakan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">teknologi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mesin
compound</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span lang="IN">dan karena itu </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">lokomotif
tersebut benar-benar ‘Mallet’</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.
Lihatlah gambar ini dari 2-8-8-2 . Perhatikan silinder </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">yang
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">jauh lebih besar (</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ber-</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> tekanan rendah) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">di </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">depan . Itu adalah petunjuk terbaik </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahwa
itu adalah ‘Mallet’</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> yang benar. <a href="http://www.divisionpoint.com/photos/N%2BW_Y6s/DP-9024.2200.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.divisionpoint.com/photos/N%2BW_Y6s/DP-9024.2200.jpg</a> Bandingkan dengan gambar diagram lokomotif Big Boy, di mana silinder belakang dan silinder depan memiliki diameter yang sama, sistem ekspansinya sederhana - bukan ekspansi<b> mesin Compound</b></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEindYizi7vEHKcHo01qqTgRgAvmUQspbrJ1SVNxV4_NmMXwA0Oq4v2YZ8ZtPJ8fUeN8Xi1B2AuzN9KDDBfI4F5Vzao2ifYJAJrOkJv27NBmfvuW2KfF24tlYKfkPtLwCHee8IQYgC1Wszg/s1600/Mallet_N&W_Y.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEindYizi7vEHKcHo01qqTgRgAvmUQspbrJ1SVNxV4_NmMXwA0Oq4v2YZ8ZtPJ8fUeN8Xi1B2AuzN9KDDBfI4F5Vzao2ifYJAJrOkJv27NBmfvuW2KfF24tlYKfkPtLwCHee8IQYgC1Wszg/s1600/Mallet_N&W_Y.jpg" height="122" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">lokomotif mallet Norfolk&Western class Y</td></tr>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tidak semua lokomotif ARTICULATED itu MALLET, tetapi keluarga lokomotif MALLET harus lokomotif ARTICULATED <a href="http://www.trainweb.org/jlsrr/bigboy/information/dimensions/bigboy-schematic-composite.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.trainweb.org/jlsrr/bigboy/information/dimensions/bigboy-schematic-composite.jpg</a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizQ4J-Hq9oPUwMULA0yYYsOGUiuZgIyAc1JxF5YfeOD4Ag-uSqYd93IPTBkr8ZMTBaIeXvalloOg9Z0d5V1dHcUxDqPPFaWViWSHOJqkNrhX8RMQi5WfpDuwbM3DgZa-1X0jVDf_h3DIE/s1600/Malbigboy-schematic-composite(m).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizQ4J-Hq9oPUwMULA0yYYsOGUiuZgIyAc1JxF5YfeOD4Ag-uSqYd93IPTBkr8ZMTBaIeXvalloOg9Z0d5V1dHcUxDqPPFaWViWSHOJqkNrhX8RMQi5WfpDuwbM3DgZa-1X0jVDf_h3DIE/s1600/Malbigboy-schematic-composite(m).jpg" height="188" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Big Boy - lokomotif ARTICULATED - BUKAN "Mallet"</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-28017751255786119832014-01-26T03:55:00.000-08:002014-01-26T03:55:45.239-08:00SKALA PADA MINIATUR (KERETA API) DI INDONESIA<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-weight: normal;">SKALA SEJUTA UMAT</span></b></span></h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Artikel ini merupakan kelanjutan dari post yang lalu SKALA ≠ GAUGE sehingga bagi anda yang ingin membacanya, saya persilahkan ke <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/skala-gauge.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/skala-gauge.html </a></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ini mengenai kondisi hobby miniatur kereta api di Indonesia, </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Wiki menyebutkan bahwa </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Model</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">railroading</span> <span class="hps">adalah</span>
<span class="hps">hobi</span> <span class="hps">yang </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">memiliki
diversitas tertinggi </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">di dunia.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hobby i</span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ni mencakup</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">berbagai disiplin ilmu</span> <span class="hps">termasuk</span>
<span class="hps">sejarah</span>, teknik, <span class="hps">pertukangan</span>, </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pengkabelan</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">dan sirkuit</span></span><span lang="IN">, </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">digital command control </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">(</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">DCC), <span class="hps">suara dan</span> <span class="hps">pencahayaan</span>,
lukisan, <span class="hps">airbrushing</span>, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ilmu </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN">bahan</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">untuk membuat</span> <span class="hps">struktur</span>, <span class="hps">medan</span> <span class="hps">dan
pemandangan</span>. </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="hps"> </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="hps"> Di dalam hobby miniatur kereta api, pilihan harus ditetapkan, tidak ada kereta api miniatur yang bersifat umum, terutama tentang SKALA dan SISTEM pengendalian.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="hps">Pada awalnya, pabrik pembuat mainan kereta api tidak terlalu menghiraukan skala. Seiring perkembangan waktu, mainan kereta api miniatur mulai berkembang menjadi sebuah hobby. Dari penikmat hobby yang awalnya hanya segelintir orang, semakin lama semakin bertambah banyak, sehingga pelaku hobby dan beberapa produsen bersepakat untuk menetapkan standard dalam hobby miniatur kereta api ini. Standard tersebut, termasuk di antaranya adalah mengatur mengenai skala <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kopler-pada-miniatur-kereta-api.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kopler-pada-miniatur-kereta-api.html</a> </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="hps">Ada banyak skala dalam hobby miniatur kereta api ini - sebagaimana orang yang hendak bepergian, dan <span style="color: red;"><b>antri di depan loket</b></span>, maka petugaspun akan menanyakan : kemana arah tujuan, maka pehobby miniatur kereta api harus menetapkan dahulu, <span style="color: #cc0000;"><b>hendak bermain di skala apa.</b></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="hps">Tidak ada miniatur kereta api yang bersifat general untuk skala, sebagaimana orang di depan loket tidak bisa mengatakan :"saya ingin pergi sesuka hati saya" - atau "tujuannya suka-suka deh" maka dalam hobby miniatur kereta api ini pun sama, tidak ada miniatur kereta api itu yang skala-nya umum, skala campursari atau skala campuran,...maka pelaku hobby harus menetapkan sebuah pilihan </span></span></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqZmU-0IiwD-P0OwdAQrw0o0Q_OkTNAmIwetB6PKNgQ2E7Y1GRnNIUWaSz3v6bJlWMXajRUnJy82pzlo5pDKlr_UlvyhC1jdSxY5zJNSo3AZWNCOSxkor3FI_4L4h_BfN5nMwPjP9dSEY/s1600/divergensi.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqZmU-0IiwD-P0OwdAQrw0o0Q_OkTNAmIwetB6PKNgQ2E7Y1GRnNIUWaSz3v6bJlWMXajRUnJy82pzlo5pDKlr_UlvyhC1jdSxY5zJNSo3AZWNCOSxkor3FI_4L4h_BfN5nMwPjP9dSEY/s1600/divergensi.png" height="200" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">divergensi dalam hobby miniatur kereta api, pelaku hobby harus menetapkan sebuah pilihan</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="hps"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="hps">Pelaku hobby miniatur kereta
api (model railroader)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">menjadi</span></span><span lang="IN"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pendongkrak</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bisnis miniatur kereta
api</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">saat
</span></span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mereka mulai</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> menciptakan</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Lay out</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">impian</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">nya</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">. Baca juga ulasan artikel <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/ruang-lingkup-hobby-miniatur-kereta-api.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/ruang-lingkup-hobby-miniatur-kereta-api.html</a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnOGfSH3lPofUX9Zi_x2XgjA_BBta4iV3sV1fW7axWwBjRHZFv72uCOdfZgPb0WSbH9Arn8RZMJLF18pj-rVo2HvojTWAUHozHVcrxidLyenyr1EMO7GzfDbbAmdkOmB1lGS_xrBWUVmY/s1600/Scale-Model-Trains.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnOGfSH3lPofUX9Zi_x2XgjA_BBta4iV3sV1fW7axWwBjRHZFv72uCOdfZgPb0WSbH9Arn8RZMJLF18pj-rVo2HvojTWAUHozHVcrxidLyenyr1EMO7GzfDbbAmdkOmB1lGS_xrBWUVmY/s1600/Scale-Model-Trains.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">perbandingan skala, gambar diunggah dari <a href="http://modeltrainshq.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Z-Scale-Model-Trains.jpg" target="_blank">http://modeltrainshq.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Z-Scale-Model-Trains.jpg</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Skala HO
merupakan</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">skala</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">yang paling</span> <span class="hps">populer</span> <span class="hps">-</span> <span class="hps">(</span>1:87) <span class="hps">atau</span> <span class="hps">1/87th</span> <span class="hps">ukuran</span> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">obyek/
benda </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">yang </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">sebenarnya</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Demikian juga untuk kondisi di Indonesia, oleh karena itu sub judul di atas adalah : <b>'SKALA SEJUTA UMAT'</b>, yang dimaksudkan adalah <span style="background-color: #351c75;"><span style="color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>skala HO</b></span></span></span>. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tersedia di pasar</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">merk-merk
seperti : </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Atlas</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Athearn, </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bachmann</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">M</span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">antau</span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">, </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Model Power, MTH, BLI Broadway Unlimited,
Walthers, Frateschi <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>untuk merk-merk
<i><b><span style="font-size: large;">Amerika</span></b></i>, dan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Roco, Fleischmann, Piko, M</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">ã<span class="hps">rklin, Lima, Kato (bersama Jepang), Liliput, Heljan, Hornby,
Rivarossi, Trix untuk merk <span style="font-size: large;"><i><b>Eropa</b></i></span> atau non-Amerika dan masih banyak yang lainnya</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Secara objek kereta api dan
bangunan-bangunannya, skala HO t</span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">idak terlalu besar</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> dan juga t</span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">idak terlalu </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">kecil</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Namun bila dilihat <i><u>ruangan</u></i> yang harus
disediakan, skala HO sebenarnya skala yang masih cukup besar untuk ukuran
sekarang di mana sudah <b>sulit mendapatkan tempat yang cukup longgar</b>.</span></div>
</span></span></span></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">MENGAPA JEPANG BERBEDA ?</span></b></div>
</span></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Ukuran skala HO memang agak sulit
bagi kebiasaan kita di Indonesia, dibandingkan dengan skala metric seperti
1:10; 1:25; 1:50; 1:100 dan seterusnya.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Penyebut 87 membuat angka decimal
di belakang koma menjadi sangat rumit untuk kita yang terbiasa hidup di alam
<b>unit metric</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ukuran standard yang kita
pelajari sejak kecil adalah ukuran metric, dari cm hingga km.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <b> </b></span><b>itulah kenapa skala HO dan skala N di Jepang
berbeda dengan skala HO dan N yang ada di Eropa.</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Bila skala HO di Eropa adalah
1:87 maka di Jepang memakai skala HO 1:80<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>ini sedikit lebih bongsor daripada skala HO di Eropa dan Amerika.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bila skala N di Eropa adalah 1:160 maka di
Jepang memakai skala N 1:150 ini juga sedikit lebih besar dibandingkan dengan
skala N Eropa dan Amerika.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lalu apa hubungan Jepang dengan Indonesia
?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ini karena Jepang <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(**seperti Indonesia) adalah Negara penganut
unit metric yang sangat konsisten, sehingga mereka membuat standarisasi sendiri
untuk produksi miniatur kereta model mereka.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bedanya kalau kita masih kurang
konsisten daripada Jepang.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioK8kHc8E329Ag99h7TVWnSUac7vJGB55QhIlfba97QZ85WBxQ8lrYwiivK7SFe6cjffTiSt3sKQOz60aX3qaZyVl2lIMAp1DcBGUGBmYtHCC2BvXP7QViqdLxrMP5HAv3lvS6kyOOtjw/s1600/crop_9b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioK8kHc8E329Ag99h7TVWnSUac7vJGB55QhIlfba97QZ85WBxQ8lrYwiivK7SFe6cjffTiSt3sKQOz60aX3qaZyVl2lIMAp1DcBGUGBmYtHCC2BvXP7QViqdLxrMP5HAv3lvS6kyOOtjw/s1600/crop_9b.jpg" height="145" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">model dan situasi (diorama) menggunakan skala HO 1:87</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Skala 1:80 misalnya, secara decimal
untuk metric unit pasti lebih simple daripada ukuran pecahan 1:87.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
</span></span><br />
<h3>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <i><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>MARI BERHITUNG</b></span></i></span></div>
</span></span></span></span></h3>
<h3>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
</span></span></span></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Di skala 1:40 misalnya, maka 10cm pada skala
1:40 itu sama dengan = 4meter dan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5cm di
skala 1:40 sama dengan= 2meter<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ini untuk
menjadikan skala 1:80 tinggal mengali 2 saja karena skala 1:80 adalah ½ nya
1:40.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sehingga untuk percontohan di
atas, 10cm pada skala 1:40 itu= 4meter dan di skala 1:80 itu=8meter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sedangkan 5cm di skala 1:40 sama
dengan=2meter, maka di skala 1:80 sama dengan = 4meter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;">
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Untuk mencari 1meter di skala
1:80 adalah 5cm:4 = <b>1,25cm</b> ini bulat, tidak seperti pembagian skala 1:87 Eropa
dan Amerika, di mana 1meter adalah <b>1,149425287356322cm</b> <span style="background-color: blue;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>(bandingkan angka di
belakang koma)</b></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Namun bagi negara-negara di mana
mereka terbiasa dengan satuan panjang Yard, kaki(feet) hingga inchi, pembagian
1/87 lebih mudah mereka temukan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Untuk perbandingan, di skala HO
(1:87) satu meter panjang di dunia nyata adalah 87cm. di dunia skala HO dan
160cm. di dunia skala N (1:160)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Artinya, jika kita hendak membuat
jalur sepanjang <b>1kilometer</b> di dunia skala HO (1:87) kita akan memerlukan panjang
sebagai berikut : 1kilometer = 1000meter dimana setiap <b>1meter</b> dalam skala HO
setara dengan <b>87cm</b> maka<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kita harus
mencari padanan 1meter pada skala HO (**karena 87cm belum 1meter) nah panjang
1meter pada skala HO adalah 100:87 = 1,149425287356322cm sehingga untuk mencapai
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1kilometer (1000meter) = 1,149425287356322cm
x 1000 = 1149,425287356322cm (ini sama dengan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>11,49425287356322meter karena 1meter adalah 100cm; dibulatkan menjadi <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>11,5 meter)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kita ikuti skala N untuk Eropa (1:160)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pada skala N 1kilometer =
<b>1000meter</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dalam skala N (Eropa) 1meter
adalah <b>0,625cm</b> (didapatkan dari 100:160 karena 1meter adalah 100cm)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sehingga untuk mencapai panjang 1km untuk
skala N (1:160) tinggal dikalikan 1000 adalah <b>625cm.</b> atau 6meter lebih 25cm.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">berikut perbandingan model 'N' scale terhadap jari manusia<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbLWrF7NlBTiDo0l1RJES51183M59SdwX0oMpvCktsNeQZB1e5Ndbyd8hPwBdk6au38jqW1OYjLAsRjSLqxPZyEXvg3FD4OvprYLCqh2l0u5HiguQ_6sWbcTky7GwYYViANpKexR6ga10/s1600/Nscaletrackforsize.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbLWrF7NlBTiDo0l1RJES51183M59SdwX0oMpvCktsNeQZB1e5Ndbyd8hPwBdk6au38jqW1OYjLAsRjSLqxPZyEXvg3FD4OvprYLCqh2l0u5HiguQ_6sWbcTky7GwYYViANpKexR6ga10/s1600/Nscaletrackforsize.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">gambar skala 'N' diambil dari <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Nscaletrackforsize.jpg/1280px-Nscaletrackforsize.jpg" target="_blank">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Nscaletrackforsize.jpg/1280px-Nscaletrackforsize.jpg</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
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<h3>
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<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><b>meskipun ada banyak skala lainnya namun skala yang banyak dipakai dan banyak ketersediaan perlengkapannya di toko-toko hobby di tanah air adalah skala HO (1:87) dan skala N (1:160) </b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Skala-skala yang lain di dunia yang <b>tidak banyak</b> dijumpai di Indonesia adalah :</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: small;"> Skala TT 1:120</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: small;"> Skala OO 1:76 (banyak dipakai di UK/ Inggris)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: small;"> Skala O 1:43½ (banyak dipakai penggemar miniatur automobil)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: small;"> Skala S 1:64</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: small;"> Skala Z 1:220</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: small;"> Skala G 1:22½</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: small;"> Masing-masing skala tentu saja membawa konsekwensi dan resiko masing-masing, semakin kecil skala, ruangan yang diperlukan juga semakin hemat, dengan resiko obyek-nya menjadi semakin lembut (kecil), perawatan yang semakin rumit, sebaliknya semakin besar skala, ruang yang diperlukan menjadi semakin besar, dan seterusnya.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">dan masih banyak lagi skala yang lainnya, pemilihan terakhir tentu berada di tangan anda</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">- terimakasih telah berkunjung di halaman blog ini -</span></span></div>
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Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-70105388047857757462014-01-24T20:17:00.000-08:002014-01-24T22:15:11.727-08:00CURVE PADA SKALA HO<h2>
<span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>APAKAH CURVE ?</b></span></span></h2>
Curve adalah lintasan tidak lurus, atau lintasan lengkung pada jalur miniatur kereta api<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT09nDZt94DahCaPw1Kw1W2PskLNZu004XqdS5-Zpr0JclTmAfYpc-iqi41Rq77xuUDqifcgmuhmVxnsJ_Vte8Cx1o0Ga02HPmINRGmXHKvrG6GUyGhTGHPH_ed1f9IsfooDZBDvTJ8Bs/s1600/Cle_curve.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT09nDZt94DahCaPw1Kw1W2PskLNZu004XqdS5-Zpr0JclTmAfYpc-iqi41Rq77xuUDqifcgmuhmVxnsJ_Vte8Cx1o0Ga02HPmINRGmXHKvrG6GUyGhTGHPH_ed1f9IsfooDZBDvTJ8Bs/s1600/Cle_curve.jpg" height="260" width="320" /></a></div>
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<h2>
<span style="color: #eeeeee;"><span style="background-color: #741b47;"><b>CURVE SEJUTA UMAT</b></span></span> </h2>
Di dalam pasar perlengkapan hobby miniatur kereta api yang umum di tanah air Indonesia raya tercinta ini, ketersediaan track curve untuk <b><span style="font-size: large;">SKALA HO (1:87)</span></b> adalah 18" (terbacanya 18inch) ; 22" (terbacanya 22inch) dan 24" (terbacanya 24inch).<br />
Perlu saya jelaskan di sini bahwa mungkin ketersediaan track curve yang ada di pasar luar negeri lebih berragam daripada yang ada di sini, dan yang saya maksudkan dengan sub judul di atas, 'curve sejuta umat' pada skala HO adalah curve dengan RADIUS 18" (curve 18inch) mengapa ?<br />
Track curve 18" menjadi favorit sobat kamoder tanah air Indonesia raya karena track ini paling <span style="color: #cc0000;"><b>menghemat ruangan</b></span>, sehingga ketersediaan di seller-seller (sebutan untuk penjual perlengkapan hobby miniatur kereta api dan miniatur-nya di Indonesia) yang paling banyak, dan hampir selalu pada kondisi READY STOCK adalah track curve 18" (terbaca 18inch)_ tanya sendiri dijawab sendiri<br />
<br />
Untuk mulai merencanakan sebuah Lay Out, kita perlu memperhatikan track curve yang akan kita 'lay down' atau kita letakkan pada Lay Out kita, dengan parameter jenis mini kereta api yang hendak kita jalankan.<br />
Jika ekspektasi kita menjalankan lokomotif-lokomotif jenis panjang atau gerbong-gerbong panjang, saya menyarankan untuk menghindari pemakaian track curve sejuta umat (18") mengapa ?<br />
Karena beberapa tipe mini(model) lokomotif dan gerbong tertentu mensyaratkan radius curve yang lebih besar dari 18" daripada teman-teman nanti kecewa, lokomotif atau gerbongnya tidak bisa dijalankan._ tanya sendiri dijawab sendiri<br />
<br />
Di samping jenis kereta yang akan kita jalankan, ketersediaan tempat atau ruangan yang nantinya akan kita bangun Lay Out, dan bagaimana bentuk Lay Out yang kita angan-angankan, turut mempengaruhi pemilihan radius curve track<br />
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langsung saja pada ilustrasi<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXOVe5N1MEp4B8mjrxdNCokeZ65uAHBLTj_dJcSIFWfVQliINy3qU24786iBZW9mAQnJua34Xwf0R_cg6Fldw9SQbAS34uCM2JvKe8Yi3TeikJo7DzDIZMdyiemm9tZzy1htBp_KxP6RI/s1600/cl_rad-dim-bench(text).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXOVe5N1MEp4B8mjrxdNCokeZ65uAHBLTj_dJcSIFWfVQliINy3qU24786iBZW9mAQnJua34Xwf0R_cg6Fldw9SQbAS34uCM2JvKe8Yi3TeikJo7DzDIZMdyiemm9tZzy1htBp_KxP6RI/s1600/cl_rad-dim-bench(text).jpg" height="246" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">diagram curve track</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Kita akan membaca ukuran radius (jari-jari) curve track pada angka yang tidak familiar di lingkungan kita, karena sejak dari SD kita mengenal satuan metrik (centimeter, meter, kilometer) sedangkan ukuran curve track yang kita baca adalah 'inch' (kita membacanya inci)<br />
Sehingga pada diagram di atas, saya berikan guidance (tuntunan) agar sobat kamoder dapat langsung memahami dalam ukuran lazim kita (centimeter)<br />
Sebagaimana tampak pada gambar di atas, garis lintasan lengkungan diperhitungkan dari tengah-tengah track (rel) atau lintasan. Lebar lintasan (gauge) standar di skala HO adalah 16,5 milimeter sehingga as lintasan ada di titik 8,25 milimeter (dari rel terdalam dan rel terluar)<br />
Untuk membuat sebuah miniatur (model) rangkaian kereta api (atau lokomotifnya saja) berbalik arah 180 -dalam konteks jalur memutar - dibutuhkan curve track satu <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;"><b>diameter</b></span></span> lingkaran, yang itu artinya 2x radiusnya yang tertera dalam angka penyebutan jenis curve track. (tidak berlaku pada kasus meja putar arah/ turn table)<br />
Singkatnya : diameter adalah 2x radius (**karena kita mengenal ukuran track dari RADIUS) ukuran 18"; 22" atau 24" menyatakan radius, <span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">BUKAN</span></b></span> diameter.<br />
<h4>
<span style="color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="background-color: #351c75;">Hobby miniatur kereta api memang sebuah hobby yang penuh dengan standard, sebagaimana dalam dunia Teknologi Informasi (IT) - tidak semua aspek bisa kita buat sesuka hati kita, sesuai selera dan semau-maunya kita</span></span></h4>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3hkOx6BhAEt12DZxYjmYzIGG9dIhSYQuSApdYqI5zY0l3uQ375O4DVhGF0UMckxTCg4po5do834Z00ri6qXbCtJ___lViNqyrixbkmN1tiMjmVjk46rYgpclMBmPiRpbKAWn2BxY9mRM/s1600/Curve+s.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3hkOx6BhAEt12DZxYjmYzIGG9dIhSYQuSApdYqI5zY0l3uQ375O4DVhGF0UMckxTCg4po5do834Z00ri6qXbCtJ___lViNqyrixbkmN1tiMjmVjk46rYgpclMBmPiRpbKAWn2BxY9mRM/s1600/Curve+s.gif" height="320" width="187" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FLEX-track</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<h2>
<b><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>MEMANG</b></span></span></span></b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;">di samping menggunakan curve track fix, - yang biasanya diistilahkan dengan 'curve SNAP track' -kita</span></span></span></span></span><b><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b> </b></span></span><span style="font-size: small;">dapat pula membuat sebua</span></span></b><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">h lintasan lengkung</span></span><b><span style="font-weight: normal;"> dari FLEX </span></b><span style="font-weight: normal;">TRACK</span><b><span style="font-weight: normal;">, namun tetap kita harus memperhatikan pedoman radius minimum yang dipersyaratkan. (Flex track merupakan lintasan lurus yang bisa kita belok-bel</span></b><span style="font-weight: normal;">o</span><b><span style="font-weight: normal;">kkan sesuka hati kita - **syarat dan ketentuan berlaku).</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-weight: normal;">Jika kita hendak menggunakan Flex track<b> </b></span></b><span style="font-weight: normal;">ini untuk membuat sebuah curve, maka kita harus mempersiapkan mal jalur dengan radius yang sesuai dengan persyaratannya.</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQS05dedBnRYSKZxom3f0Zyafef9ZSoKitUa5Q2zZ29azysOB022yUdYUD2RjiOnbwfMtyRBSwO_ZaU6EdUSl1_map_DMxIxe-PsZoMfE8JAj39OP_mtjKvmjiVTZPTOVjsKveVxzBKL4/s1600/Cle_curve(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQS05dedBnRYSKZxom3f0Zyafef9ZSoKitUa5Q2zZ29azysOB022yUdYUD2RjiOnbwfMtyRBSwO_ZaU6EdUSl1_map_DMxIxe-PsZoMfE8JAj39OP_mtjKvmjiVTZPTOVjsKveVxzBKL4/s1600/Cle_curve(2).jpg" height="251" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">curve SNAP track</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"> Curve (snap) track sejuta umat adalah curve 18" seperti sudah saya kupas di atas, saking banyaknya ketersediaan curve radius 18" ini, para sobat kamoder Indonesia menobatkannya sebagai CURVE STANDARD, padahal pengertiannya bukanlah curve standard yang sebenarnya, melainkan curve yang jamak dipakai (oleh karenanya saya menjuluki dengan 'curve sejuta umat')</span><br />
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<h4>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span><b>Sebuah rangkaian model (miniatur) kereta api, akan lebih indah apabila
dijalankan pada sebuah Lay Out, karena mereka dapat beraksi sebagaimana
layaknya kereta api yang sesungguhnya.<br />
Yang pertama kali terpikir ketika akan menyentuh sebuah Lay Out adalah : suasana.<br />
Lay Out dalam permodelan kereta api, merupakan sebuah lahan (wahana)
yang memungkinkan sebuah atau lebih rangkaian miniatur kereta api
berjalan, berlenggang-lenggok, mendaki-menurun sebagaimana layaknya
kereta api yang sesungguhnya. <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/tentang-diorama.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/tentang-diorama.html</a></b></h4>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQM72J2SPznLHv0y4SSm7dozD-pXLCJySPnHACf5i3VirBcbCQKHRcYay8Nil4hT1lniTFOpvVRqKjGlfzQe8JGNtwXoWM_p2Fjkg0LvxB0F_4qpDbUOkem8qmUyoBFMSC1zwoMvmmGTE/s1600/cita-cita.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQM72J2SPznLHv0y4SSm7dozD-pXLCJySPnHACf5i3VirBcbCQKHRcYay8Nil4hT1lniTFOpvVRqKjGlfzQe8JGNtwXoWM_p2Fjkg0LvxB0F_4qpDbUOkem8qmUyoBFMSC1zwoMvmmGTE/s1600/cita-cita.jpg" height="217" width="320" /></a></div>
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yang perlu kita perhatikan pula adalah bagaimana kita merencanakan penempatan curve-curve tersebut<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivSr6IuChRdn9wjRHVVhASbzEgGjwAdMJV9AoIedvMJI58yNXYIiJlohx0X_uL29oFVRrF01ZOMOfQcpwOBu1C-zLAV6iZl_cBz-dNlPchRxDcEusOUwp8WeA4vkOL-8ToZAM-1BlvLA4/s1600/2012-05-01+08.40.40.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivSr6IuChRdn9wjRHVVhASbzEgGjwAdMJV9AoIedvMJI58yNXYIiJlohx0X_uL29oFVRrF01ZOMOfQcpwOBu1C-zLAV6iZl_cBz-dNlPchRxDcEusOUwp8WeA4vkOL-8ToZAM-1BlvLA4/s1600/2012-05-01+08.40.40.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">perletakan curve membentuk figure 'S' - rawan membuat rangkaian putus (decoupling) dan tergelincir</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbi5pnRH6-JssjOwzeut99HDxoemlDM2h6S6yEiGqK3weZIr4MVfSsgPOgX8i4uUw-2ZAc-m116JjaqWQ47nSw-yxJspgIQaD4Z09aT_LPISxP7RI7ybAaDqYZIwKHa13F9arIyO4RC_U/s1600/2012-05-01+07.59.29.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbi5pnRH6-JssjOwzeut99HDxoemlDM2h6S6yEiGqK3weZIr4MVfSsgPOgX8i4uUw-2ZAc-m116JjaqWQ47nSw-yxJspgIQaD4Z09aT_LPISxP7RI7ybAaDqYZIwKHa13F9arIyO4RC_U/s1600/2012-05-01+07.59.29.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">perhatikan curve track yang melibatkan lintasan ganda (double-track)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixdYN2Z4Q8FSaoljvwkX6c9W-H0wQTj7u_Tol3idVyz83XK-YGUcXWzxjyowkHaR70nseIBymAF_O9ek7Tth8XV17EEsJzEVtjZfjfcrHORMcABXXkIVUmoDTCLMMYn3Oqg7tajg6ms8Y/s1600/curve_doubletrack.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixdYN2Z4Q8FSaoljvwkX6c9W-H0wQTj7u_Tol3idVyz83XK-YGUcXWzxjyowkHaR70nseIBymAF_O9ek7Tth8XV17EEsJzEVtjZfjfcrHORMcABXXkIVUmoDTCLMMYn3Oqg7tajg6ms8Y/s1600/curve_doubletrack.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">dari atas akan nampak seperti ini</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
anda perlu memperhatikan overhang lokomotif dan gerbong (dan atau rolling stock) nya seperti dapat anda lihat di <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kopler-pada-miniatur-kereta-api.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kopler-pada-miniatur-kereta-api.html</a><br />
<br />
nah, syarat apa saja yang harus diperhatikan, berapa ruang minimum antar track (lintasan) agar rangkaian-rangkaian miniatur yang berjalan berpapasan tidak saling berserempetan dan senggol-senggolan ?<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjarCrr-ssixgh5uh0CthZdP7dCqlNcCjE8_EmSktDfiVw9Lnthj3kVVJThFYyHaPC1DHcLCVAJKYoXOgiN3dPTDlF7O3DaygswcX-re8B5Jgu3xAWauTtjqRvzNZXI7UMFiRxBkBlh9EI/s1600/Clearance+(5)text.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjarCrr-ssixgh5uh0CthZdP7dCqlNcCjE8_EmSktDfiVw9Lnthj3kVVJThFYyHaPC1DHcLCVAJKYoXOgiN3dPTDlF7O3DaygswcX-re8B5Jgu3xAWauTtjqRvzNZXI7UMFiRxBkBlh9EI/s1600/Clearance+(5)text.jpg" height="150" width="320" /></a></div>
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anda dapat pula melihat berapa ukuran ruang bebas yang dibutuhkan oleh suatu rangkaian kereta api, sehingga kita tidak semberona, seenak-hati, semau-maunya membuat lintasan ganda, membuat tanjakan dan tikungan,....seperti bagaimana kita hidup di dalam masyarakat yang luas, bersama-sama dengan banyak orang dan banyak kepentingan, semua itu <span style="color: #274e13;"><span style="background-color: white;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">ADA ATURANNYA</span></b></span></span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0GSLp6pdEZw2iIIfD5ZVBCZFpXRf5FPzErMPK5o5E0wTD_lS3MA3MHKJbgu24O24gpQZ94YTer3uw5YP7zBkkDfMH9t5CukD80YJ8huaKFydKsF_vr1_ymmCGVik-sovoStzJlDwOJgA/s1600/Clearance+(3).gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0GSLp6pdEZw2iIIfD5ZVBCZFpXRf5FPzErMPK5o5E0wTD_lS3MA3MHKJbgu24O24gpQZ94YTer3uw5YP7zBkkDfMH9t5CukD80YJ8huaKFydKsF_vr1_ymmCGVik-sovoStzJlDwOJgA/s1600/Clearance+(3).gif" height="320" width="247" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">kebutuhan ruang bebas pada sebuah rangkaian kereta api</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqGt5iB__pvma0qX1B_j67R6pVWtGvIqcAgB0_ndWi8x1JoDSzc4C4EZIcapJRkjYbGWbZH7x2vguvmaoJv7_re4DWS6PCcx9Ng7Bjd3OhDhxb4uTRBJXKpuZ4j_gDKfy7EQ_S7fcoN5k/s1600/crossover_grades.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqGt5iB__pvma0qX1B_j67R6pVWtGvIqcAgB0_ndWi8x1JoDSzc4C4EZIcapJRkjYbGWbZH7x2vguvmaoJv7_re4DWS6PCcx9Ng7Bjd3OhDhxb4uTRBJXKpuZ4j_gDKfy7EQ_S7fcoN5k/s1600/crossover_grades.gif" height="186" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsk3uXA_ELtEWWanFeKuF9eozm-ojfdv_xvYSRqcONj9QUIi3NKbRBnqhSmLmLt7XmA0tfC1x4bJU_Qwwx6W4pybHSInUUA90Kmtbyx0qh_DSV0j_nnQnEJJqkSPZMTA-Cn7aZqywX0aE/s1600/Clearance.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsk3uXA_ELtEWWanFeKuF9eozm-ojfdv_xvYSRqcONj9QUIi3NKbRBnqhSmLmLt7XmA0tfC1x4bJU_Qwwx6W4pybHSInUUA90Kmtbyx0qh_DSV0j_nnQnEJJqkSPZMTA-Cn7aZqywX0aE/s1600/Clearance.gif" height="320" width="259" /></a></div>
beberapa diagram memang saya unggah dari standar kereta api sebenarnya, jadi untuk mengkonversi ke dalam skala HO atau skala yang lain, dapat anda lakukan sendiri.<br />
<br />
mari sejenak kita berkunjung ke kota KIRANGAN <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang.html</a><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="background-color: #0c343d;"><b>mari kita melihat aksi lokomotif uap yang legendaris di Indonesia (Lokomotif C53) di <span style="background-color: white;"><a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/susunan-roda-lokomotif-uap.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/susunan-roda-lokomotif-uap.html</a></span></b></span></span></span></span><br />
<h2>
<span style="color: #0b5394;">- terimakasih telah sudi berkunjung di halaman blog ini -</span></h2>
Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-20457034783585541642014-01-24T00:56:00.002-08:002014-01-24T22:13:39.061-08:00PENGENALAN ROLLING STOCK<h2>
<b>HOPPER, GONDOLA, ORE (APAKAH ITU ?)</b></h2>
Pada postingan saya yang kemarin, sempat saya singgung mengenai 'Rolling Stock' (**bukan Rolling Stones ya ?) mari silahkan <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kopler-pada-miniatur-kereta-api.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kopler-pada-miniatur-kereta-api.html</a><br />
<br />
Nah dalam semesta miniatur kereta api di wilayah tanah air, yang notabene banyak didominasi oleh produk-produk Amerika Serikat (Yuwes), kita banyak membaca nama : Hopper, Gondola dan Ore<br />
<br />
sobat kamoder, taukah anda apakah itu ?<br />
<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> <b>HOPPER</b></span></span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Gerbong <b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hopper</b> adalah jenis </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">gerbong barang</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(freight car) yang digunakan untuk mengangkut </span><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_commodities&usg=ALkJrhiA3w7dMwBuDp_kMiXsYTDFn2n0DA" title="Komoditas Massal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">komoditas curah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> seperti </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal&usg=ALkJrhj95tuH6uDpehlx9Xe5W38qsP2c0A" title="Batu bara"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">batubara</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> , </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ore&usg=ALkJrhgiclbqUnzReWMeKfon0ZG_TYnOfw" title="Bijih"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">bijih</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> , </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereal&usg=ALkJrhiPzMoXXHZe2qwxZpvdCyPu_LzbeQ" title="Sereal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">biji-bijian</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> dan </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Track_ballast&usg=ALkJrhimgB_goyRCub2qVMBGXvigDMh2Gw" title="Melacak ballast"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">track ballast</span></a>
(<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">di
Indonesia orang menyebut kricak</span>)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dua
jenis utama dari gerbong hopper adalah : <b>gerbong tertutup,</b> yang
dilengkapi dengan atap, dan <b>gerbong yang terbuka,</b> yang tidak memiliki
atap. </span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpqLWHi69blUc61YsWZKlMZH_hErG5idobl56OQgQXSU_66Jj78QUgaq2SMwzjYlIfrpVoFc5gPc5-SsOopD-RdGttia-IAPekphaCCCbrwel0iCIj3Q2z42_B_CARLGvKl8HFVws4PL0/s1600/gon_hopper.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpqLWHi69blUc61YsWZKlMZH_hErG5idobl56OQgQXSU_66Jj78QUgaq2SMwzjYlIfrpVoFc5gPc5-SsOopD-RdGttia-IAPekphaCCCbrwel0iCIj3Q2z42_B_CARLGvKl8HFVws4PL0/s1600/gon_hopper.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hopper bak terbuka</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Gerbong Hopper berbeda dari gerbong <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondola_%28rail%29&usg=ALkJrhg7bJDzBekdlChyY-hJbrXnR45JMw" title="Gondola (rel)">gondola</a> yang pintunya
dapat membuka di bagian bawah atau di sisi untuk melepaskan muatannya. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pengembangan
gerbong hopper seiring dengan perkembangan penanganan otomatis komoditas,
dengan fasilitas bongkar muat otomatis. Gambar di atas diunggah dari : <a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vZWWqO3VFMQ/UAwgfGDPVPI/AAAAAAAFdBs/IIgKrfADQY0/s1600/UP%2B76203%2BRailcar%2B3%2BBay%2BCovered%2BHopper%2BRib%2BSides%2BUnion%2BPacific%2BRailroad%2BMacon%2BGeorgia%2BNS%2BRail%2BYard.JPG" target="_blank">http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vZWWqO3VFMQ/UAwgfGDPVPI/AAAAAAAFdBs/IIgKrfADQY0/s1600/UP%2B76203%2BRailcar%2B3%2BBay%2BCovered%2BHopper%2BRib%2BSides%2BUnion%2BPacific%2BRailroad%2BMacon%2BGeorgia%2BNS%2BRail%2BYard.JPG</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Gerbong</span> <span style="color: black;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covered_hopper" title="Covered hopper"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Covered hopper</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> (Hopper tertutup) digunakan untuk </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_cargo&usg=ALkJrhj5eSxNEtzcdvy4Ghk_2fBo-_3mGw" title="Kargo curah"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">kargo curah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> seperti : </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereal&usg=ALkJrhiPzMoXXHZe2qwxZpvdCyPu_LzbeQ" title="Sereal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">gandum</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> , </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar&usg=ALkJrhimj9oqWqxm7atcqxBJ2FKwMbQ8OQ" title="Gula"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">gula</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> , dan </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilizer&usg=ALkJrhjN9HW-oucd0VpSQ9w_jgDel2Y2wg" title="Pupuk"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">pupuk</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> yang harus dilindungi dari paparan
cuaca.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sementara gerbong hopper yang
terbuka yang digunakan untuk komoditas seperti </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal&usg=ALkJrhj95tuH6uDpehlx9Xe5W38qsP2c0A" title="Batu bara"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">batubara</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> , yang lebih tahan paparan dengan efek yang
kurang merugikan. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gerbong Hopper telah
digunakan oleh kereta api di seluruh dunia bersamaan dengan kebutuhan penanganan
kargo secara otomatis. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">di </span><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America&usg=ALkJrhjGeyeWJZPoULQQicRWnI8CgYUJDQ" title="Amerika Utara"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Amerika Utara</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> gerbong hopper terbuka telah mulai jarang
digunakan sejak munculnya gerbong </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary_car_dumper&usg=ALkJrhgkFNwM3_FVX_IfqEqT146-Pca7Rg" title="Rotary car dumper"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Dumper rotary</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> (yang dapat menjungkirbalikkan gerbong untuk
membongkar muatannya, dan telah menjadi teknologi bongkar yang sangat disukai)<sup>.
</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gerbong gondola model dumper rotary tersebut menyederhanakan
proses bongkar muat dan lebih kompak </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">daripada Hopper konvensional </span></span>(karena kemiringan ujungnya sudah tidak
diperlukan). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Meskipun
demikian, gerbong Hopper tertutup, masih digunakan secara luas. </span></span></div>
<br />
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<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><b>ORE</b></span></span></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">"Jenny Ore" (atau ‘Ore’ saja) merupakan
istilah yang cukup popular untuk jenis gerbong hopper terbuka yang <u><b>lebih pendek</b></u>
yang digunakan untuk mengangkut </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taconite&usg=ALkJrhg-MVZcKRa3R3W-8gIM13MpGMQ5-g" title="Taconite"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">taconite</span></a> (<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">sedimentari
batuan yang mengandung >15% bijih besi</span>)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> oleh </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duluth,_Missabe_and_Iron_Range_Railway&usg=ALkJrhimPzAwjWoVIbluaAtH81aLsTjveg" title="Duluth, Missabe dan Iron Range Railway"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Duluth, Missabe dan Iron Range Railway</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> di </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Range&usg=ALkJrhjJaVpoabLVEHqz0Fft5m7-uk-oHg" title="Iron Range"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Iron Range</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Minnesota. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk-jVHfd94uuVMTTFXlwoi2Su4An_NwcXWusz1I_MQnT1qUn74xWhiQCYOk3ilaAJjsLFXknCrGDr42KlrW_9GhRC3H2YpLWBr5Y9A-LHac-VNxfraVPdlT3EizWQteCGbag_cawiOzf4/s1600/gon_ore+Fenfa_Marked.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk-jVHfd94uuVMTTFXlwoi2Su4An_NwcXWusz1I_MQnT1qUn74xWhiQCYOk3ilaAJjsLFXknCrGDr42KlrW_9GhRC3H2YpLWBr5Y9A-LHac-VNxfraVPdlT3EizWQteCGbag_cawiOzf4/s1600/gon_ore+Fenfa_Marked.jpg" height="204" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">mainan miniatur kereta Fenfa Int'l Express cukup memberi gambaran tentang nama-nama ROLLING STOCK</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><b>GONDOLA</b></span></span></span></h3>
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<span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sebutan 'GONDOLA' hanya ada di </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroad_terminology&usg=ALkJrhgrG6-Aa_-mv2ybMsLBueSt2aGoMw" title="Terminologi Railroad">terminologi kereta api</a><span class="notranslate"> </span></span>AS</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="notranslate">, <b>gondola</b> adalah sebuah jenis gerbong <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang terbuka pada bagian atas dan digunakan
untuk membawa bahan padat longgar.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Karena dinding samping
rendah, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>gondola yang digunakan untuk
membawa bahan yang sangat padat, seperti </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel&usg=ALkJrhjMgbC1HvxkGhwkX-14UOcdThwyOg" title="Baja">baja</a><span class="notranslate">
pelat atau gulungan, atau barang berukuran besar seperti potongan prefabrikasi
dari </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_track&usg=ALkJrhhj5y8pQeaK203TeAkYt6fJd1RxEA" title="Rel">rel kereta api</a><span class="notranslate"> .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Di Eropa jenis
gerbong semacam ini dinamakan ‘Open Wagon’, di Indonesia dikenal dengan gerbong
‘Y’ ada ‘YR’ atau ‘YYW’</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQKkOv1b_IFgP1Z5AgTlehznnFSQ71mqS_a-gL_CakXQlIy-0JqFJ_H_zwTb3yeC18ey0nqv4FlwqjCTnUzef0knp3lPAgIjBK8wrii_mHV3ot-CGdycGSK_y6ZCugnH0tPeqtncGNTTQ/s1600/Gondola_Gondolier_Grand_Canal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQKkOv1b_IFgP1Z5AgTlehznnFSQ71mqS_a-gL_CakXQlIy-0JqFJ_H_zwTb3yeC18ey0nqv4FlwqjCTnUzef0knp3lPAgIjBK8wrii_mHV3ot-CGdycGSK_y6ZCugnH0tPeqtncGNTTQ/s1600/Gondola_Gondolier_Grand_Canal.jpg" height="228" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">asal muasal penamaan 'Gondola'</td></tr>
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<span class="notranslate">Sebelum pembukaan </span><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore_%2526_Ohio_Railroad&usg=ALkJrhh_gC9dKHs-EXPjDQWE30_h1Vac0w" title="Baltimore & Ohio Railroad">Baltimore
& Ohio Railroad</a><span class="notranslate"> dan </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesapeake_%2526_Ohio_Canal&usg=ALkJrhiRp9ee7YYgVj-C8tnUgrwfmNAgYQ" title="Chesapeake & Ohio Canal">Chesapeake
& Ohio Canal</a><span class="notranslate"> di Harpers Ferry, Virginia
(sekarang Virginia Barat), pengiriman </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal&usg=ALkJrhj95tuH6uDpehlx9Xe5W38qsP2c0A" title="Batu bara">batubara</a><span class="notranslate"> dilakukan melalui Sungai Potomac.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Pada zaman itu, kayu masih merupakan sumber daya yang
melimpah, perahu datar, yang disebut " </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondolas&usg=ALkJrhiS8rG9utlRxCgabn_yHAQ6jlRRMg" title="Gondola">gondola</a><span class="notranslate"> "(meniru-niru kapal dayung Venetian), dibuat untuk mengangkut
"berlian-berlian hitam" milir (down river – ke hilir) menuju pasar-pasar
di sekitar Washington, DC.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Di sana, kargo sekalian dengan kapalnya dijual, sementara
pengemudi perahu kembali ke rumah dengan berjalan kaki.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Karena itu g<span class="notranslate">erbong-gerbong
kereta api pertama kali digunakan dalam pengangkutan batubara dengan bak yang
tidak terlalu dalam (seperti kapal) dinamai "gerbong gondola".</span></span>
<br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: blue;">jika anda tertarik dengan sejarah perkertaapian di Yuwes, anda saya persilahkan menuju ke </span></span><a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/sejarah-kereta-api-amerika-yuwes.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/sejarah-kereta-api-amerika-yuwes.html</a></span><br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate">Mula-mula gerbong
gondola biasanya memiliki sisi dinding rendah.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Karena i<span class="notranslate">sinya harus dapat
disekop keluar dengan tangan, dan mereka butuh waktu lama untuk bongkar muatan.</span>
<span class="notranslate"> </span><br />
<span style="color: #c00000;"><span style="color: black;"><span class="notranslate">Pada tahun 1905, </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralston_Steel_Car_Company&usg=ALkJrhiHJyk5LrwVolR9XIlGy8OY7px15g" title="Ralston Baja Mobil Perusahaan">Ralston Baja
Car Company</a><span class="notranslate"> mem-patenkan gondola bak datar
(bagian dasar datar) dengan tuas peluncuran yang memungkinkan gondola menurunkan
muatan secara otomatis dari dasar bak.</span> <span class="notranslate">Tuas
peluncuran akan mengarahkan isi dari gondola ke sisi-sisinya.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sistem ini mulai dipakai ketika gerbong ini <span class="notranslate">beralih dari kayu ke baja, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sebagai perkuatan karena tarikan lokomotif
cenderung menghancurkan gerbong-gerbong dari papan kayu tua.</span></span> </span><br />
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYj-nclotSKU5gdbF_eI-BRIUb4V0w0LYTysi2sNxkE_NWnn6hkDHrdY3rZIkn92HmFiqkoB1WUuJRT5p0U7e434eZB33uD9OgZYxM0oCBENY2XBuj6IECnn9L3pJSu33i0LTEyiB1qQw/s1600/gondola.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYj-nclotSKU5gdbF_eI-BRIUb4V0w0LYTysi2sNxkE_NWnn6hkDHrdY3rZIkn92HmFiqkoB1WUuJRT5p0U7e434eZB33uD9OgZYxM0oCBENY2XBuj6IECnn9L3pJSu33i0LTEyiB1qQw/s1600/gondola.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gondola, gerbong terbuka berdinding rendah, namanya berasal dari perahu 'GONDOLIER' di Venezia</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Gambar di atas diunggah dari : <a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-t4xARrcV0-Y/UHc8Lz721vI/AAAAAAAGIZg/_FKZDJJ5AxU/s1600/CHTT%2B360325%2BGondola%2BRailcar%2BSteel%2BCable%2BChicago%2BHeights%2BTerminal%2BTransfer%2BRR%2BCo.%2BProperty%2BUP%2BUnion%2BPacific%2BRailroad%2BCSX%2BTrain%2BCordele%2BGeorgia%2BNS%2BDiamonds.JPG" target="_blank">http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-t4xARrcV0-Y/UHc8Lz721vI/AAAAAAAGIZg/_FKZDJJ5AxU/s1600/CHTT%2B360325%2BGondola%2BRailcar%2BSteel%2BCable%2BChicago%2BHeights%2BTerminal%2BTransfer%2BRR%2BCo.%2BProperty%2BUP%2BUnion%2BPacific%2BRailroad%2BCSX%2BTrain%2BCordele%2BGeorgia%2BNS%2BDiamonds.JPG</a> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Di negara kita, pembedaan Gondola dan Hopper tidak seperti di Yuwes, karena beberapa Gondola juga dipakai untuk mengangkut barang curah (grain) seperti kricak (track ballast)</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX6L8NyfBh15EJH0-6joyz936ky0uzQ_pEkxbJKBUBrpfo3_bHxbY1Y7pbG31ffEPug-F_6JSHGkIKibQuvbtBT5Q2gCCWgwMUEMPnaoL99p8x-9jmAGpd8O79LM52ALQu7ppd5iEszxw/s1600/2013-08-15+05.38.18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX6L8NyfBh15EJH0-6joyz936ky0uzQ_pEkxbJKBUBrpfo3_bHxbY1Y7pbG31ffEPug-F_6JSHGkIKibQuvbtBT5Q2gCCWgwMUEMPnaoL99p8x-9jmAGpd8O79LM52ALQu7ppd5iEszxw/s1600/2013-08-15+05.38.18.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">gerbong YR (gondola nya Indonesia, penamaan 'YR' sudah ada sejak jaman Belanda) - dokumen pribadi</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI1ZYJGQzbcRy0t4IkEGL36c8__6abIFien6vHoC9-ds1RirUAl1Rjc6A-UZ-_WtVqgaa1so3feXjA_fIkkOtxuIq1Hh19jOKfCzlv6188SxaweIIjPY8SvbE8Ii3qwESupCuHOLIzLmQ/s1600/2013-08-15+05.43.34.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI1ZYJGQzbcRy0t4IkEGL36c8__6abIFien6vHoC9-ds1RirUAl1Rjc6A-UZ-_WtVqgaa1so3feXjA_fIkkOtxuIq1Hh19jOKfCzlv6188SxaweIIjPY8SvbE8Ii3qwESupCuHOLIzLmQ/s1600/2013-08-15+05.43.34.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">gondola 'YYW' di stasiun SLO - untuk mengangkut barang curah (pasir kwarsa) - dokumen pribadi</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5-XdG7g1nGvMjJ12moPJl6wG9xT0pex8jSCRI_UB54FuJIdHrKN9srVraI4_uWTXOI63FmUJzQE8cn3z3F-0YN-WBz-wWdZOMRRQrSxq6-jW8x2GSsf-uZPQJH04-ZmKhSPm9hCK19zE/s1600/2013-08-15+05.41.09.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5-XdG7g1nGvMjJ12moPJl6wG9xT0pex8jSCRI_UB54FuJIdHrKN9srVraI4_uWTXOI63FmUJzQE8cn3z3F-0YN-WBz-wWdZOMRRQrSxq6-jW8x2GSsf-uZPQJH04-ZmKhSPm9hCK19zE/s1600/2013-08-15+05.41.09.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">lantai gerbong 'YYW' di stasiun SLO - dokumen pribadi</td></tr>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="background-color: #0c343d;"><b>mari kita melihat aksi lokomotif uap yang legendaris di Indonesia (Lokomotif C53) di</b></span></span> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/susunan-roda-lokomotif-uap.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/susunan-roda-lokomotif-uap.html</a></span></span></div>
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<br />
<h2>
<b>MEMBANGUN LINGKUNGAN IMAJINER UNTUK MINIATUR KERETA API INDONESIA</b></h2>
<b>KONSEP KOTA KIRANGAN</b><br />
<br />
<b>KIRANGAN </b>merupakan istilah bahasa Jawa yang berarti 'tidak tahu',
'tidak diketahui', 'kurang tahu', yang saya angkat sebagai nama sebuah
lingkungan imajiner dalam menyusun miniatur kereta api.<br />
Nama <b>'Kirangan' </b>dapat menunjuk pada <i>fictional place</i> seperti 'RADIATOR SPRING' dalam film animasi garapan 'Disney-Pixxar' dengan judul 'CARS'.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDUP-twvZeiLemkO0j5tr-hDO1YkIMicgnWjox2XI4rd3_i8txZso3uzAT5kKOqV58SvmnacMyz_XrtfjFgxjZArvQIusQQoVW_a6c9hYWCIZMNPGFkbDgx9LJh0rOEWgZ6kh5qcMLaM0/s1600/Radiator-Springs-disney-pixar-cars-8366041-600-323.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDUP-twvZeiLemkO0j5tr-hDO1YkIMicgnWjox2XI4rd3_i8txZso3uzAT5kKOqV58SvmnacMyz_XrtfjFgxjZArvQIusQQoVW_a6c9hYWCIZMNPGFkbDgx9LJh0rOEWgZ6kh5qcMLaM0/s1600/Radiator-Springs-disney-pixar-cars-8366041-600-323.jpg" height="172" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fictional place 'Radiator Springs' dalam animasi 'CARS'</td></tr>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">untuk berkunjung ke kota KIRANGAN, anda saya persilahkan melewati <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/konsep-kota-kirangan.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/konsep-kota-kirangan.html</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">dan ini sudut-sudut lain dari kota KIRANGAN</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg38YCyxv7LlXYBzh5GdgFM50D3SHcGQtobiFPfzIUOp4ThJ60ynrnnweZmAlCyiElBniTVeKk_QzgHn85YWNgRymPcFm_F5PpWOg4bySaxQEUh77uYyKoY8QpBQKNPoXh_PY4OUGkwl6o/s1600/2013-06-01+10.28.29.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg38YCyxv7LlXYBzh5GdgFM50D3SHcGQtobiFPfzIUOp4ThJ60ynrnnweZmAlCyiElBniTVeKk_QzgHn85YWNgRymPcFm_F5PpWOg4bySaxQEUh77uYyKoY8QpBQKNPoXh_PY4OUGkwl6o/s1600/2013-06-01+10.28.29.jpg" height="148" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">sebuah sudut kampung kota KIRANGAN</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE-R3GwcbtaZhyMeexIDke_Zgw9F5Nd2TFmhQFIpwCi5LNZKZ8LRh2OcwG8yn9pj13MuBOigmZqcJALBh1xo9RYJMVSo4iVCuN2rLyUwRa-F17mn8QaQV9H-6RJesRSX4zjTGoA6Yx3ig/s1600/2013-05-27+14.24.44.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE-R3GwcbtaZhyMeexIDke_Zgw9F5Nd2TFmhQFIpwCi5LNZKZ8LRh2OcwG8yn9pj13MuBOigmZqcJALBh1xo9RYJMVSo4iVCuN2rLyUwRa-F17mn8QaQV9H-6RJesRSX4zjTGoA6Yx3ig/s1600/2013-05-27+14.24.44.jpg" height="190" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">lokomotif CC201 dengan BP livery 'Nusantara' entering KIRANGAN</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTUObO-UyvkIj11kchIjPHA6pf3A9omUhFSFfStnT1qP7UWDHAGjkPx7uzrVt72go7klEqULARAYh0tMwdBCDCcR92Bvzv7auaBHp0efTGMWYVfqmtfamr40fslTeOZRjKse6W-tssdlM/s1600/tangki+Galau.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTUObO-UyvkIj11kchIjPHA6pf3A9omUhFSFfStnT1qP7UWDHAGjkPx7uzrVt72go7klEqULARAYh0tMwdBCDCcR92Bvzv7auaBHp0efTGMWYVfqmtfamr40fslTeOZRjKse6W-tssdlM/s1600/tangki+Galau.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">kesibukan di KIRANGAN</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">untuk anda yang ingin menikmati keindahan kota tua Semarang, dapat anda temukan di <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang_21.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang_21.html</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">ingin tahu lebih dalam tentang miniatur Indonesia, silahkan berkunjung ke <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-indonesia-2.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-indonesia-2.html</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">ingin tahu stasiun kereta api di mancanegara Eropa dan Indonesia dengan arsitekturnya yang indah, saya persilahkan berkunjung ke <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang_18.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang_18.html</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCHodmLiGokIGEmc8l2KbpJ2B4boIu5sA5pHnklHN-ALQK2_2fpAL8Kxu7ie_H7RHhQ9CGJBLf_iUaXHeJL4jJ6ckG9n2QYE0YTehjM6H4PxgJub0QmAgsdgpT9eX_g9T4BpdvP_iKI60/s1600/rombonx+bubur.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCHodmLiGokIGEmc8l2KbpJ2B4boIu5sA5pHnklHN-ALQK2_2fpAL8Kxu7ie_H7RHhQ9CGJBLf_iUaXHeJL4jJ6ckG9n2QYE0YTehjM6H4PxgJub0QmAgsdgpT9eX_g9T4BpdvP_iKI60/s1600/rombonx+bubur.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">suasana daerah margin kota KIRANGAN</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOATG_7HgeULiFIMoi_zPbSPtDlIQgq6jH3Fn-XyoXtxJSAwNY3cjYbyNby5tp6x-0aLwln2G2cdJ9z0HuTFu9cQ9aviIgdRSjf-smsdYAnmVuWunPurrmhEyDBY8TQ4lpyaYOcRwuxrA/s1600/waroeng+Gaul.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOATG_7HgeULiFIMoi_zPbSPtDlIQgq6jH3Fn-XyoXtxJSAwNY3cjYbyNby5tp6x-0aLwln2G2cdJ9z0HuTFu9cQ9aviIgdRSjf-smsdYAnmVuWunPurrmhEyDBY8TQ4lpyaYOcRwuxrA/s1600/waroeng+Gaul.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">vista dari 'Warung Gaul' di KIRANGAN</td></tr>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">untuk berkenalan dengan diorama dan Lay Out dalam miniatur kereta api, anda dipersilahkan meng-klik <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/tentang-diorama.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/tentang-diorama.html</a></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-hJpAZFlvocUcUdlLt86QpvacZ-1u0H9lUTmDoTqqr7cSeiTlTzzH3DM_n-AF1o959U8lHLlD8o-OmfGa7bPVQBPr6bjQSax5MBHxPokWRXTepaKKAKJTGYA9cEHEkGO1XfOUayce-JQ/s1600/2013-08-17+12.01.42edit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-hJpAZFlvocUcUdlLt86QpvacZ-1u0H9lUTmDoTqqr7cSeiTlTzzH3DM_n-AF1o959U8lHLlD8o-OmfGa7bPVQBPr6bjQSax5MBHxPokWRXTepaKKAKJTGYA9cEHEkGO1XfOUayce-JQ/s1600/2013-08-17+12.01.42edit.jpg" height="120" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">stasiun kota KIRANGAN</td></tr>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="background-color: purple;"><span style="color: white;">- terimakasih telah berkunjung ke halaman blog ini -</span></span></span></span></h3>
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<br /></div>
Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-83712804794268208712014-01-23T07:46:00.002-08:002014-01-23T19:07:00.883-08:00KOPLER PADA MINIATUR KERETA API<h2>
<span style="color: red;"><b>KENALI JENIS KOPLER-MU</b></span> </h2>
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<br />
<span class="notranslate"> Dalam hobby miniatur kereta api, lokomotif menarik rangkaian beberapa gerbong, seperti layaknya kereta api dalam dunia nyata. Rangkaian tersebut dapat berupa gerbong barang, atau kereta penumpang. Gerbong barang sendiri ada banyak macamnya, ada tangki, ada boxcar, flatcar dan masih banyak yang lainnya.</span><br />
<span class="notranslate">Seluruh rangkaian ini diistilahkan dengan <span style="font-size: large;"><b>'rolling stock'</b></span>.</span><br />
<span class="notranslate"> Agar supaya lokomotif dapat merangkai (menggandeng) rolling stock, dan dalam rolling stock antara gerbong yang satu dan yang lainnya dapat bergandengan, dibutuhkan sebuah alat perangkai yang lazim dinamakan <b><span style="font-size: large;">KOUPLER <span style="font-size: small;">(Coupler, kopler)</span></span></b></span><br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate">Selain skala yang berbeda, ada juga berbagai jenis
Koupler untuk merangkai gerbong, yang tidak kompatibel satu sama lain.</span><br />
<span class="notranslate">Tidak semua merk gerbong atau lokomotif dapat dirangkaikan begitu saja dalam sebuah rolling stock, jadi jangan heran jika anda membeli dua gerbong dengan merk yang berbeda, atau lokomotif dengan gerbong yang berbeda merk/ tipe ternyata memiliki jenis koupler yang berbeda, dan itu artinya : gerbong tidak dapat tersambung, alias not compatible.</span><br />
<span class="notranslate">Marilah kita mengenali koupler-koupler dalam rolling stock yang LAZIM dijumpai di PASAR INDONESIA</span><br />
<h3>
<span class="notranslate"><b>Koupler Horn Hook</b> </span> </h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="hps">Koupler Horn Hook</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">adalah</span></span><span lang="IN"> </span></span><span class="hps">sebentuk</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">plastik </span></span></span><span class="hps">yang dicetak menjadi </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">coupler </span>, </span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">yang digunakan</span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">pada model</span> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>miniature kereta api <span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">skala</span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">HO</span>. </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Koupler Horn Hook ini <span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Populer</span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps">dari tahun 1960</span> <span class="hps">sampai</span> <span class="hps">awal 1990-an</span> </span><span class="hps">untuk train set</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">,</span>
karena ongkos produksi yang relative murah dan operasional yang<span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">mudah bagi</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">anak-anak</span>. </span></span><span lang="IN"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Train set adalah set penjualan miniatur
kereta api di toko-toko, sebuah lokomotif yang lengkap dengan beberapa gerbong
dan track, dijual satu set – bukan ketengan) .<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Kelemahan coupler Horn Hook ini<span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">tidak memiliki</span></span><span lang="IN"> <span class="hps">cara mudah</span> <span class="hps">untuk</span> <span class="hps">uncoupling</span>
<span class="hps">otomatis dan</span> </span></span><span class="hps">sama sekali
tidak mirip dengan jenis coupler jenis apapun, pada kereta api yang sebenarnya</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGDCq1auu1TAEjngk5-OtNDAQsTig-GiXwyt8UmDNBBTD3IrWctjZ5WQM9pHF4E_bSD_ClqEPSZkVY9s_8-qH_Ws_tVBm93AEhDBv3iby2G7eYeaqo2i0fjHkIlFo76OHQyCyG22eULjY/s1600/Mag_Hornhook%25283%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGDCq1auu1TAEjngk5-OtNDAQsTig-GiXwyt8UmDNBBTD3IrWctjZ5WQM9pHF4E_bSD_ClqEPSZkVY9s_8-qH_Ws_tVBm93AEhDBv3iby2G7eYeaqo2i0fjHkIlFo76OHQyCyG22eULjY/s1600/Mag_Hornhook%25283%2529.jpg" height="265" width="320" /></a></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-OCPciyfD7pqy-Sjlr9CvGDAwk-z0zM1UUB9HXCK5DFXWAnDaZNQu5UAY6fN92VmDqOhCAqgGcS2Ewj3F3Z5wcuD0Vqn_zxOGTK7c6ZIH8RoLFTjTvIfoM_VkHZQAqkk7cfd97Xy6Vi0/s1600/Mag_Hornhook.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-OCPciyfD7pqy-Sjlr9CvGDAwk-z0zM1UUB9HXCK5DFXWAnDaZNQu5UAY6fN92VmDqOhCAqgGcS2Ewj3F3Z5wcuD0Vqn_zxOGTK7c6ZIH8RoLFTjTvIfoM_VkHZQAqkk7cfd97Xy6Vi0/s1600/Mag_Hornhook.jpg" height="288" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">bermacam-macam pose tipe koupler Horn Hook</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><br />
</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="color: blue;">untuk mengenali permasalahan dalam miniatur kereta api Indonesia, anda kami persilahkan berkunjung ke</span> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-indonesia.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-indonesia.html</a></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="color: #990000;">dan lanjutannya ada di</span> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-indonesia-2.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-indonesia-2.html</a> </span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><b><span style="color: #38761d;">agar anda akrab dengan skala dan gauge, anda dapat klik di sini</span></b> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/skala-gauge.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/skala-gauge.html</a></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">jika anda ingin membangun sebuah <span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="font-size: large;">Lay out yang sesuai dengan citarasa anda</span></span>, kami persilahkan anda untuk berkunjung ke halaman ini <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang.html</a> dan lanjutannya ada pada judul yang sama <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang_18.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang_18.html</a><br />
</span><span class="hps"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="hps">Koupler Horn Hook sering<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">disebut</span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span>pula coupler <span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">X2F</span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">, </span><span lang="IN"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span class="hps">H</span><span class="hps"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">ook-</span></span>Horn<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">, <span class="hps">atau</span> </span><span class="hps">koupler</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span class="hps"><span lang="IN">NMRA</span></span><span lang="IN">, </span></span><span class="hps"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>beberapa pehobby miniatur kereta api menggantinya
dengan Koupler jenis ‘Knuckle’ yang nampak lebih real dan lebih mudah
pengoperasiannya</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">. </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pada tahun 1990-an masa patent khusus coupler
Horn Hook berakhir sehingga <span class="hps">berangsur jenis coupler Horn Hook
menghilang dari peredaran, digantikan oleh coupler ‘Knuckle’ yang lebih mudah
pengoperasiannya </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<h2>
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><b>Koupler KNUCKLE</b></h2>
<br />
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<span class="notranslate">Koupler Knuckle diketemukan pada tahun 1870-an di
Amerika Utara.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Eli Janney mendaftarkan temuannya dengan paten untuk apa
ultmately menjadi desain alat perangkai standar <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pada tahun 1873. </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> <br />
<span class="notranslate">Gagasan awal untuk coupler Knuckle berasal dari
berjabat tangan.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Dari atas, sepasang koupler Knuckle yang menyerupai tangan
manusia yang saling menggenggam.</span> <span class="notranslate">Bagaimana cara
melepaskan genggaman?</span> <br />
<span class="notranslate">Detail renik dan fungsi koupler Knuckle telah
menjadi tantangan pemodel dari generasi ke generasi.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Dalam skala yang
lebih kecil, Kadee<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>menetapkan standar
selama beberapa dekade.</span> Pada tahun <span class="notranslate">1947 desain
Kadee dipatenkan menjadi begitu universal sedemikian sehingga nama itu tetap
identik dengan koupler jenis knuckle sampai kini.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate"> </span><br />
<span class="notranslate"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6RYiiWoGBbd0-EYGzBrBqrAgbnCEx1Og6OHKOn7inUDm_uEEU6LijUfsdwYV9X-nB4vqUQdZTUl4HGQJFxBfhiAqskPKJHvaAXV9QvEcILp1y4VubN-4wyoGDFu7bnyyQwMHutnkguhk/s1600/Mag_knuckle.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6RYiiWoGBbd0-EYGzBrBqrAgbnCEx1Og6OHKOn7inUDm_uEEU6LijUfsdwYV9X-nB4vqUQdZTUl4HGQJFxBfhiAqskPKJHvaAXV9QvEcILp1y4VubN-4wyoGDFu7bnyyQwMHutnkguhk/s1600/Mag_knuckle.jpg" height="125" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">koupler Knuckle dan bagian-bagian renik-nya</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><br />
<span class="notranslate">Selain merancang
sistem kerja koupler,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kadee juga
mengembangkan sistem koupler yang kuat,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>untuk dapat digunakan merangkai hampir setiap bagian model rolling
stock.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Meskipun
rolling stock memiliki shenks berbeda panjang, offset kepala, lubang pemasangan
dengan ukuran yang tak lazim, dan jalur masuk ke rumah kouplernya,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>merangkai lebih untuk membuat mengubah apa
pun yang mungkin.</span> <br />
<span class="notranslate">Terbuat dari logam, Koupler Kadee menggunakan
sepasang pegas untuk menjaga semua bagian tetap erat pada pusat-nya.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Pegas yang tersemat
dalam coupler menjaga coupler tetap tertutup.</span> <span class="notranslate">Dalam
sekejap, dalam kotak rumahnya, menjaga coupler selalu pada posisi pusat untuk
merangkai gerbong lain.</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7RzvNhVtKf7BfR-gFQIhFkOnbVOxN7EjyLSkUEK3jsIoGuhuvrd8KRJs4ugVdtMPoCbpOYQiDM8_rdBI-QQYIVhXRkyLLEQKvc7ojdjam1AHuCTt3_PCEeGcT0GJu5YlkZ3PdwMC7Fdo/s1600/Mag_kadee-kopler.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7RzvNhVtKf7BfR-gFQIhFkOnbVOxN7EjyLSkUEK3jsIoGuhuvrd8KRJs4ugVdtMPoCbpOYQiDM8_rdBI-QQYIVhXRkyLLEQKvc7ojdjam1AHuCTt3_PCEeGcT0GJu5YlkZ3PdwMC7Fdo/s1600/Mag_kadee-kopler.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">koupler Kadee</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="notranslate"> </span> <br />
<span class="notranslate">Keunggulan coupler Kadee yang menggunakan tongkat
melengkung (jenggot) di bawah coupler knuckle (dirancang untuk menyerupai
sebuah selang udara) untuk bereaksi terhadap magnet antara rel untuk uncoupling
otomatis.</span> <span class="notranslate">Pemodel akhirnya punya coupler yang
kokoh, handal dan otomatis.</span> <br />
<span class="notranslate">Sejak paten pertama Kadee yang berakhir pada tahun
1997, banyak manufaktur telah datang dengan desain kompatibel.</span> <span class="notranslate">Meskipun semua merek akan berinteraksi, kopler dan merek
uncoupling yang berbeda, tidak selalu semulus menggunakan jenis/ merk yang
sama.</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6BjC0U60VEqBiTcRrkHJnXI0Pjj31ECPp39W7Cu6iPiDwoED6JUzL0hfAvjT7-O01dhmmwMgEB-ol8dDe5k4MVgyk4Dmj-fC8C59Hb48APwuuTaNEcnGuR3VEto3bMqyzkUgqEen8oHA/s1600/Mag_kadee-5cm-menu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6BjC0U60VEqBiTcRrkHJnXI0Pjj31ECPp39W7Cu6iPiDwoED6JUzL0hfAvjT7-O01dhmmwMgEB-ol8dDe5k4MVgyk4Dmj-fC8C59Hb48APwuuTaNEcnGuR3VEto3bMqyzkUgqEen8oHA/s1600/Mag_kadee-5cm-menu.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">koupler Knuckle yang dapat merubah tipe koupler jenis NEM</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="notranslate"> </span> <br />
<b>Uncoupling</b> <br />
Fungsi magnetik uncoupling paling banyak digunakan untuk coupler jenis
knuckle hamper pada setiap skala. <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://modeltrains.about.com/od/operatingmodeltrains/ig/Uncoupling-Magnets/index.htm&usg=ALkJrhizA-e9bkwcK4MLG1M9mehfQhxxdg">Magnet</a>
dipasang antara atau di bawah rel menarik tuas/ jenggot, sehingga membuka
genggaman koupler.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dengan back up yang
halus, kemudian mendorong maju, koupler akan tetap terbuka tetapi dalam posisi
"tertunda".<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sehingga gerbong kemudian
dapat mendorong dari magnet ke tempat akhir.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Back up dan maju lagi off dari magnet dan koupler akan terrangkai secara
otomatis.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb6p56A9byN7EDfljhio25-5G8DXfectCWogjDcUyzZufW_gh3ZefmZSvFMxjtScp7rVd20pB5Ahm3RUrQPqVhG-eMgeC1pZI56Jw_wDyfJHSqABGAboZNKlOtTlmlT4bCZu8KKdW7eZ4/s1600/Magnet_uncoupler.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb6p56A9byN7EDfljhio25-5G8DXfectCWogjDcUyzZufW_gh3ZefmZSvFMxjtScp7rVd20pB5Ahm3RUrQPqVhG-eMgeC1pZI56Jw_wDyfJHSqABGAboZNKlOtTlmlT4bCZu8KKdW7eZ4/s1600/Magnet_uncoupler.gif" height="178" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">magnet Uncoupler</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
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<h3>
<b>KOUPLER NEM</b></h3>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ada
banyak masalah pada fitur koupler NEM untuk mendapatkan rangkaian yang handal
antara lokomotif beserta rolling stock nya.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Pabrik-pabrik produsen miniatur kereta api di Inggris tidak sepenuhnya
mengikuti standard normatif NMRA (Asosiasi penggemar hobby Miniatur Kereta api
Amerika – National Model Railroad Association).</span></div>
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<span class="longtext"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Hal tersebut
membuat para pelaku hobby miniatur Kereta api mencari jenis Koupler yang dapat
merangkai rolling stock lebih rapat dan lebih mudah. </span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><br />
<span class="longtext">Sebagian besar rolling stock skala HO Eropa dan Amerika
tidak mengalami masalah yang sama seperti rolling stock Inggris, karena para
produsen pabrikan miniatur Kereta api di luar Inggris lebih mengikuti definisi
NMRA daripada produsen pembuat merk-merk ternama Inggris.</span></span></div>
<br />
<h3>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><b>isu utama pada model Inggris
adalah bahwa kantong rumahan koupler NEM bervariasi dalam posisi dari satu model ke model lain
(baik tinggi maupun inset)</b> </span></h3>
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Ini harus dikatakan bahwa produsen besar terpengaruh oleh hal ini adalah pada
kasus ini dan mudah-mudahan inkonsistensi tersebut akan diselesaikan di
beberapa titik di masa depan</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSJS4uWAORyVUf1Anmk9FZcQA2Dvpu7C3w_OprgnzR0-HGPEm46IxH_ryCdAAN8Anu4c7w0GkIRtYwW0FXbJ3Qv5HD52Hitr8NNH7WMf0P9fqe2AobGCFl-xnad-8-xuaLBvIVHockqlU/s1600/mag_NEM%25285%2529.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSJS4uWAORyVUf1Anmk9FZcQA2Dvpu7C3w_OprgnzR0-HGPEm46IxH_ryCdAAN8Anu4c7w0GkIRtYwW0FXbJ3Qv5HD52Hitr8NNH7WMf0P9fqe2AobGCFl-xnad-8-xuaLBvIVHockqlU/s1600/mag_NEM%25285%2529.jpeg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">koupler jenis NEM</td></tr>
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<span class="notranslate">Untuk pehobby miniatur kereta api Inggris, yang
paling populer adalah skala OO, coupler yang biasa dipakai adalah tension-lock
coupler, yang kurang mereplikasi prototipe koupler rantai tiga-link.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kemudian pabrikan <span class="notranslate">Bachmann
dan Hornby telah mulai menawarkan model kopler yang dilengkapi dengan rumah NEM
coupler.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Hal
ini secara teoritis memungkinkan </span>pehobby miniatur kereta api Inggris<span class="notranslate"> untuk mengganti setiap coupler NEM362 lain, meskipun banyak
model Bachmann menempatkan rumah coupler NEM pada ketinggian yang tidak sama.</span>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Sebuah
alternatif yang cukup umum adalah dengan merepresentasikan koupler rantai
seperti yang ditemukan pada prototipe, meskipun ini membutuhkan kurva radius
besar untuk menghindari derailments.</span> <br />
<span class="notranslate">Harus ditekankan bahwa, di semua skala, koupler
dapat ditukar, dengan tingkat kesulitan masing-masing.</span> <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJWN9duWWfdQMNMpwOHT7Zo-PkwRg6GAndTwbeR5-C7YMTwQG1gy8__iCRib4f1uGorGK5RGwOR-ilRl4C8LZu-nHqKT9PTBeSaXCaZcykrvAcIiN0i-1wpaTC1cX4nk0TeHmOSFGNlwQ/s1600/Mag_NEM(4).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJWN9duWWfdQMNMpwOHT7Zo-PkwRg6GAndTwbeR5-C7YMTwQG1gy8__iCRib4f1uGorGK5RGwOR-ilRl4C8LZu-nHqKT9PTBeSaXCaZcykrvAcIiN0i-1wpaTC1cX4nk0TeHmOSFGNlwQ/s1600/Mag_NEM(4).jpg" height="230" width="320" /></a></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn1UIwqqwYZXglB9udSH4OvrJlShcJb_Y-NwAOJj0pLPWm4IgS9TEwalZ4r0Z7k6vfyMKbxYP1aOEukoQdViYMa0cFBd2zF7pzkF4Taf3Ri_ssdIhAL93nUW2fz_NlML6VYypqSIJ9OpU/s1600/Mag_NEM(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn1UIwqqwYZXglB9udSH4OvrJlShcJb_Y-NwAOJj0pLPWm4IgS9TEwalZ4r0Z7k6vfyMKbxYP1aOEukoQdViYMa0cFBd2zF7pzkF4Taf3Ri_ssdIhAL93nUW2fz_NlML6VYypqSIJ9OpU/s1600/Mag_NEM(2).jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">koupler jenis NEM</td></tr>
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<br />
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<span class="notranslate">Standar Amerika pada skala HO merujuk pada perangkai
Horn Hook, atau koupler X2F.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Koupler Horn Hook memberikan andil yang besar, lahirnya
desain coupler yang dikenal sebagai knuckle coupler yang dipopulerkan oleh
Kadee </span>Quality Products <span class="notranslate">Co, dan yang kemudian telah
ditiru oleh sejumlah manufaktur lainnya dalam beberapa tahun terakhir.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Cara bekerja coupler
‘knuckle’ adalah pendekatan lebih mirip ke koupler-koupler "otomatis"
yang digunakan pada kereta api sebenarnya.</span> <span class="notranslate">Juga
di HO, produsen Eropa memiliki standar, tetapi pada coupler mount, bukan
coupler: banyak jenis coupler dapat dipasang di (dan keluar) dari kotak rumahan NEM
coupler.</span> <span class="notranslate">Tak satu pun dari koupler-koupler populer
mempunyai kemiripan dengan rantai tiga-link prototipe umumnya digunakan di
benua itu.</span> <br />
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<span class="notranslate">Perlu diketahui bahwa, di semua skala, koupler
dapat ditukar, dengan tingkat kesulitan masing-masing.</span> <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #cc0000;">agar anda semakin mengenal jenis lokomotif-lokomotif
mancanegara (Eropa) anda saya persilahkan untuk meng klik</span> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yurop.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yurop.html</a></div>
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<span style="color: #cc0000;">dan untuk yang menyukai lokomotif Amerika, silahkan anda baca di sini</span> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yuwes.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yuwes.html</a> </div>
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agar anda tidak ketinggalan pengetahuan sejarah perkereta apian di Amerika, silahkan klik di <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/sejarah-kereta-api-amerika-yuwes.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/sejarah-kereta-api-amerika-yuwes.html</a></div>
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dan untuk berkunjung ke kota mini KIRANGAN, anda saya persilahkan melewati <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/konsep-kota-kirangan.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/konsep-kota-kirangan.html</a></div>
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sebenarnya koupler tipe NEM ini merupakan koupler yang sangat baik genggamannya, karena memiliki 'gelang pengunci'. Kelemahan jenis koupler 'KNUCKLE' adalah di saat menikung 'S' atau tikungan tanjakan, anda dapat melihat bahwa tinggal bagian setitik saja dari koupler KNUCKLE yang sungguh-sungguh 'berjabat tangan'</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZgipkB3U7i9STLDIBx0uyyT4d8UTCycHc6aUji_ZGNG6ghfA9RTwlhEwnykYcE3vI1f0RjAbrOeyhg1x-g-icgyMFnI0Zu76fiK7HZ7jr-Tf_TuqKzr2EPxfMs88qGxEakjmNBPKUKVQ/s1600/knuckle,+rawan+decoupler.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZgipkB3U7i9STLDIBx0uyyT4d8UTCycHc6aUji_ZGNG6ghfA9RTwlhEwnykYcE3vI1f0RjAbrOeyhg1x-g-icgyMFnI0Zu76fiK7HZ7jr-Tf_TuqKzr2EPxfMs88qGxEakjmNBPKUKVQ/s1600/knuckle,+rawan+decoupler.jpg" height="320" width="175" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">koupler KNUCKLE, rawan decoupler di 'jalur kritis'</td></tr>
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perlu anda ketahui pula, bahwa ketika rangkaian kereta penumpang berjumpa dengan lintasan berbelok (curving) maka posisi tampak dari atas adalah sebagai berikut </div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIeRElQkE1HwEF2DifCdubUi1zB-uo-RtFEZA6EKRP9KDfGXKQ_iei4tA3eQGYcEjXpoGgKsSlDbUS-5rJgnuTIvJbxFLcfBhcBgbgCPsFEsU-rYeV8NRFz8i_lfeVZTUiUjkTf-crZNo/s1600/manuver.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIeRElQkE1HwEF2DifCdubUi1zB-uo-RtFEZA6EKRP9KDfGXKQ_iei4tA3eQGYcEjXpoGgKsSlDbUS-5rJgnuTIvJbxFLcfBhcBgbgCPsFEsU-rYeV8NRFz8i_lfeVZTUiUjkTf-crZNo/s1600/manuver.gif" height="248" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">posisi rolling stock di tikungan (curve)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEHysVigjRk79zNqAiWPgCG1PnskmpysE-7DZelcThS40CSJtg4BVxAOlhmjWubp3aINDq0xyvPZPWZp34D2G6Gz9dHBur4tX3b_viAganHwhEkPHJPo2iKci8YjrlY5S6jscgD0Yn3ks/s1600/dari+atas_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEHysVigjRk79zNqAiWPgCG1PnskmpysE-7DZelcThS40CSJtg4BVxAOlhmjWubp3aINDq0xyvPZPWZp34D2G6Gz9dHBur4tX3b_viAganHwhEkPHJPo2iKci8YjrlY5S6jscgD0Yn3ks/s1600/dari+atas_2.jpg" height="137" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">posisi jalur kritis, rangkaian rawan 'decoupler'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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jadi, berhati-hatilah mengatur posisi belokan (curve) pada sebuah Lay out, supaya tidak terjebak pada jalur kritis</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: #0c343d;"><span style="color: white;">apakah NEM ?</span></span></span></div>
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<span class="notranslate">Standar <b>NEM</b> adalah standar untuk </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_railroad&usg=ALkJrhh4nD5nW3jo9-sQA5eRtRfWiXFfMA" title="Model kereta api">miniatur</a><span class="notranslate"> kereta api
diterbitkan oleh </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOROP&usg=ALkJrhiFvXbbw-QtFTnGe7YS8f0Eyk2Cjg" title="MOROP">MOROP</a><span class="notranslate"> .</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">NEM merupakan
singkatan <b>Normen Europäischer Modellbahnen</b> (Jerman), <b>Normas Europeas
de Modelismo</b> (Spanyol) atau <b>NORMES Européennes de Modélisme</b>
(Perancis), yang dalam terjemahan bahasa aselinya (Jerman) adalah <i>Standar
Eropa untuk Model Kereta Api.</i></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span class="notranslate">Ungkapan </span><b>Normal European Modelling
Standards</b> <span class="notranslate">atau disingkat <i>Standar NEM</i>
digunakan antara pemodel kereta api Eropa di UK(Inggris).</span> <br />
<span class="notranslate">The NEM standar yang ditetapkan dan dikelola oleh
Komisi Teknis MOROP bekerjasama dengan produsen model kereta api (di Eropa).</span>
<br />
<span class="notranslate">Standarisasi NEM menetapkankan </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_railroad_scales&usg=ALkJrhipZ_aiaGxP0-WIG3pV0zFAVc5z6w" title="Skala kereta api Model">skala-skala dalam kereta api Model</a><span class="notranslate"> dan panduan bagi pabrikan </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Model_railroad_manufacturers&usg=ALkJrhjjFIC75NhCsCReDoZZqLfK1tSKjg" title="Produsen Model kereta api: Kategori">produsen</a><span class="notranslate"> dalam menciptakan produk yang kompatibel dan membantu pelaku
hoby miniature kereta api (KAMODER) dalam membangun </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_Railroad_Layout&usg=ALkJrhg4Pg31Mdv84Z7YWLGqn352qYimoA" title="Model Railroad Tata Letak">layout kereta api model</a><span class="notranslate"> yang handal.</span> <span class="notranslate">Standarisasi
tersebut meliputi bidang-bidang seperti derajat tanjakan, </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroad_switch&usg=ALkJrhjzzRCf8JAzj2G44mb5NKIndMXofQ" title="Beralih Railroad">radius</a><span class="notranslate"> lengkungan, profil
roda, desain kopling (alat perangkai), </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Command_Control&usg=ALkJrhj8VoO0MByEDEsmkrMqt04bGGmQFg" title="Digital Kontrol Perintah">Digital</a><span class="notranslate"> Control
Command dan skala-skala yang lebih spesifik.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Prinsip dasar dalam
standar NEM adalah kompromi dalam rasio perbandingan skala yang tepat untuk
mendukung kehandalan operasional model sistem kereta api.</span> <span class="notranslate">Contoh untuk hal ini adalah </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flange&usg=ALkJrhji83f7mxBuKRqpUyS1K7dN6y7bxA" title="Flens">flange roda</a><span class="notranslate"> yang secara proporsional
cenderung lebih luas dalam skala yang lebih kecil untuk menjamin operasi yang
handal.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(**artinya lebar flange
tidak sungguh-sungguh memanifestasikan lebar flange pada skala sesungguhnya
yang dibagi oleh faktor skala-nya)<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="notranslate"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Standarisasi
NEM mencakup hal-hal mirip dengan standarisasi dan praktek yang
direkomendasikan oleh </span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMRA&usg=ALkJrhgJ4gWRgI1hElP9SHOKo7kBLKeWWg" title="NMRA">NMRA</a><span class="notranslate"> di </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States&usg=ALkJrhh5LI2kORy2BT3InQYZAzz6wTKuYw" title="AS">Amerika Serikat</a><span class="notranslate"> , tetapi dua standar tidak
seluruhnya bisa dipertukarkan.</span> <span class="notranslate">Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, MOROP dan NMRA telah bekerja
lebih erat bersama-sama untuk menetapkan standar umum untuk perkembangan
seperti </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Command_Control&usg=ALkJrhj8VoO0MByEDEsmkrMqt04bGGmQFg" title="Digital Kontrol Perintah">Digital</a><span class="notranslate"> Control
Command (Kontroler Digital – pengendali rangkaian kereta api di atas track/ lay
out secara dijital, yang memungkinkan pengaturan untuk beberapa rangkaian
(lokomotif) sekaligus) .</span> <span class="notranslate">Produsen model kereta
api Eropa umumnya mengikuti standar NEM, sementara produsen Amerika Utara
umumnya mengikuti standar NMRA.</span> </span></span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: #990000;"><span style="color: white;">LAY OUT dalam MINIATUR KERETA API</span></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
<span class="notranslate">Lay out dalam konteks miniatur kereta api lahir dari
keinginan orang untuk <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>memiliki beberapa rangkaian
kereta api (mini) yang dapat dikendalikan dan menghabiskan berjam-jam untuk
dapat menjalankan rangkaian-rangkaian tersebut dengan lancar <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sambil melewati pemandangan yang dilewatinya.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pemodel dapat mengoleksi model kereta api,
membangun lansekap untuk dapat dilewati kereta, atau mengoperasikan sendiri </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railroad&usg=ALkJrhiiMrSq4co-CZskzwtFgTJwtA2j0w" title="Jalan kereta api">kereta api</a><span class="notranslate"> miniatur.</span>
<span class="notranslate"> </span><br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate"><b><span style="color: blue;">jangan lupa untuk berkunjung ke kota Semarang, kota kelahiran kereta api di Indonesia</span></b> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang_21.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang_21.html</a> </span><br />
<br />
<span class="notranslate"><span style="background-color: purple;"><span style="color: white;">dan kunjungi juga kota imajiner KIRANGAN di</span></span> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/enjoy-living-in-kirangan-place.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/enjoy-living-in-kirangan-place.html</a> </span><br />
<span class="notranslate">Untuk beberapa pemodel, tujuan membangun sebuah layout
adalah untuk menjalankan rangkaian koleksinya, sehingga seolah-olah itu adalah
kereta api yang nyata (jika tata letak didasarkan pada pembangunan yang menarik)
atau sebagai kereta api sebenarnya (jika tata letak didasarkan pada prototipe
).</span> <span class="notranslate">Jika pemodel memilih model prototipe, mereka
dapat mereproduksi track-by-track reproduksi dari kereta api nyata dalam
miniatur, yang sering menggunakan prototipe track diagram dan peta bersejarah.</span>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhXp8Y2Ve2GbcSKSIKJj0RC1Adq59m4HAuGuZz8AFhP5plf4d7PkbhERzSX7UBSyh9LWa1yG_lFakYVpSVGzBo4q4vYaDo766ODNgyFTE8rSnltPevWxPk9tlK2u69Om25b62m0sfKHjE/s1600/2012-05-01+07.58.45.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhXp8Y2Ve2GbcSKSIKJj0RC1Adq59m4HAuGuZz8AFhP5plf4d7PkbhERzSX7UBSyh9LWa1yG_lFakYVpSVGzBo4q4vYaDo766ODNgyFTE8rSnltPevWxPk9tlK2u69Om25b62m0sfKHjE/s1600/2012-05-01+07.58.45.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">perhatikan bahwa harus ada jarak bebas di sisi kiri-kanan yang cukup untuk kereta berbelok</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwdpH7Y0IL6W5tY5V9NdPx-i-Myk0yylcOz0MwAAO7ks_eav7p5FTOFBELGBC6Oka_Jc8nbcF3FiUFVznUp0pI9NyiKPX4dNKYRh68wkRyeQ80FEdUcqNzr7y7r0LGgSvc3gnOUCkKOhQ/s1600/2012-05-01+08.40.40.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwdpH7Y0IL6W5tY5V9NdPx-i-Myk0yylcOz0MwAAO7ks_eav7p5FTOFBELGBC6Oka_Jc8nbcF3FiUFVznUp0pI9NyiKPX4dNKYRh68wkRyeQ80FEdUcqNzr7y7r0LGgSvc3gnOUCkKOhQ/s1600/2012-05-01+08.40.40.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">penempatan belok kereta yang serampangan dapat mengakibatkan rolling stock decoupler atau tergelincir</td></tr>
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pengembangan koupler KNUCKLE adalah <span style="color: #990000;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">koupler SERGENT</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">secara fisik dan visual, Koupler SERGENT </span>mirip sekali dengan koupler jenis Knuckle,.....koupler Sergent merupakan pengembangan dari koupler Knuckle yang dibuat lebih menyerupai sistem koupler knuckle di skala sesungguhnya </div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8oFvLltGLp9-yIBNULojpFVb8geIOTwU3-W2IA5x8nYa4rasErE5BR6cQM90Hw5a-_yKI9oLE_rZHgGkdxFUyyLC8_54yR3muzN7-uMxF98HPHE6Du-qFY7LMipdXajzuh8TZe7epoCo/s1600/sergent_kopler.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8oFvLltGLp9-yIBNULojpFVb8geIOTwU3-W2IA5x8nYa4rasErE5BR6cQM90Hw5a-_yKI9oLE_rZHgGkdxFUyyLC8_54yR3muzN7-uMxF98HPHE6Du-qFY7LMipdXajzuh8TZe7epoCo/s1600/sergent_kopler.jpg" height="283" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">fisik koupler SERGENT mirip KNUCKLE Kadee</td></tr>
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karena dikembangkan dari koupler Knuckle yang lama, koupler Sergent ini masih cukup langka di pasar aksesoris hobby miniatur kereta api di tanah air, dan yang pasti, harganya lebih mahal. Anda dapat melihat performa koupler SERGENT di sini <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CH2ncSzfGxw" target="_blank">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CH2ncSzfGxw</a></div>
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sayang sekali harga koupler jenis SERGENT ini masih belum sebanding dengan kelebihannya, selain lebih mirip dengan koupler Knuckle (kopler genggam) di skala sesungguhnya, koupler Sergent tidak compatible dengan koupler Knuckle konvensional yang banyak dipakai oleh pelaku hobby di tanah air, dan performa-nya tidak seheboh yang diiklankan</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNb4GNWiuR_YpcF3vpfayHJvTRfg1tsUQIcVIY_sS_a36BVnaBtYiFOjKoXiadtltMzsgeZ7j7wcrGScwI16wwZQQ3KOvsKa5LVeR9I228DYqHm_VYA9Y8Xm8XHuzkPurmpaklm9CVbCw/s1600/sergent_kopler(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNb4GNWiuR_YpcF3vpfayHJvTRfg1tsUQIcVIY_sS_a36BVnaBtYiFOjKoXiadtltMzsgeZ7j7wcrGScwI16wwZQQ3KOvsKa5LVeR9I228DYqHm_VYA9Y8Xm8XHuzkPurmpaklm9CVbCw/s1600/sergent_kopler(2).jpg" height="214" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sergent coupler (yang kanan dipegang ibujari) tidak kompatibel dengan knuckle konvensional</td></tr>
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- terimakasih atas kunjungannya ke halaman kami -</div>
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<br />Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-77877366119412261052014-01-22T07:32:00.000-08:002014-01-22T07:39:36.195-08:00ENJOY LIVING IN 'KIRANGAN' PLACE<h2>
<b>MENGANGKAT SOSIALITA melalui 'KIRANGAN'</b> </h2>
kalau untuk visual, menurut saya Indonesia itu, negri kaki lima (rombong, warung tenda dan kios),<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzDOSG0b6HfBrZMC0IrPd8sozxMTXaLxsMhkr7RYyIfrnk29yxDUmP6a3zCMdTr3ZWdBqSIVldYohdt7LT9e1wWk9snA-K0gEqUCy1z4znCcK5xl6HLSTH7UnLEb9ZkFwDR9ljfuP9IOw/s1600/2013-10-24+11.13.24.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzDOSG0b6HfBrZMC0IrPd8sozxMTXaLxsMhkr7RYyIfrnk29yxDUmP6a3zCMdTr3ZWdBqSIVldYohdt7LT9e1wWk9snA-K0gEqUCy1z4znCcK5xl6HLSTH7UnLEb9ZkFwDR9ljfuP9IOw/s1600/2013-10-24+11.13.24.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">kios dan warung tenda, lokasi : Legok - Jatiasih Bekasi - dokumen pribadi</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwK17b07U5SGlC2QWYpxLajqfXxD7QN_AIKPCWNYmpMbB-mVi0ECZ8DVmXNnStoBRqZ0W9s9TgtLNA2QRLq7PAO70FdsAGAVvVw0kV1wlMWLqSHEn5KJJRXYC-iJFkBNtffRQ_Z2J1USI/s1600/2014-01-02+10.45.36.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwK17b07U5SGlC2QWYpxLajqfXxD7QN_AIKPCWNYmpMbB-mVi0ECZ8DVmXNnStoBRqZ0W9s9TgtLNA2QRLq7PAO70FdsAGAVvVw0kV1wlMWLqSHEn5KJJRXYC-iJFkBNtffRQ_Z2J1USI/s1600/2014-01-02+10.45.36.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">baliho iklan menutupi viaduct heritage di Matraman - Jakarta_ dokumen pribadi</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
, negri spanduk dan iklan...meskipun tidak menyenangkan, namun begitulah faktanya (**mungkin sekarang juga negri bencana)<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRfSpDhK_7YeCIYpNL3iaCCA6UkRfUS00njT-1WCPb7nLKyVezfaK4icNm0bsD3NcXmKvoVYGlxp0lA_xSNe45VUh7zyfsVu4RWP8ws7_hqmupEdgxCgkSflrzrPrQQ_Na_MydnFrH6tc/s1600/2014-01-13+06.46.49.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRfSpDhK_7YeCIYpNL3iaCCA6UkRfUS00njT-1WCPb7nLKyVezfaK4icNm0bsD3NcXmKvoVYGlxp0lA_xSNe45VUh7zyfsVu4RWP8ws7_hqmupEdgxCgkSflrzrPrQQ_Na_MydnFrH6tc/s1600/2014-01-13+06.46.49.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">baliho iklan menutupi rumah lama di Magetan - dokumen pribadi</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsGfZQp0-qV4KEOSozOM0xE8kG-2ZoIEd71jDcPGYmMIGtaP4FkMd-FAR4vWrj4AfVMa4nxnB5oulYT4N4CziBAJT9kl6nUuBv58pQLM7C7HeoRh2uoomdkAbKXLr9soiGqLGoQN1BoIY/s1600/2013-10-12+10.21.35.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsGfZQp0-qV4KEOSozOM0xE8kG-2ZoIEd71jDcPGYmMIGtaP4FkMd-FAR4vWrj4AfVMa4nxnB5oulYT4N4CziBAJT9kl6nUuBv58pQLM7C7HeoRh2uoomdkAbKXLr9soiGqLGoQN1BoIY/s1600/2013-10-12+10.21.35.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">deretan rombong, kereta api melintas di atas - Bukit Duri - Jakarta_dokumen pribadi</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDyck1QRF_c-VBGGmkegZiUSLoEJImFA8hOQSqsyvPGY4ySWjMfbFM5xbA0y0i8lxYoUbNytNOJ9KSecM6tmo7-no6VnoFuVckjzKuZXlZBnZlSlUutOMq6HxukmslBdQC8_0ofjPMOPk/s1600/2013-12-05+14.59.35.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDyck1QRF_c-VBGGmkegZiUSLoEJImFA8hOQSqsyvPGY4ySWjMfbFM5xbA0y0i8lxYoUbNytNOJ9KSecM6tmo7-no6VnoFuVckjzKuZXlZBnZlSlUutOMq6HxukmslBdQC8_0ofjPMOPk/s1600/2013-12-05+14.59.35.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">kaki lima berjualan jas hujan- viaduct Matraman - dokumen pribadi</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7KiuOZGFLCVzqCGllerDcusQCw7ZeLFbrEPc9BZixsNf5Ead4yAg41i60MLcUBgWUuaBFpHf8g-hErKCs1zJ4K9dv6eIly8YGsdC2e8k0grdpcvWNA378UKfJdxeoWtVsuW2L3vawhxA/s1600/2013-10-24+11.11.03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7KiuOZGFLCVzqCGllerDcusQCw7ZeLFbrEPc9BZixsNf5Ead4yAg41i60MLcUBgWUuaBFpHf8g-hErKCs1zJ4K9dv6eIly8YGsdC2e8k0grdpcvWNA378UKfJdxeoWtVsuW2L3vawhxA/s1600/2013-10-24+11.11.03.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">warung tenda di Legok - Jatiasih Bekasi - dokumen pribadi</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir39EzVHe4EXYDGXO9-gr5joPG3CSgBD3h5ntoZefy5i6l75kPAQaU8KBFjn903C5CsEbnGRJGhk39ExxVj1f1SeJjVQLkRVcKxFfVtmBiV4Ek-9EAo61LRQg5tOL8A7v4Vg4noupSWeY/s1600/2013-11-05+13.11.42.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir39EzVHe4EXYDGXO9-gr5joPG3CSgBD3h5ntoZefy5i6l75kPAQaU8KBFjn903C5CsEbnGRJGhk39ExxVj1f1SeJjVQLkRVcKxFfVtmBiV4Ek-9EAo61LRQg5tOL8A7v4Vg4noupSWeY/s1600/2013-11-05+13.11.42.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">tenda-tenda kaki lima di depan bangunan heritage - kota lama Semarang (dokumen pribadi)</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihgopD_DBzP9JdMUBK8E5iAqrTqaNs-bo_lktWfxEm2L1zmz3f3PVrhqLcaQJBvHuQ4D00-7-xyCDGN8VlLiSaTiDQ3bNwuYL1ixUYuojfjSKkknH66mDEtMoehNoM08KceJFbDsMnm-c/s1600/2014-01-02+10.44.40.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihgopD_DBzP9JdMUBK8E5iAqrTqaNs-bo_lktWfxEm2L1zmz3f3PVrhqLcaQJBvHuQ4D00-7-xyCDGN8VlLiSaTiDQ3bNwuYL1ixUYuojfjSKkknH66mDEtMoehNoM08KceJFbDsMnm-c/s1600/2014-01-02+10.44.40.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">rombong di depan rumah kuno di Jl Matraman - Jakarta - dokumen pribadi</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
setidaknya itu tangkapan visual yang menjadi 'bayangan' untuk membangun imaji pada dunia miniatur di kota KIRANGAN<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivA7iQJdIb9uYEA1H5344zV8P-W7egUCoM-zJ1K6L5TUH7Bou34qV2m9OeWeH8HHWVxSNObiCznW8jkLORmXM4yFRvEhMQN-NmmhIGwp9km5bQ_FkOBBjtQUvdiZjemf16pSN0xihfEoM/s1600/2012-12-09+23.20.08c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivA7iQJdIb9uYEA1H5344zV8P-W7egUCoM-zJ1K6L5TUH7Bou34qV2m9OeWeH8HHWVxSNObiCznW8jkLORmXM4yFRvEhMQN-NmmhIGwp9km5bQ_FkOBBjtQUvdiZjemf16pSN0xihfEoM/s1600/2012-12-09+23.20.08c.jpg" height="167" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">suasana kaki lima, sepeda motor, warung tenda, spanduk kota KIRANGAN</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtXytLbxuWNE2pe03UIezLHoIeTXqDW2-EJzPFegyn2ZSnYCKLwM9Dg1GmK4L68S2tFwbXaYj3HzoppqgpXQHq1sxhbh2l3OxE70AY3G0-iLoL1v5M0zdqiVIuOVUgESkF4bkYBNrS-XQ/s1600/2012-09-30+23.33.01+(FKM)c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtXytLbxuWNE2pe03UIezLHoIeTXqDW2-EJzPFegyn2ZSnYCKLwM9Dg1GmK4L68S2tFwbXaYj3HzoppqgpXQHq1sxhbh2l3OxE70AY3G0-iLoL1v5M0zdqiVIuOVUgESkF4bkYBNrS-XQ/s1600/2012-09-30+23.33.01+(FKM)c.jpg" height="199" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">deretan rombong, sepeda motor parkir di trotoar</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtLq4qeXji8hwNXhEKrzlerCufXKQT9Vdi1tydC17N7g7XsOQMeAE2mmK3ihuTHYFDAtVRxE7g8iTkT0LhJIWL8NEvWG4gVeR_IIXs9jlCizz_0k_asLh1n5lQbeoG3LFte5cgVFTVLHw/s1600/2012-11-29+23.43.58c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtLq4qeXji8hwNXhEKrzlerCufXKQT9Vdi1tydC17N7g7XsOQMeAE2mmK3ihuTHYFDAtVRxE7g8iTkT0LhJIWL8NEvWG4gVeR_IIXs9jlCizz_0k_asLh1n5lQbeoG3LFte5cgVFTVLHw/s1600/2012-11-29+23.43.58c.jpg" height="185" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">warung Padang dan warung elpiji</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXIi-jCLUqOkrW04tmDIFVIjwccFaSi6Dz9eB_dU8fmLy8hiOeHhVapY1UaMPl6IlRzGjXLtFsDfSoxjPIpS9YtpTYYoJYEdm3cgmeVo-c_6TDB7u6jkjL4VuRB7Yl8pD-VLtfNy1Cq-4/s1600/2012-07-14+00.09.45crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXIi-jCLUqOkrW04tmDIFVIjwccFaSi6Dz9eB_dU8fmLy8hiOeHhVapY1UaMPl6IlRzGjXLtFsDfSoxjPIpS9YtpTYYoJYEdm3cgmeVo-c_6TDB7u6jkjL4VuRB7Yl8pD-VLtfNy1Cq-4/s1600/2012-07-14+00.09.45crop.jpg" height="136" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">warung tenda di KIRANGAN pada suasana yang lain</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3u_I3Vm5IXNRUwn2FiHMEVcVQrc-Qn6Fe4qvbhvIwVKYvQw5qowKyY-yYOnOlt4rfw2gUaD61iN_zSMrE5iPXzzvk8R3Gj6GRgp7mmgOnxYfrRZL_owWJ77D_RRDDqbn0c0L2pJuLcdA/s1600/2014-01-04+09.10.54c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3u_I3Vm5IXNRUwn2FiHMEVcVQrc-Qn6Fe4qvbhvIwVKYvQw5qowKyY-yYOnOlt4rfw2gUaD61iN_zSMrE5iPXzzvk8R3Gj6GRgp7mmgOnxYfrRZL_owWJ77D_RRDDqbn0c0L2pJuLcdA/s1600/2014-01-04+09.10.54c.jpg" height="180" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">kereta api melintas di depan pasar pakaian bekas</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi_k_CnXv8e4RlJ2nVURzMtfY18Jabv3bBddfT7VZjM18ibLNGFIrUud4d9yXo_ZcMx_PnNJdrn1S896eUsyM9uctoXmtOmhOSZ7ZE-92vghXSQ-zuHG2zBDN-4CDo4l5UgEwbcta_Yg8/s1600/2014-01-04+09.35.17c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi_k_CnXv8e4RlJ2nVURzMtfY18Jabv3bBddfT7VZjM18ibLNGFIrUud4d9yXo_ZcMx_PnNJdrn1S896eUsyM9uctoXmtOmhOSZ7ZE-92vghXSQ-zuHG2zBDN-4CDo4l5UgEwbcta_Yg8/s1600/2014-01-04+09.35.17c.jpg" height="198" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">kaki lima pakaian bekas, konter pulsa, spanduk, delman di kota KIRANGAN</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="background-color: #cc0000;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: #cc0000;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="color: white;">untuk spot-spot lain kota Kirangan, anda dapat berkunjung ke <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/tentang-diorama.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/tentang-diorama.html</a></span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #cc0000;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"></span></span><span style="background-color: #990000;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: #990000;"><span style="color: white;">dan untuk mengetahui lebih jauh mengenai skala dan gauge, anda kami persilahkan berkunjung ke</span> </span><a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/skala-gauge.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/skala-gauge.html</a><br />
<br />
untuk melihat bagaimana arsitektur berpartisipasi dalam menghadirkan atmosfir lokal pada miniatur kereta api, kami persilahkan anda klik <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang.html</a><br />
<br />
atau anda ingin melihat-lihat bangunan tua di kota Semarang ? <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014_01_19_archive.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014_01_19_archive.html</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig80opkPU0WV5lkQ0TVJPz5RaKEimd3FUtO8JX8cmUjcycvGfWH1DLYlPNtEf64TEMvWUC6Cf5MfUmqvRblehLlrlxqUvzrripTDhaBYdBHkJzf-rDN3PI85N0cyhihcTiVrnuFYFV06Y/s1600/2013-11-21+20.36.19b_bisaFKM.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig80opkPU0WV5lkQ0TVJPz5RaKEimd3FUtO8JX8cmUjcycvGfWH1DLYlPNtEf64TEMvWUC6Cf5MfUmqvRblehLlrlxqUvzrripTDhaBYdBHkJzf-rDN3PI85N0cyhihcTiVrnuFYFV06Y/s1600/2013-11-21+20.36.19b_bisaFKM.jpg" height="197" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">kampung KIRANGAN dengan rumah vernakular</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr3oL31Ot-gIIJ7guVZsbVm6MJYIK0rk5p88VoUv__tYbDurbpoztKEcRO3J_k4CAjWH-ktpKBREbVgI8R5km-wULgiEKawzQ_a9O_4-QnTpfE9Lwj9uNAN9MRIS_ZjGvzbGbxnHVegw8/s1600/2013-11-20+11.18.55C.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr3oL31Ot-gIIJ7guVZsbVm6MJYIK0rk5p88VoUv__tYbDurbpoztKEcRO3J_k4CAjWH-ktpKBREbVgI8R5km-wULgiEKawzQ_a9O_4-QnTpfE9Lwj9uNAN9MRIS_ZjGvzbGbxnHVegw8/s1600/2013-11-20+11.18.55C.jpg" height="154" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">menunggu layanan sarapan bubur di KIRANGAN</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1mnfbwGFGPhkkeC5QudnZjAfhM4f1Hhbu6X_yaUJWHkJzEFkZVYXpYkljmTDSOKnVfbnn1CKW4j15EKwCWyNbFC__nThFZsPjawgbMvbRc1eQcfRVzXPVdX0f_F5J6wtMqodnr6TrA54/s1600/2013-11-21+19.40.46D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1mnfbwGFGPhkkeC5QudnZjAfhM4f1Hhbu6X_yaUJWHkJzEFkZVYXpYkljmTDSOKnVfbnn1CKW4j15EKwCWyNbFC__nThFZsPjawgbMvbRc1eQcfRVzXPVdX0f_F5J6wtMqodnr6TrA54/s1600/2013-11-21+19.40.46D.jpg" height="170" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">suasana kampung KIRANGAN</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
- <i><b><span style="font-weight: normal;">Terimakasih telah berkunjung ke halaman blog ini, dan nantikan postingan saya setelah ini</span></b></i> -</h3>
Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-67862224650200335762014-01-21T08:20:00.001-08:002014-01-21T08:20:52.192-08:00KOTA KIRANGAN dan KOTA SEMARANG<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;">ANTARA ADA dan TIADA <i>(between absence and presence) ------------3</i></span></span></span></span></h2>
<span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><i><span style="font-size: small;">ini merupakan tulisan yang ketiga</span></i></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><span style="font-size: small;">tulisan berjudul </span>ANTARA ADA dan TIADA <i>(between absence and presence) </i>yang pertama dapat anda baca di</span> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang.html</a><i> </i></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;">dan<i> </i></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;">ANTARA ADA dan TIADA <i>(between absence and presence) </i><span style="color: #b45f06;">tulisan yang kedua dapat anda ikuti di</span><i> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang_20.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang_20.html</a></i></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;">Seperti yang anda baca pada tulisan saya yang kedua </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #b45f06;">ANTARA ADA dan TIADA <i>(between absence and presence) </i><span style="color: black;">pada tanggal 5 bulan November tahun 2013 saya kembali lagi ke kota Semarang, setelah sebelumnya tanggal 2 bulan dan tahun yang sama saya ke Semarang <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang.html </a>dan tanggal 3 masih pada bulan tahun yang sama, saya pulang ke Magetan (Jawa Timur). Di Magetan, data foto-foto yang telah saya dapatkan di kawasan Oudstadt Samarang - setelah bertemu dengan opah - saya pindahkan ke memory lain. Ini perlu saya kisahkan di sini, karena ada hubungannya dengan 'musibah' yang saya alami kemudian.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><span style="color: black;">Tanggal 5 November, dari Magetan saya ke Semarang, untuk sesuatu pekerjaan, dan saya sempatkan untuk hunting lagi melengkapi foto-foto yang telah saya dapatkan pada tanggal 2 Nopember, untuk saya bagikan ke sosmed saya di FB. Tidak banyak foto yang saya ambil pada kesempatan tanggal 5 tersebut, dan telah ada di sini <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang_20.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang_20.html</a></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><span style="color: black;">Tanggal 5 sore, saya kembali ke Jakarta melalui perjalanan udara, dan di sinilah 'musibah' itu terjadi.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><span style="color: black;">Karena alasan keselamatan penerbangan, jenis salah satu bawaan saya dari Magetan membawa saya harus berurusan dengan petugas bandara. Singkat cerita, saya dipaksa untuk membagasikan bawaan saya yang hanya berupa backpack kecil, dipaksa karena saya tidak punya pilihan. Sesampai di Soetta bandara Int'l Jakarta, saya tunggu di conveyor, dan pada gilirannya saya mendapatkan backpack saya dalam keadaan retsleting membuka. Pada saat di bandara Ahmad Yani Semarang, memang ada yang terlupa tidak saya amankan masuk boarding : sebuah dompet kecil berisi khusus memory saya dalam media flashdisk dan sebuah modem 'telkomselflash' lupa saya amankan, dan inilah yang kemudian raib dari backpack saya. Celakanya, data-data hasil pemotretan saya pada saat bertemu 'opah' tanggal 2 bulan November 2013 ada di salah satu flashdisk yang menguap tersebut, dan yang masih ada di memory internal ponsel saya, tinggal hasil foto-foto tanggal 5 November yang tak seberapa banyak. Kecewa sudah pasti, beruntung pada saat di Magetan, saya sempat salin (copy) data foto-foto tanggal 2 November ke media penyimpan yang lainnya, namun toh tetap tidak dapat saya akses dalam tempo singkat.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><span style="color: black;">'Musibah' ini yang mendorong emosi saya untuk melakukan perburuan dendam di Semarang, ketika kebetulan saya mendapatkan kesempatan ke sana pada tanggal 24 November 2013.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><span style="color: black;">Akhirnya, kata-kata sang 'opah' yang masih terngiang : </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><span style="color: black;"><span data-measureme="1"><span class="null">"KAMU HARUS FOTO ITU
SEMUA".......(yang waktu itu) dalam hati kecil saya geli :..."lha gila
apa...?!?!......gak sudi banget"......apalagi saya melihat suasananya
yang kumuh. <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang.html</a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><span style="color: black;"><span data-measureme="1"><span class="null">benar-benar SAYA LAKSANAKAN ! (ini keanehan yang ke-2)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><span style="color: black;"><span data-measureme="1"><span class="null">Saya benar-benar kembali menelusuri 'jalur sutera' dan mengambil semua yang saya pandang indah di kawasan Oudstadt Samarang</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><span style="color: black;"><span data-measureme="1"><span class="null">Tanggal 24 November adalah hari Minggu, dan oleh karenanya, foto yang pertamax saya dapat adalah :</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij2COu_Pq9MkzR_dQU7JdDQgeeeuY_JneaHE0pfsIAy64IgLZFy_9jbqjokwAHcaNpQeW5Fo3-pAUV-qhp0aO35HK8zmiJSUo9kUUcZykX8UZb7C4LrmB38ufMeCdMDwhIF7iDVPz6iBk/s1600/2013-11-24+07.14.31.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij2COu_Pq9MkzR_dQU7JdDQgeeeuY_JneaHE0pfsIAy64IgLZFy_9jbqjokwAHcaNpQeW5Fo3-pAUV-qhp0aO35HK8zmiJSUo9kUUcZykX8UZb7C4LrmB38ufMeCdMDwhIF7iDVPz6iBk/s1600/2013-11-24+07.14.31.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Katedral Semarang</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><span style="color: black;"><span data-measureme="1"><span class="null"> tepat di depan katedral ada 'LAWANG SEWU'</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6S8pjp0XzCNi7J91FRGjrWPzJut-JlcNttf14O2f8gXQxj6Udh_XAfMkx0O9TFvTT3649U1t18KmXjW9STswAbmBpXKe4WtxatVOd4zZ6__lg6zwpjYxv-gUsXM4Q_Nlu4UPN7cKNF9M/s1600/2013-11-24+08.26.58text.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6S8pjp0XzCNi7J91FRGjrWPzJut-JlcNttf14O2f8gXQxj6Udh_XAfMkx0O9TFvTT3649U1t18KmXjW9STswAbmBpXKe4WtxatVOd4zZ6__lg6zwpjYxv-gUsXM4Q_Nlu4UPN7cKNF9M/s1600/2013-11-24+08.26.58text.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">tentang gedung ini dan arsitektur beberapa bangunan stasiun di mancanegara (Perantjis) dapat anda baca di <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang_18.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang_18.html</a></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><span style="color: black;"><span data-measureme="1"><span class="null">pandangan Lawang Sewu dari sisi lain </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNPK549c2iYF2NNhinQRbN9MIb0y-FP3aDlxS8J4lYb42TQTmupaoBTJa0zkYnjw42fe-xsLbZfLNi1-2mAdm00ZM8AZY5XcQ_TZ4FwL-iN58c3gtCD9_7Puye_1ygZaHul4ObvMp1m14/s1600/2013-11-24+08.26.27.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNPK549c2iYF2NNhinQRbN9MIb0y-FP3aDlxS8J4lYb42TQTmupaoBTJa0zkYnjw42fe-xsLbZfLNi1-2mAdm00ZM8AZY5XcQ_TZ4FwL-iN58c3gtCD9_7Puye_1ygZaHul4ObvMp1m14/s1600/2013-11-24+08.26.27.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">dari Lawang Sewu saya kembali menelusuri Hoogendoorpstraat, mengambil foto bekas 'Handels Bank Indischë' yang pada saat ini menjadi asset bank Mandiri (ada plank bank Mandiri), dan sebuah bangunan di sudut berseberangan dengan <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><span style="color: black;"><span data-measureme="1"><span class="null">gedung 'Handels Bank Indischë' yang baru terbakar. Pada saat pengambilan foto, saya tidak mengetahui jika bangunan tersebut baru terbakar, saya baru tahu beberapa minggu kemudian dari sebuah komunitas, tentang informasi kebakaran yang menimpa gedung tersebut</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR3qSozZKSTMV_6cqL9lvw7AtbzQxU7d0KyF9s_80ennvHCOxR-2AuXuhI8pA543FwrQ-PkBDAo5LE3HIiTBMWp4VtD3Iq3A4G2D9rwl5e22g52iATiL-GlUeAa8ytP6V54PaJSikHqHo/s1600/2013-11-24+12.45.19.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR3qSozZKSTMV_6cqL9lvw7AtbzQxU7d0KyF9s_80ennvHCOxR-2AuXuhI8pA543FwrQ-PkBDAo5LE3HIiTBMWp4VtD3Iq3A4G2D9rwl5e22g52iATiL-GlUeAa8ytP6V54PaJSikHqHo/s1600/2013-11-24+12.45.19.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">bekas 'Handels Bank Indischë'<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><span style="color: black;"><span data-measureme="1"><span class="null"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT8lWv_fl0W1EK2iLNerbucJu3u6_SKbi6MbzaAgVwP5PTJ3cCB36pMmbFN8TgSpEAWbKdjnOKJ1UYo-rqYtxbl7_cB0WwDHiuaxEH6Jje79pMm7lYIWkfWx4tVATDJl6JQqF5C4vSHJE/s1600/2013-11-24+12.46.08.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT8lWv_fl0W1EK2iLNerbucJu3u6_SKbi6MbzaAgVwP5PTJ3cCB36pMmbFN8TgSpEAWbKdjnOKJ1UYo-rqYtxbl7_cB0WwDHiuaxEH6Jje79pMm7lYIWkfWx4tVATDJl6JQqF5C4vSHJE/s1600/2013-11-24+12.46.08.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">gedung yang baru terbakar</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><span style="color: black;"><span data-measureme="1"><span class="null"> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </div>
</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #741b47;">bagi anda penggemar miniatur kereta api Indonesia</span>, <span style="color: #660000;">anda dapat mengunjungi halaman</span> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-indonesia-2.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-indonesia-2.html</a><br />
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dan mengenai <span style="color: #7f6000;">diorama sebagai lingkungan/ wahana bagi miniatur kereta api Indonesia</span>, dapat pula anda baca di <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/tentang-diorama.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/tentang-diorama.html</a><br />
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tentang <span style="color: #cc0000;">model ataupun lokomotif-lokomotif negara Jerman (Eropa)</span> dapat anda baca di sini <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yurop.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yurop.html</a><br />
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banyak orang yang 'memisahkan' hobby miniatur kereta api dari habitat-nya, dan sesungguhnya apa saja yang menjadi habitat miniatur kereta api, dapat anda temukan wawasannya di sini <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/ruang-lingkup-hobby-miniatur-kereta-api.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/ruang-lingkup-hobby-miniatur-kereta-api.html</a> <br />
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Sekarang kita masuk kembali ke 'enclosure' Oudstadt Samarang <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><span style="color: black;"><span data-measureme="1"><span class="null"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #b45f06;"><span style="color: black;"><span data-measureme="1"><span class="null"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt1oLFg0R0paDiv0Ie2DLcsH0uYHUFTVBRUmQ0NtPmp0tJHj7y3FwOVAPX7H6UrcCtKHSEjdfp_fCcyaD5JibtwEPVqXqtBlifbJL3-U23ZCnsRYHj5j73hl8gvU9Qyds0mkdZsLfvVck/s1600/2013-11-24+12.47.04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt1oLFg0R0paDiv0Ie2DLcsH0uYHUFTVBRUmQ0NtPmp0tJHj7y3FwOVAPX7H6UrcCtKHSEjdfp_fCcyaD5JibtwEPVqXqtBlifbJL3-U23ZCnsRYHj5j73hl8gvU9Qyds0mkdZsLfvVck/s1600/2013-11-24+12.47.04.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">masuk ke Jl. Suari akarnya exciting (sebelah lokasi kebakaran)</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Brf-5MfmRA5xb6LDanEjMqcN21jZzRv80bJEoRuHfuL5saLRPMGGo_Di2qH7FywNoAbPGPx6UBd08w3PGvNDfcyajgETYQSEYEtM2GNMItn5_DptYpIAiO5oO2JrIzQUhJOAhDClwBA/s1600/2013-11-24+12.48.01(Jl+Suari).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Brf-5MfmRA5xb6LDanEjMqcN21jZzRv80bJEoRuHfuL5saLRPMGGo_Di2qH7FywNoAbPGPx6UBd08w3PGvNDfcyajgETYQSEYEtM2GNMItn5_DptYpIAiO5oO2JrIzQUhJOAhDClwBA/s1600/2013-11-24+12.48.01(Jl+Suari).jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">sequence menuju Protestansche-Blendhuk-Kerk</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRUnrPnP38d9VE24e2XKuLDTmOVbCtqYfrUmHyDR_tPZ8deFy02hx8D3SVw77HtevB-IrSsZ4ub_aRqVcvMYMq5ZOhJlcinKb32CTCdGctKX8EU8zanilKvmF-lYKG8bo8zaBTxX4vNT4/s1600/2013-11-24+12.50.34.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRUnrPnP38d9VE24e2XKuLDTmOVbCtqYfrUmHyDR_tPZ8deFy02hx8D3SVw77HtevB-IrSsZ4ub_aRqVcvMYMq5ZOhJlcinKb32CTCdGctKX8EU8zanilKvmF-lYKG8bo8zaBTxX4vNT4/s1600/2013-11-24+12.50.34.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">muara sequence, klimaks di depan Protestansche Kerk, Parade plein, di depan N.I.L.L Mij (Bumiputera)</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrTat2yhC__y2XV5QvnPsAQIPSW2PSzY5-t7czXd05b7lqFnjl1_QEM8SDQaNnCisJIGbXWPq74mgFp6IrpMb3-Ef_-h1nzKSm2IrVUbpNtNgT-NESejlR7j8ld3694UfYqy7StuGtdeY/s1600/2013-11-24+12.42.18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrTat2yhC__y2XV5QvnPsAQIPSW2PSzY5-t7czXd05b7lqFnjl1_QEM8SDQaNnCisJIGbXWPq74mgFp6IrpMb3-Ef_-h1nzKSm2IrVUbpNtNgT-NESejlR7j8ld3694UfYqy7StuGtdeY/s1600/2013-11-24+12.42.18.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">mundur kembali ke Hoogendoorpstraat - Soesmann Kantoor</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPT9MUUG_UOf15iRwPDfSwIhq1aURrvvUnBQ2-3vOn5pEaTUtxaOYH4kHNmN3hDZoS_gtXs6Q1e4s-42YN29fjdWevIq2n4usCnx3Km-cXm-o-Nv7lQpS6-rV6legAxdL4uygj1xWmxVU/s1600/Soesmans+Kantoor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPT9MUUG_UOf15iRwPDfSwIhq1aURrvvUnBQ2-3vOn5pEaTUtxaOYH4kHNmN3hDZoS_gtXs6Q1e4s-42YN29fjdWevIq2n4usCnx3Km-cXm-o-Nv7lQpS6-rV6legAxdL4uygj1xWmxVU/s1600/Soesmans+Kantoor.jpg" height="235" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Soesmann Kantoor tahun 1930-an</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZuSO-JzmbrnWhs9PYWB4blb_DjCZ6x7WZF7zPJEYDnKeSZO0z9taHz-AnVi0ohqq0MC-dM24vXwS0EOIEwNoM1i_IdWggmj8BIip3PkrDOSKdaxbIn24B0XzyHCg0wOVAcH5l5KJELpc/s1600/2013-11-24+12.44.22.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZuSO-JzmbrnWhs9PYWB4blb_DjCZ6x7WZF7zPJEYDnKeSZO0z9taHz-AnVi0ohqq0MC-dM24vXwS0EOIEwNoM1i_IdWggmj8BIip3PkrDOSKdaxbIn24B0XzyHCg0wOVAcH5l5KJELpc/s1600/2013-11-24+12.44.22.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">ada bacaannya 'SAMARANG 1886' di atas lengkung tengah yang ada tetumbuhan rambatnya</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-rBgdYI236u-SAhn9ug_3m_NNIyBz5QFaixlmiKI78mFEDZznx2gWkDjonyhuDypve79rtb7rFdQLjOKgyGEW-u1JnMSAEozwOgTTAn5RJVKcZTph-d4nRP6-ibp1oCkwzhDhWwmbJbU/s1600/2013-11-24+12.54.18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-rBgdYI236u-SAhn9ug_3m_NNIyBz5QFaixlmiKI78mFEDZznx2gWkDjonyhuDypve79rtb7rFdQLjOKgyGEW-u1JnMSAEozwOgTTAn5RJVKcZTph-d4nRP6-ibp1oCkwzhDhWwmbJbU/s1600/2013-11-24+12.54.18.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">sequence 'Segitiga Merah'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXpTDSIB8qFgDRc4Q0W2fYkrBaKJedsA83Cn16G26PHiPMw5ArJj_Dw3k8jE6-GycTWWrzT842Tt4ND1JR0oVQjDMWWwVa1lSHxWd5nc3LdQE2UdlQw3RluJ-M0RUb20AkWEC0WqjmsU4/s1600/2013-11-24+12.54.56.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXpTDSIB8qFgDRc4Q0W2fYkrBaKJedsA83Cn16G26PHiPMw5ArJj_Dw3k8jE6-GycTWWrzT842Tt4ND1JR0oVQjDMWWwVa1lSHxWd5nc3LdQE2UdlQw3RluJ-M0RUb20AkWEC0WqjmsU4/s1600/2013-11-24+12.54.56.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Roode Driehoek</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDpQmaPVCCd0vmmLTufeHaVA9ppT9ToNsR6lTFCifrcLsCxN8rd5cZwRUXuIq3CnQbT41esy4YSMFPfDHpDkCUMxru5pWicvbCSp3pJyxFm73p9MPdGloK3ZUL22LZctXytp81P83q9bU/s1600/2013-11-24+12.56.15.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDpQmaPVCCd0vmmLTufeHaVA9ppT9ToNsR6lTFCifrcLsCxN8rd5cZwRUXuIq3CnQbT41esy4YSMFPfDHpDkCUMxru5pWicvbCSp3pJyxFm73p9MPdGloK3ZUL22LZctXytp81P83q9bU/s1600/2013-11-24+12.56.15.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">sequence 'Kantoorgebouw van de Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij' - ada jejak tulisan "Departemen Kepolisian Negara"</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4EpRxHKLgifsa1rQR6jOW6CkekhMZmy-pCzEw75sIZ98MMk2kiX0750NMqRvQcSl4k3Rc8_mVRhshkhTc0ugHun8n8a71PlvL2KvLSHMF1umsvf3h6I5iqnbx6FcNL4OS0SkqgrvM-Wk/s1600/2013-11-24+12.56.24.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4EpRxHKLgifsa1rQR6jOW6CkekhMZmy-pCzEw75sIZ98MMk2kiX0750NMqRvQcSl4k3Rc8_mVRhshkhTc0ugHun8n8a71PlvL2KvLSHMF1umsvf3h6I5iqnbx6FcNL4OS0SkqgrvM-Wk/s1600/2013-11-24+12.56.24.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">dinding berjenggot, malah menjadi 'landmark' ini</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
kalau 'jenggot' dihilangkan, bisa bingung ini di mana<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2yd8v8o5mSjhxvHM9slzGfScU5EZOYm9p5OkJQK1HMVOd_bY0ee_G2ZEYF_spubVRWhW-8N6lcC9PRF5ch8JpaXGbKzPrp92C9EX9AyxOj8UVEAl04MohDy8xn_Zz_wK_PK7vHZ1slWw/s1600/2013-11-24+12.57.21.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2yd8v8o5mSjhxvHM9slzGfScU5EZOYm9p5OkJQK1HMVOd_bY0ee_G2ZEYF_spubVRWhW-8N6lcC9PRF5ch8JpaXGbKzPrp92C9EX9AyxOj8UVEAl04MohDy8xn_Zz_wK_PK7vHZ1slWw/s1600/2013-11-24+12.57.21.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">dinding samping eks Kantoorgebouw van de Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij (PELNI)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidKrJLfvMz6AkwwhMaL3LQx5dKLWrXmSj5DJ3rtcsUiLDm6QImnVDv3dImmLcPTBgHe5I1rJEJ06CLK_NGGKZVuyfOkB6Z8KaiEoIcw9UGMQepf3dkkJoeIDpIOFSVdx979-IZRRmzK1c/s1600/2013-11-24+12.57.36.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidKrJLfvMz6AkwwhMaL3LQx5dKLWrXmSj5DJ3rtcsUiLDm6QImnVDv3dImmLcPTBgHe5I1rJEJ06CLK_NGGKZVuyfOkB6Z8KaiEoIcw9UGMQepf3dkkJoeIDpIOFSVdx979-IZRRmzK1c/s1600/2013-11-24+12.57.36.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">eks Djakarta Lloyd</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgez1H1EdsDywKXEQ7p8_rVT-xDGaaNmFzLbd44z0wS5kZkvKzJPflL1KsOb5efxpdbcL9OS-KCcbdlPOmJZGahoklGVWhYlyunojgyWD7fhMi-H46wVy5kEEyv7YwPiFznYaVhQTZWJIk/s1600/2013-11-24+12.58.48.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgez1H1EdsDywKXEQ7p8_rVT-xDGaaNmFzLbd44z0wS5kZkvKzJPflL1KsOb5efxpdbcL9OS-KCcbdlPOmJZGahoklGVWhYlyunojgyWD7fhMi-H46wVy5kEEyv7YwPiFznYaVhQTZWJIk/s1600/2013-11-24+12.58.48.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">sudut cantik (eks) Kantoorgebouw van de Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2KDt8OZcgdnL3hU0fMY2It2GbRK6QXD8RF03V25ADZcZIZb4_2WMf2eMTaF0xtoKgAQmxiH9btF5VlJBKN4a4UgTuksSl_C40d3mQFl1sOBNLe4qDRvw7-cuGI0u-mRlffyA3p2It5_Y/s1600/Pelni_Kantoorgebouw_van_de_Koninklijke_Paketvaart_Maatschappij_te_Semarang_TMnr_60047997.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2KDt8OZcgdnL3hU0fMY2It2GbRK6QXD8RF03V25ADZcZIZb4_2WMf2eMTaF0xtoKgAQmxiH9btF5VlJBKN4a4UgTuksSl_C40d3mQFl1sOBNLe4qDRvw7-cuGI0u-mRlffyA3p2It5_Y/s1600/Pelni_Kantoorgebouw_van_de_Koninklijke_Paketvaart_Maatschappij_te_Semarang_TMnr_60047997.jpg" height="238" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Collectie Tropenmuseum</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6SvGJoNTZG_0wMXRLvru1iTl2kJ4B1SA0-SsMmeonC52tj5XqArZVpb6pAJedRnE1baS51n5cPOalhWqvL0TfiGhuLMExZpTeEfqZlpzn7ZscX1BFx3s-7fngohK5NOWUvycWBqHd1M8/s1600/2013-11-02+14.43.18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6SvGJoNTZG_0wMXRLvru1iTl2kJ4B1SA0-SsMmeonC52tj5XqArZVpb6pAJedRnE1baS51n5cPOalhWqvL0TfiGhuLMExZpTeEfqZlpzn7ZscX1BFx3s-7fngohK5NOWUvycWBqHd1M8/s1600/2013-11-02+14.43.18.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(eks) Handelskantoor - Nederlandsch Handels Maatschappij</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbXmynNjiXfM1L9eJu7xybI-7M4kUBOpCn1xo7PrCQDcnNTMQ6geDCy8QPy7b3nv5uMkxpCgpKxDzVV1FiKPD6rBQX3Dj1nH7eRCmTiaz-jtmhvnNABWHV2yqZ61tqT-SIsjUm_kvprM0/s1600/2013-11-24+12.37.38text.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbXmynNjiXfM1L9eJu7xybI-7M4kUBOpCn1xo7PrCQDcnNTMQ6geDCy8QPy7b3nv5uMkxpCgpKxDzVV1FiKPD6rBQX3Dj1nH7eRCmTiaz-jtmhvnNABWHV2yqZ61tqT-SIsjUm_kvprM0/s1600/2013-11-24+12.37.38text.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">sudut 'moderen' pertemuan Heerenstraat dengan Westerwalstraat</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvmVNlCPLLDxKqyOSo0dFwmeF7M3dw2MTiDGa8QzmTrR_7_VXWvoyJeSKo4fJ3ZDpnjAvb8cEdV5czM4j4HeO29EKB8_OB8YFofaqPSh_rR_S98czPVkfQslz9sio2Z1tinyJXbH88ZCI/s1600/1915_text.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvmVNlCPLLDxKqyOSo0dFwmeF7M3dw2MTiDGa8QzmTrR_7_VXWvoyJeSKo4fJ3ZDpnjAvb8cEdV5czM4j4HeO29EKB8_OB8YFofaqPSh_rR_S98czPVkfQslz9sio2Z1tinyJXbH88ZCI/s1600/1915_text.jpg" height="168" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">sudut sebelumnya, (circa 1915 versi KITLV.nl) bahkan gedung N.I.C der Vorstenlanden Mij baru mau berdiri</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI3dKYRhLTsSDhQ4L21uyvFm9mjuKfwzbrVLAOzY-RhPzFEghxO6vvpTSJbT0vflsRwAs7J1nqanpFHkuwK0dgLySP2LpiHK6X1FejBGeGiONLZcrkcfv04VJydTQV4yUeIHk8Bw1ZfjQ/s1600/2013-11-24+12.53.00.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI3dKYRhLTsSDhQ4L21uyvFm9mjuKfwzbrVLAOzY-RhPzFEghxO6vvpTSJbT0vflsRwAs7J1nqanpFHkuwK0dgLySP2LpiHK6X1FejBGeGiONLZcrkcfv04VJydTQV4yUeIHk8Bw1ZfjQ/s1600/2013-11-24+12.53.00.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">kantor Telegraph (?) Heerenstraat (di tepi jalan Daendels)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjhAauho2bFZogbG75CPIU8pxXcDlX-sEGql7b_fafTVpIu0YqQbp-HSelW0iEB8PjLYO3VsxXq-EqpzvPUK0YRJjzLhdXf84ve2tdav8Q4VOV0BrR5gu9rIW3nnPmFFopR7RyuS8RR0w/s1600/2013-11-24+12.53.04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjhAauho2bFZogbG75CPIU8pxXcDlX-sEGql7b_fafTVpIu0YqQbp-HSelW0iEB8PjLYO3VsxXq-EqpzvPUK0YRJjzLhdXf84ve2tdav8Q4VOV0BrR5gu9rIW3nnPmFFopR7RyuS8RR0w/s1600/2013-11-24+12.53.04.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">pada saat menjepret-nya, saya belum 'ngeh' kalau bekas toko 'Horlogien' ini berada di depan markas IAI Jawa Tengah</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ2ec9t4qMsPpisSctUP3p3xTBSoUDaguZDH7u2TX4it-IAmmJR9MT_3fsKTJdr_I89n8tmujWnw0g3IpV4IFq1kpkIZKS4VTO7Ifxwafm4q88ttR1Xdca0pju_PAtKCBGVgApaxgir84/s1600/2013-11-24+13.15.05.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ2ec9t4qMsPpisSctUP3p3xTBSoUDaguZDH7u2TX4it-IAmmJR9MT_3fsKTJdr_I89n8tmujWnw0g3IpV4IFq1kpkIZKS4VTO7Ifxwafm4q88ttR1Xdca0pju_PAtKCBGVgApaxgir84/s1600/2013-11-24+13.15.05.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">eks 'British American Tobbaco' - Pengapon</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9k5niGWXfEYS14UVSFdFiakQrqjGMqXiWX7uKjR_6cAenvEiHMgZkLSiRbw7w5OD8UrQ8LFtWlg4oZ0xZ3gXDAS4H_AKJm1R5TE6RiGknA9Xfg1LgvmZm9WC9c235NkVk1ww78u3udU8/s1600/2013-11-24+13.16.39.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9k5niGWXfEYS14UVSFdFiakQrqjGMqXiWX7uKjR_6cAenvEiHMgZkLSiRbw7w5OD8UrQ8LFtWlg4oZ0xZ3gXDAS4H_AKJm1R5TE6RiGknA9Xfg1LgvmZm9WC9c235NkVk1ww78u3udU8/s1600/2013-11-24+13.16.39.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">B.A.T Pengapon perspektif dekat</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
untuk gedung eks 'Hofdadministratie kantoor Semarang Joanna Stroomtram Maatschappij, dapat anda lihat lagi di <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang_18.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang_18.html</a><br />
<br />
<br />
-terimakasih atas kunjungannya, dan nantikan tulisan saya berikutnya-<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><i> </i></span></span></span></span>Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-79322497613704069662014-01-20T23:59:00.000-08:002014-01-24T22:21:13.404-08:00KOTA KIRANGAN dan KOTA SEMARANG<h2>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">ANTARA ADA dan TIADA <i>(between absence and presence)_lanjutan</i></span></span></span></h2>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Artikel ini merupakan <i><b><span style="color: red;">lanjutan</span></b></i> dari <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang.html</a></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Saya lanjutkan lagi cerita tentang Semarang, ada beberapa foto yang saya ambil lagi pada sesi pemotretan di hari saya bertemu 'opah', tanggal 2 bulan November tahun yang baru lewat (2013)</span></span></span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDoP8BMvzktM2bbs9yhkGC79wAfaj37koirwXidEQAZO8AvIwskKs_D77Vl92rjzvJ_KS5RcIE2qlJUnwuAM-VNInxsvTejhGesDXqZNXY7V9T9zxK7aX1HhDWlW7kIylHlSPHaVG1urY/s1600/2013-11-02+14.40.18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDoP8BMvzktM2bbs9yhkGC79wAfaj37koirwXidEQAZO8AvIwskKs_D77Vl92rjzvJ_KS5RcIE2qlJUnwuAM-VNInxsvTejhGesDXqZNXY7V9T9zxK7aX1HhDWlW7kIylHlSPHaVG1urY/s1600/2013-11-02+14.40.18.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">angle dari jembatan 'Broek' ke arah 'Westerwalstraat' di kawasan Oudstadt Samarang</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"> kemudian ada sebuah bangunan (rumah) lama yang hendak direnovasi (?) atau hendak dirobohkan, masih kurang jelas </span></span></span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXcAEj7kNSc7p_HnGmIuXNhsqTN-V_5LghrVMBCO31uX74lNy_pbJxECTCc4SUfjbV2oiQ8kvr9N6PUAoLoEQSbPotkoo8xdM5YWwVqkQo8evGTXgEGFfYSRc3hVnmcK3qcbykThwWkhk/s1600/2013-11-02+10.34.08.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXcAEj7kNSc7p_HnGmIuXNhsqTN-V_5LghrVMBCO31uX74lNy_pbJxECTCc4SUfjbV2oiQ8kvr9N6PUAoLoEQSbPotkoo8xdM5YWwVqkQo8evGTXgEGFfYSRc3hVnmcK3qcbykThwWkhk/s1600/2013-11-02+10.34.08.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">rumah di Jl. Cipto - kota Semarang</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"> masih pada hari yang sama, di lokasi yang sama di Hoogendoorpstraat (Jl Kepodang), saya mengambil gambar beberapa gedung yang menurut saya cukup elok, karena kebetulan saya suka dengan gaya-gaya kolonial yang masih terlihat indah meskipun telah dimakan usia</span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUi4iDGmaM9__WzO3e17y4eHfW-z7FyNcBOa7OvFTLxMLO3pd56p0NkpKFZZo6FE6zEy7DPQQg9RrE_7Ay1C025931kdGeKq1SSv7NohJOHAiBG7oNGhkAmaeAazjbCfpp_MJ_B5vmdTQ/s1600/2013-11-02+08.38.42.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUi4iDGmaM9__WzO3e17y4eHfW-z7FyNcBOa7OvFTLxMLO3pd56p0NkpKFZZo6FE6zEy7DPQQg9RrE_7Ay1C025931kdGeKq1SSv7NohJOHAiBG7oNGhkAmaeAazjbCfpp_MJ_B5vmdTQ/s1600/2013-11-02+08.38.42.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo1f834Tx5Wo8S3K7eMeNr9kvrZVsB1wt8kNtivef_paHng9vbPfoMnR59o7HklyAvaNw0rjzMYvG-yEkq9Hiy1Rdeewi0IZaSImo9v4ZvPe1rQFWT1CaHgqetbAOp74YB4_w6klTqArM/s1600/2013-11-02+08.36.35.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo1f834Tx5Wo8S3K7eMeNr9kvrZVsB1wt8kNtivef_paHng9vbPfoMnR59o7HklyAvaNw0rjzMYvG-yEkq9Hiy1Rdeewi0IZaSImo9v4ZvPe1rQFWT1CaHgqetbAOp74YB4_w6klTqArM/s1600/2013-11-02+08.36.35.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">sebuah façade di Jl. Kepodang - Semarang</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"> sebetulnya sayapun ingin menghadirkan gaya-gaya kolonial seperti itu ke dalam object miniatur kota KIRANGAN, namun apalah daya....</span></span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjstgmoQVmD52u4SwPBcuqbEoFEeN59A_qxC5v_GoZlY2J3BwyTbg_iVboetuzw7EkxgRbhCHDtP1SvKYZR2vWQBJXPwNZlpIMlqMXI2AthRPs67G8Ih69v8Kgbu0Zls6JTfhHtRLoXdDc/s1600/LostFile_JPG_616.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjstgmoQVmD52u4SwPBcuqbEoFEeN59A_qxC5v_GoZlY2J3BwyTbg_iVboetuzw7EkxgRbhCHDtP1SvKYZR2vWQBJXPwNZlpIMlqMXI2AthRPs67G8Ih69v8Kgbu0Zls6JTfhHtRLoXdDc/s1600/LostFile_JPG_616.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">model stasiun Kirangan dengan cita-cita 'Kolonial style'</td></tr>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtvbyOCq062XXzfEVRpNRcCLirjXSvndakksaMervwAe0bBt7CkOpvJDcWlElOMVlliMpsMV9EotHqKGNrOzAoewnKymZsc1VpHN7qEZk8uTK-T-tU58OvGHzelJqxjWFkk9cJyPDgokM/s1600/Blitar+1905%25281894%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtvbyOCq062XXzfEVRpNRcCLirjXSvndakksaMervwAe0bBt7CkOpvJDcWlElOMVlliMpsMV9EotHqKGNrOzAoewnKymZsc1VpHN7qEZk8uTK-T-tU58OvGHzelJqxjWFkk9cJyPDgokM/s1600/Blitar+1905%25281894%2529.jpg" height="314" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">kurang lebih seperti stasiun Blitar tahun 1905</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnAD329twxaQqjg3nNA4HbjRFhcZwxiPet91_LJi_WsOnRkxtmyf-jQSg3el8PNjvgWyvsNaocsHaYPGKoibWze2gHAuDOcmPaQMyvqQmmGd27q4IjcYBQhnRf_5GcX5aAKn0oarVCZqQ/s1600/LostFile_JPG_617.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnAD329twxaQqjg3nNA4HbjRFhcZwxiPet91_LJi_WsOnRkxtmyf-jQSg3el8PNjvgWyvsNaocsHaYPGKoibWze2gHAuDOcmPaQMyvqQmmGd27q4IjcYBQhnRf_5GcX5aAKn0oarVCZqQ/s1600/LostFile_JPG_617.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">model stasiun Kirangan tampak dari depan</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhueaDsbjCrAjzftHQvwm5w8xB0RDopo49p40cdouZG9zemEyKwRi8xx2AEFkNoaMFdj2ww9hHTbcUkgEmWunwNlaxRdSUBdRWKLQ8-qeKP549Zlc6snkuQ1hq0wYF1OL10lrs_CT8z5Ko/s1600/2013-08-17+11.45.05edit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhueaDsbjCrAjzftHQvwm5w8xB0RDopo49p40cdouZG9zemEyKwRi8xx2AEFkNoaMFdj2ww9hHTbcUkgEmWunwNlaxRdSUBdRWKLQ8-qeKP549Zlc6snkuQ1hq0wYF1OL10lrs_CT8z5Ko/s1600/2013-08-17+11.45.05edit.jpg" height="118" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">stasiun Kirangan dengan sedikit penambahan detail</td></tr>
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nahh....kembali pada cerita Semarang....<br />
beberapa hari setelah pengambilan foto yang pertama, pada tanggal 5 bulan November tahun 2013, saya kembali ke kota Semarang,...masih penasirun dengan kunjungan yang pertama, kebetulan ada beberapa waktu luang, saya sempatkan untuk hunting,...dan ini hasilnya<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9rgRbbFs76zGrS6_-gsBli3-uYPmW4E1lNnpAX1NS6or0_SM1HQsAhL5p7gJ93APout8yLj7QjZPC_ypc8eWunORtUjMp6zoasOF-m6vVA6JrDCTS_rrEdpnKyeKhbnm2j8XoAcH5wLY/s1600/2013-11-05+13.12.49_1862.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9rgRbbFs76zGrS6_-gsBli3-uYPmW4E1lNnpAX1NS6or0_SM1HQsAhL5p7gJ93APout8yLj7QjZPC_ypc8eWunORtUjMp6zoasOF-m6vVA6JrDCTS_rrEdpnKyeKhbnm2j8XoAcH5wLY/s1600/2013-11-05+13.12.49_1862.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">kantor Pos Semarang, menurut sebuah sumber, dibangun pada tahun 1862</td></tr>
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kantor Pos di Semarang, dengan sedikit penampakan Groote Huis (Papak Huis) yang ternyata lebih sepuh daripada kantor Pos-nya<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirB703r64KCo0ejMy4-AStWV9Nv8Fv9fxawYS5vZaQClQouVcgaprFCpIzbftiqm4u_7CkFaqj86Gcap0NWMkSykBftq34e0MZ4Y13jGVTX_7gzoybktPSi2LxFvwPnYQWeLk31dbKw-8/s1600/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_'Ingang_van_het_'grote_huis'_te_Semarang'_Text.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirB703r64KCo0ejMy4-AStWV9Nv8Fv9fxawYS5vZaQClQouVcgaprFCpIzbftiqm4u_7CkFaqj86Gcap0NWMkSykBftq34e0MZ4Y13jGVTX_7gzoybktPSi2LxFvwPnYQWeLk31dbKw-8/s1600/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_'Ingang_van_het_'grote_huis'_te_Semarang'_Text.jpg" height="236" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">koleksi 'Tropen Museum' salah satu pintu masuk 'Groote Huis'</td></tr>
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Groote Huis ini konon ceritanya pernah terbakar hebat, sehingga melumat arsip-arsip kota Semarang lama dari zaman VOC<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlVlM1FMMQ-oRv268ima1HdXk9vysM8ZdVNkat8nIh2M60nb9OAR1IAInzxG_O69AZ-u4PXjsUGMINCfi8T6bXVn1uS_HXpHgS-QxAIHFZAXnDKnNSPUtvqKLT7QceDgumDYt5WI2Mfzg/s1600/Groote+Huis_TEXT.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlVlM1FMMQ-oRv268ima1HdXk9vysM8ZdVNkat8nIh2M60nb9OAR1IAInzxG_O69AZ-u4PXjsUGMINCfi8T6bXVn1uS_HXpHgS-QxAIHFZAXnDKnNSPUtvqKLT7QceDgumDYt5WI2Mfzg/s1600/Groote+Huis_TEXT.jpg" height="226" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">foto Groote Huis tahun 1900-an</td></tr>
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Gedung Papak di foto dari angle yang berlawanan dari foto yang di atas. Groote Huis ini menurut beberapa sumber dibangun pada tahun 1854<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy9uE8e8vxcse49ZhFXif6dW53_IvARtyQtGT9QaT6QnCXC3ZhfriyrGi5kQQJhH-ErSvw2Ai8e4kt4bSdgOJzx2dzdmEGOD8c0AZHOt0K7MdySPYZWUF1xu2tVZf_Yfgc3Ix5ICGZdA4/s1600/2013-11-05+13.14.21.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy9uE8e8vxcse49ZhFXif6dW53_IvARtyQtGT9QaT6QnCXC3ZhfriyrGi5kQQJhH-ErSvw2Ai8e4kt4bSdgOJzx2dzdmEGOD8c0AZHOt0K7MdySPYZWUF1xu2tVZf_Yfgc3Ix5ICGZdA4/s1600/2013-11-05+13.14.21.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">detail jendela kantor Pos yang wow...exciting</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7LDAFcU1ega4fM2TNUAm0HGCGS-qGCu02AzR4wwa341TKwVNlUXi-VPnEgC40apwwNEGjC6UNhTABjWvRtMD5phP_8gTxx4GnWDdFUsc_PVWoD84ecAFkrUwUX6y5GtdVhIOH1m24akY/s1600/2013-11-05+13.14.26.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7LDAFcU1ega4fM2TNUAm0HGCGS-qGCu02AzR4wwa341TKwVNlUXi-VPnEgC40apwwNEGjC6UNhTABjWvRtMD5phP_8gTxx4GnWDdFUsc_PVWoD84ecAFkrUwUX6y5GtdVhIOH1m24akY/s1600/2013-11-05+13.14.26.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">salut untuk pengelola kantor Pos Semarang, masih terawat gedung ini dengan baik !</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8HeyKocXzHQCJJUvb3g8rrJI-9rksvS4kbDw7QtifSAXRIrQEBl3b-WC6Tgj-eOS4zpa-6XObHveCjOD4Mvq_YOOD5qHb6iDELKcvgMm_T2F3QV-UzaxtDyltce00JVgM5OcAfcmptBw/s1600/2013-11-05+13.27.48.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8HeyKocXzHQCJJUvb3g8rrJI-9rksvS4kbDw7QtifSAXRIrQEBl3b-WC6Tgj-eOS4zpa-6XObHveCjOD4Mvq_YOOD5qHb6iDELKcvgMm_T2F3QV-UzaxtDyltce00JVgM5OcAfcmptBw/s1600/2013-11-05+13.27.48.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Polder di depan stasiun Semarang Tawang, memberi nilai tambah monumentalitas stasiun Tawang</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5j8EpQGOkBfsEVHTQiXmvEfPtbs8zsm7jYZ4LJ6svfGVscf_YVMEGjNeoZX2caBU003JuSc5x1QZ3z7GuASplTQB5pH-_cqGU-j6D8ndb2LPR1AmY0oBLwwOSbRfiZdaywd3wmVmwaJE/s1600/2013-11-05+13.30.02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5j8EpQGOkBfsEVHTQiXmvEfPtbs8zsm7jYZ4LJ6svfGVscf_YVMEGjNeoZX2caBU003JuSc5x1QZ3z7GuASplTQB5pH-_cqGU-j6D8ndb2LPR1AmY0oBLwwOSbRfiZdaywd3wmVmwaJE/s1600/2013-11-05+13.30.02.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">view Stasiun Tawang dari arah polder</td></tr>
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Sebagai pelaku hobby miniatur kereta api, sekaligus penggemar kereta api dan bangunan kolonial, mengambil gambar stasiun Tawang ini wajib hukumnya. Sengaja saya mengambil gambar stasiun Tawang dari pandangan skala kota, karena sudah banyak foto-foto stasiun Tawang dari dekat, di Google juga banyak. Stasiun dengan rancang bangun arsitek Sloth - Blauwboer ini didesain sebagai stasiun yang dipersiapkan untuk
menjadi pintu kedatangan tamu, Stasiun Tawang dirancang sebagai bangunan
yang anggun dengan karakter bangunan berlanggam Romanticism yang
populer di Eropa pada masa itu yang dipersiapkan untuk perayaan 100
tahun kemerdekaan Belanda dari Spanyol (Tentoonstelling). Stasiun Semarang Tawang dibuka untuk publik pada tanggal 1 Juni 1914<br />
<br />
nah....dari Semarang Tawang, saya bergegas ke stasiun Semarang Poncol, karena ini adalah salah dua dari beberapa stasiun dan halte yang masih 'berdenyut nadi'-nya di kota Semarang, karena stasiun-stasiun yang lain sudah tinggal sejarah dan kenangan. Menurut sumber Wiki, stasiun ini juga dibangun di tahun 1914 dengan arsitek legendaris sir Henri Maclainepont, perancang gedung ITB dan gereja Pohsarang di Kediri. Jika stasiun semarang Tawang (SMT) adalah bekas stasiun N.I.S.Mij, maka stasiun Poncol (SMC) merupakan peninggalan perusahaan swasta SJS Mij (Semarang Joanna Stoomtram Maatschappij)<br />
<br />
<i><b><span style="color: #ffe599;"><span style="background-color: #666666;">Artikel selanjutnya dapat anda baca di</span></span></b></i> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang_21.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang_21.html</a><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1FgtKFR_eo2UEQ2jhjzRPHIQLWk8gs3o1H4fNave-lCvQcEuBG2Gr7NXBwphJ_uvPfXmPn_6K9cqU13ST7xdyUC2cUueHYQHJ0JFBL8P55XLKgxtwcbdHeAI7uljerRzGWwc7CEzXe1o/s1600/2013-11-05+14.01.39.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1FgtKFR_eo2UEQ2jhjzRPHIQLWk8gs3o1H4fNave-lCvQcEuBG2Gr7NXBwphJ_uvPfXmPn_6K9cqU13ST7xdyUC2cUueHYQHJ0JFBL8P55XLKgxtwcbdHeAI7uljerRzGWwc7CEzXe1o/s1600/2013-11-05+14.01.39.jpg" height="240" width="320" /> </a></td><td style="text-align: center;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stasiun Semarang Poncol (SMC)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><i></i></span></span></span>Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-69863557890685950102014-01-20T19:41:00.001-08:002014-01-24T22:18:11.192-08:00KOTA KIRANGAN dan KOTA SEMARANG<h2>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">ANTARA ADA dan TIADA <i>(between absence and presence)</i></span></span></span></h2>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Sebenarnya kota</span></span> 'KIRANGAN' merupakan <i>fictional place</i> dan kota Semarang adalah kota yang real, dapat kita kunjungi, sehingga hubungan antara dua kota menjadi antara ada dan tiada.<br />
Tiada hubungan karena memang berbeda dunia dan berbeda skala, kota 'Kirangan' berada pada skala 1/87 dan kota Semarang berada pada skala nyata. Karena blog ini mengupas tentang miniatur kereta api, maka tidak dapat dilepaskan dari kereta api yang sesungguhnya, dan tidak terlepas dari kota kelahiran jaringan transportasi moda KERETA API yang ada di Indonesia, yang dibuka secara resmi pada tanggal 10 Agustus 1867, menghubungkan kota SAMARANG (=sekarang Semarang) menuju TANGOENG (=sekarang Tanggung) di mana pencangkulan pertama diresmikan oleh Gubernur Jenderal Ludolph Anne Jan Wilt Baron Sloet van Beele.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk9V2hgrzyKYLTSJsMtnoSd5dlWbCXcDAsi8FkO3EKN_wearJdLlFBxTG8RCT8ZU_xKkY84G92pmbTbiXAcPUllwm8wrwG377Tlq64-14isoYkPf9loPJjTZDe3ukcXqmFENfMl_sIWXo/s1600/Tangoeng_txt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk9V2hgrzyKYLTSJsMtnoSd5dlWbCXcDAsi8FkO3EKN_wearJdLlFBxTG8RCT8ZU_xKkY84G92pmbTbiXAcPUllwm8wrwG377Tlq64-14isoYkPf9loPJjTZDe3ukcXqmFENfMl_sIWXo/s1600/Tangoeng_txt.jpg" height="168" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">pembukaan Halte 'Tangoeng' perjalanan kereta api pertama kali di tanah Jawa (Indonesia)</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
perjalanan ke Semarang, pada suatu hari di bulan November 2013 yang baru lalu, tertambat pada sebuah pemandangan di kawasan kota lama Semarang, yang kemudian saya dengar bernama : OUDSTADS SAMARANG<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP6Itx8BtI58Ou4mkCWImeUN5YBtIunHFQZOypB-GAeApor_33OuRYJjad9bZKzBsBaphhbF1mVikIfVP65-xAyGAgL0OpFbE2zODpb9hU5u-0wqQGXgNtt0BZWmSeetHPWqV9ZyLxZlE/s1600/2013-11-02+08.26.07.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP6Itx8BtI58Ou4mkCWImeUN5YBtIunHFQZOypB-GAeApor_33OuRYJjad9bZKzBsBaphhbF1mVikIfVP65-xAyGAgL0OpFbE2zODpb9hU5u-0wqQGXgNtt0BZWmSeetHPWqV9ZyLxZlE/s1600/2013-11-02+08.26.07.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">perkenalan pertama, sebuah pohon</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
di depan gedung ini saya tertegun pada sebuah pohon, dan belakangan saya tahu bahwa pohon ini tumbuh di bekas salah satu menara kubah gedung 'Nederlandsch Indischë Cultuur Maatschappij der Vorstenlanden'<br />
<span style="color: #e69138;">Bagi anda penggemar miniatur kereta api mancanegara Eropa, anda dapat berkunjung ke</span> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yurop.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yurop.html</a> dan ke <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/lokomotif-lokomotif-mirip-2.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/lokomotif-lokomotif-mirip-2.html</a><br />
<br />
<br />
sekarang kita kembali ke kota Kirangan, di mana saya berusaha memberikan sentuhan lokal, agar terasa atmospher Indonesia-nya<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyELEb3MQChO4sqhEqLYgwvQfdNWiNtUz_KniboGcipH5GWxGQMJPb4Cx9GRwmqjHvlQWwgr5Wx5KbMehvQlxnWJApI2SxaczQkIyA9r7Gm6nMA80PyYteYi3dh-XorF54-hCSEwK7BVY/s1600/kios_aqua_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyELEb3MQChO4sqhEqLYgwvQfdNWiNtUz_KniboGcipH5GWxGQMJPb4Cx9GRwmqjHvlQWwgr5Wx5KbMehvQlxnWJApI2SxaczQkIyA9r7Gm6nMA80PyYteYi3dh-XorF54-hCSEwK7BVY/s1600/kios_aqua_2.jpg" height="192" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">kios kota KIRANGAN</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
di mana ada sebuah masa di negara kita, di kota-kota kecil maupun kota besar, banyak dijual di kios-kios pinggir jalan, galon air mineral dan tabung elpiji 3kg yang mungkin tidak kita jumpai di negara lain di Asia Tenggara seperti Malaysia, Tahiland, Singapura, Philipina, apalagi negara jauh seperti Jepang, Korea, negara-negara di Eropa dan Amerika, dan itupun pada tahun 1990-an masih belum ada !<br />
<br />
nahh......kembali lagi ke kota Semarang, setelah mengambil foto tersebut, kemudian saya mengambil foto pohon beserta bangunannya dari sisi yang lain<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg81rvOxeqqtgXpDZT6m25VwD__Dbz5vfg341FD07RAvhFrnGEEUcv69RBqTVXsTh2EKMhulvfUUmj5RJ2b8x1HbCYSVT8ItcUL7qAVnLNYBbeu51oAMc4RIVmCsyage1oQdbsRD8TOtNE/s1600/2013-11-02+08.27.38.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg81rvOxeqqtgXpDZT6m25VwD__Dbz5vfg341FD07RAvhFrnGEEUcv69RBqTVXsTh2EKMhulvfUUmj5RJ2b8x1HbCYSVT8ItcUL7qAVnLNYBbeu51oAMc4RIVmCsyage1oQdbsRD8TOtNE/s1600/2013-11-02+08.27.38.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">pohon di atas reruntuhan gedung NIC der Vorstenlanden diambil dari depan gedung 'Spaarbank'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span data-measureme="1"><span class="null">ketika sedang asik motret di depan gedung ini, tiba-tiba ada seorang opa-opa negur :"kamu tau itu gedung apa
?"........dari situ lalu beliau bercerita........kemudian opa tanya saya
darimana,.....setelah tau saya dari Matraman di Jakarta, beliau
bercerita dulu pernah bekerja di Jakarta selama 8 tahun di belakang
Universitas Indonesia di Salemba, di 'Hatta Foundation' milik alm.
Proklamator Muhammad Hatta. Belakang kantor beliau adalah rumah
kediaman kakak dari gubernur Ali Sadikin yang pada waktu itu masih
menjabat. Saya sempat terbengong-bengong,....bengong karena sebuah perjumpaan yang sangat mengejutkan, seorang opa yang asing bagi saya, di tempat yang asing,.....saya masih ingat ketika beliau berkata : "KAMU HARUS FOTO ITU SEMUA".......dalam hati kecil saya geli :..."lha gila apa...?!?!......gak sudi banget"......apalagi saya melihat suasananya yang kumuh. Sayang sekali ketika saya bertanya :"Om siapa namanya ?"......buru-buru
beliau pergi sambil tangannya digerak-gerakkan......sungguh sebuah perjumpaan paling ANEH dalam hidup saya. </span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8VII4lU__tTZ-uHEItO_nh3W9NayfHuW3cMbMvz4PzjU2OoVmx_rzo134CdL1nz9LvGXF3njlBl_InuwC0KYZJwW54DARML8VFMc0TUKG_8ERiQGIjCUbwf2Od72nyeEh7GUzNCetuXQ/s1600/2013-11-24+12.41.50.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8VII4lU__tTZ-uHEItO_nh3W9NayfHuW3cMbMvz4PzjU2OoVmx_rzo134CdL1nz9LvGXF3njlBl_InuwC0KYZJwW54DARML8VFMc0TUKG_8ERiQGIjCUbwf2Od72nyeEh7GUzNCetuXQ/s1600/2013-11-24+12.41.50.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">sebuah gedung berusia lebih seabad, perjumpaan dengan 'Opah'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<span data-measureme="1"><span class="null">kemudian setelah perjumpaan itu, saya mengambil beberapa foto di kawasan kota tua </span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdY1XLV5oNM3hyq4tXS0WnmhGbdQJQ5Hu2GjtOJ-uH8LZdaOqFC19A_EcxlobGS-8-eZv0A8lWY14OjN7TWOK50aR4ST0lqcbGZAZ-680Cis9PbMMvmENOE69xfEXreUd0B8DaXsu70mg/s1600/2013-11-02+08.34.56.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdY1XLV5oNM3hyq4tXS0WnmhGbdQJQ5Hu2GjtOJ-uH8LZdaOqFC19A_EcxlobGS-8-eZv0A8lWY14OjN7TWOK50aR4ST0lqcbGZAZ-680Cis9PbMMvmENOE69xfEXreUd0B8DaXsu70mg/s1600/2013-11-02+08.34.56.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">belakangan saya juga baru tau kalau ini hasil karya maestro Arsitek Prof. 'Schoemaker'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span data-measureme="1"><span class="null">Setelah gugling dan mencari keterangan di sana-sini, saya baru ngeh kalau lokasi di mana saya bertemu dengan Opah itu di Hoogendoorpstraat, dan sekarang namanya Jl. Kepodang di kawasan Oudstadt Samarang</span></span><br />
<br />
<span data-measureme="1"><span class="null"><span style="color: #134f5c;">Dan bagi anda penggemar sejarah perkereta apian di Amerika Serikat, anda dapat berkunjung </span>ke <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/sejarah-kereta-api-amerika-yuwes.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/sejarah-kereta-api-amerika-yuwes.html</a> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span data-measureme="1"><span class="null"><span style="color: #741b47;">untuk yang penasaran dengan lokomotif uap, anda bisa membuka</span> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/susunan-roda-lokomotif-uap.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/susunan-roda-lokomotif-uap.html</a> </span></span><br />
<span data-measureme="1"><span class="null"><br /></span></span>
<span data-measureme="1"><span class="null"><br /></span></span>
<span data-measureme="1"><span class="null">Kembali lagi ke pedalaman kota Kirangan, selain miniatur atmosfer kota mini, saya juga menyukai type kendaraan-kendaraan yang dulu hadir di masa kecil, dan sekarang telah menjadi sesuatu yang jadul, vintage, retro, heritage,....atau apalah.........</span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpYz-TBF3Y57Lt7raEST0zvuxDvRtj9FNxC6VmnRG9AyrkMSovPYkDeJVZB4qjgVlcsZ0c0LXw5o5JRjYxwSzJuaBQj26pr9dMk7HHLxWE6XYMnCATvwvnIz_dTygPJyIulwLWEXwEVhk/s1600/2013-05-06+15.03.29(e).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpYz-TBF3Y57Lt7raEST0zvuxDvRtj9FNxC6VmnRG9AyrkMSovPYkDeJVZB4qjgVlcsZ0c0LXw5o5JRjYxwSzJuaBQj26pr9dMk7HHLxWE6XYMnCATvwvnIz_dTygPJyIulwLWEXwEVhk/s1600/2013-05-06+15.03.29(e).jpg" height="146" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">narsis para lansia di kota KIRANGAN</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnUSIW68YGtgx7qYANFqXNnZqxnFKVuUF6pBRk6FlaKycCDdpmhMRP9Ygh_tZdiVnbx6bgB5QAt2lr0bOC16d5TYAnZlOPIM_d6hxJ9ent5tdK4q0_zCRNnOUP2pzCtBXZa2zCvv7Uj0I/s1600/2013-05-06+15.09.02(e).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnUSIW68YGtgx7qYANFqXNnZqxnFKVuUF6pBRk6FlaKycCDdpmhMRP9Ygh_tZdiVnbx6bgB5QAt2lr0bOC16d5TYAnZlOPIM_d6hxJ9ent5tdK4q0_zCRNnOUP2pzCtBXZa2zCvv7Uj0I/s1600/2013-05-06+15.09.02(e).jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wisata Jadul Kirangan dari sudut yang lain</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span data-measureme="1"><span class="null"><b><span style="background-color: cyan;">Artikel selanjutnya dapat anda baca di</span></b> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang_20.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang_20.html</a></span></span>
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<span data-measureme="1"><span class="null">
</span></span>Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-83902890113795533802014-01-20T16:51:00.002-08:002014-01-20T16:51:34.824-08:00KONSEP KOTA KIRANGAN<h2>
<b>MEMBANGUN LINGKUNGAN IMAJINER UNTUK MINIATUR KERETA API INDONESIA</b></h2>
<b>KIRANGAN </b>merupakan istilah bahasa Jawa yang berarti 'tidak tahu', 'tidak diketahui', 'kurang tahu', yang saya angkat sebagai nama sebuah lingkungan imajiner dalam menyusun miniatur kereta api.<br />
Nama <b>'Kirangan' </b>dapat menunjuk pada <i>fictional place</i> seperti 'RADIATOR SPRING' dalam film animasi garapan 'Disney-Pixxar' dengan judul 'CARS'.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBM6tbKgaXA0J5BG4bRQFqdiqEc36tM1pYtKVXpooa2HdGs4tv_-V2r3Q74BZacmZFj45n1uuTBCouIiGzSYuu65gMuHuEo5Js36yPLDcjDbWXbfMoPd8pk4JkN5WS4kY3-lonYOAyQ2M/s1600/Radiator-Springs-disney-pixar-cars-8366041-600-323.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBM6tbKgaXA0J5BG4bRQFqdiqEc36tM1pYtKVXpooa2HdGs4tv_-V2r3Q74BZacmZFj45n1uuTBCouIiGzSYuu65gMuHuEo5Js36yPLDcjDbWXbfMoPd8pk4JkN5WS4kY3-lonYOAyQ2M/s1600/Radiator-Springs-disney-pixar-cars-8366041-600-323.jpg" height="172" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">suasana sebuah fictional place, kota 'RADIATOR SPRINGS'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
dalam membangun konsep kota 'KIRANGAN' saya mengangkat suasana sehari-hari yang khas Indonesia. Seperti gambar di atas yang dapat anda lihat di <a href="http://images2.fanpop.com/images/photos/8300000/Radiator-Springs-disney-pixar-cars-8366041-600-323.jpg" target="_blank">http://images2.fanpop.com/images/photos/8300000/Radiator-Springs-disney-pixar-cars-8366041-600-323.jpg</a> maka untuk suasana kota Kirangan ini saya berusaha membangun sebuah suasana tempat-tempat yang umum dijumpai di beberapa kota kecil di Indonesia<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgesTzHgIChNNDAAxlNyohyD1qU8IKHh1rseqtF7qBSEM8xGkjICiHb55QWz7HamtAOjGmqmRNN8y-MIuJ0ScLHt27M-XhvS4nQ8ERyFuNt8FGhXc9wdBGhtvU1rM_aoO3yZYtfpihMZnk/s1600/2012-09-27+00.26.00e.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgesTzHgIChNNDAAxlNyohyD1qU8IKHh1rseqtF7qBSEM8xGkjICiHb55QWz7HamtAOjGmqmRNN8y-MIuJ0ScLHt27M-XhvS4nQ8ERyFuNt8FGhXc9wdBGhtvU1rM_aoO3yZYtfpihMZnk/s1600/2012-09-27+00.26.00e.jpg" height="183" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">tahap awal pencarian identitas kota 'KIRANGAN'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
untuk anda pemerhati bangunan gedung perkereta apian mancanegara atau Indonesia, jangan lupa berkunjung ke <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang_18.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang_18.html</a><br />
<br />
jika pada gambar di atas membawa kita pada suasana lingkungan marjinal sebuah kota, maka untuk suasana-suasana lain saya membuat sebagai berikut<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimnj58klUTRzvx-U_g_JCRIfaYkG5t6UTHodUZ8xeEGFRC2M_vL9-xvX9Jnzxg0jV0mcgnw-SL0-gIoDfMFE4XBip4ApgxGm3lw54IcgfLe47qaa5fEp2TG-3PTsLvmemxK5lrLtRCz04/s1600/wrguti_6%2528S+87%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimnj58klUTRzvx-U_g_JCRIfaYkG5t6UTHodUZ8xeEGFRC2M_vL9-xvX9Jnzxg0jV0mcgnw-SL0-gIoDfMFE4XBip4ApgxGm3lw54IcgfLe47qaa5fEp2TG-3PTsLvmemxK5lrLtRCz04/s1600/wrguti_6%2528S+87%2529.jpg" height="174" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">suasana kampung pedesaan</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">suasana kampung Kirangan</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">kantor Sudin Kebersihan kota KIRANGAN</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Untuk memperkental suasana lokal, saya sengaja membawa bangunan berarsitektur etnik atau vernakular ke dalam kota KIRANGAN<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr2e2X6XHsyaD1_PhGkyQNEdgzkbyJClzPAMTT3giLsc28CYOfzKyPcQKLDR-8UbM9hLR00FaVLg7982XTSng4EQpRUrnH8wyoBsqSlFbWT-mVJ-MD_DL-Th6XfjtOlwPgaJ4tRHvsSuA/s1600/2012-11-29+23.48.37crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr2e2X6XHsyaD1_PhGkyQNEdgzkbyJClzPAMTT3giLsc28CYOfzKyPcQKLDR-8UbM9hLR00FaVLg7982XTSng4EQpRUrnH8wyoBsqSlFbWT-mVJ-MD_DL-Th6XfjtOlwPgaJ4tRHvsSuA/s1600/2012-11-29+23.48.37crop.jpg" height="157" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">sebuah warung Padang kota KIRANGAN</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">rumah vernakular kampung KIRANGAN</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Di samping beberapa bangunan yang bergaya moderen seperti ini<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqK5eIleQlW0-GqNAhcUyUOBr1mTOTKJt9QUHr1yonQHuxV-cxADkHBPbk3XecLfpe6qXhS8T_727vxMfgG_6e-0ledBzR90UzdZYMe19ixuanttF1E6K_PIjZeBXYmBej9I7xBzasqMw/s1600/2012-07-15+23.37.43crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqK5eIleQlW0-GqNAhcUyUOBr1mTOTKJt9QUHr1yonQHuxV-cxADkHBPbk3XecLfpe6qXhS8T_727vxMfgG_6e-0ledBzR90UzdZYMe19ixuanttF1E6K_PIjZeBXYmBej9I7xBzasqMw/s1600/2012-07-15+23.37.43crop.jpg" height="159" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">warunk kopi cak Sabar</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihrSMoFKHcrfyrHeg6S88P7ZpUN643fma91i0QyK5p64mkKZLlN308YSOUo0C9uAhG1UdfcHOwyiN0sH_mMfV2_RPMmFFNOmsAdzVebcZbZ0edxp2AGku7gWmVtntMWN1BJnLegyzHlfg/s1600/2012-03-29+07.03.29crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihrSMoFKHcrfyrHeg6S88P7ZpUN643fma91i0QyK5p64mkKZLlN308YSOUo0C9uAhG1UdfcHOwyiN0sH_mMfV2_RPMmFFNOmsAdzVebcZbZ0edxp2AGku7gWmVtntMWN1BJnLegyzHlfg/s1600/2012-03-29+07.03.29crop.jpg" height="191" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">rumah modern minimalis</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Awalnya saya sempat berfikir menggunakan nama 'Antah Berantah' untuk menjelaskan <i>fictional place </i>yang hendak saya kembangkan, kemudian saya pendekkan menjadi 'Entah' supaya lebih simpel dan mudah diingat, lalu terfikir menjadi nama 'KIRANGAN' supaya lebih kental ke etnik Jawa. <span style="color: #741b47;">Bagi anda penggemar sejarah kereta api mancanegara, jangan lupa kunjungi <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/sejarah-kereta-api-amerika-yuwes.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/sejarah-kereta-api-amerika-yuwes.html </a></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47;">dan untuk </span><span style="color: #990000;">mengenal lebih dalam tentang apa itu GAUGE dan SKALA</span>, anda dapat berkunjung ke <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/skala-gauge.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/skala-gauge.html</a><br />
<br />
sudut-sudut lain dari kota 'KIRANGAN' adalah sebagai berikut <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg30ognY1jSwPtyKFsTIrn7kwlbcE_WWQLx7xuvCFdyDFTfyK3CZeS122qQ_m5LaebjbV6WDZlu_wxUF4zsBViYj0Bc9vmC7lNsuSu-JR8PyFbHK0JgXhcqf-KJ-N0_4ZNeK-dzs5d9o5Q/s1600/2013-05-06+08.10.22(e).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg30ognY1jSwPtyKFsTIrn7kwlbcE_WWQLx7xuvCFdyDFTfyK3CZeS122qQ_m5LaebjbV6WDZlu_wxUF4zsBViYj0Bc9vmC7lNsuSu-JR8PyFbHK0JgXhcqf-KJ-N0_4ZNeK-dzs5d9o5Q/s1600/2013-05-06+08.10.22(e).jpg" height="152" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wisata Jadul kota 'Kirangan'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">suasana marjinal dengan becak</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheu28AE6crcpAH7DqDDe2LkiMbA4M2obXs2KtSx0burgtgQDDlWYjaIWDFJOPkB4muF5Ohe-h61v4KPo5U7gIU6auv3-O8l_IlZfSvFMpvfrk3PH0D8fYku2nRETPNX_sEr6hWSr61jac/s1600/2013-11-21+20.44.20b(sepur_balas)FKM.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheu28AE6crcpAH7DqDDe2LkiMbA4M2obXs2KtSx0burgtgQDDlWYjaIWDFJOPkB4muF5Ohe-h61v4KPo5U7gIU6auv3-O8l_IlZfSvFMpvfrk3PH0D8fYku2nRETPNX_sEr6hWSr61jac/s1600/2013-11-21+20.44.20b(sepur_balas)FKM.jpg" height="162" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">suasana kampung KIRANGAN</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM3ed4-sYDCmzaHDI-XyxrDnmYC4q9yOWHZTViwJJNbQg67HFyo38xVHLSH8ktOLsWM15k85sUCP5UePDamVBj1nGlJ56J2xU_ZEuH7urBIYmZ-ndA__AvuR37waXYWL6Rz83dURV3EW8/s1600/2013-08-17+12.10.34edit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM3ed4-sYDCmzaHDI-XyxrDnmYC4q9yOWHZTViwJJNbQg67HFyo38xVHLSH8ktOLsWM15k85sUCP5UePDamVBj1nGlJ56J2xU_ZEuH7urBIYmZ-ndA__AvuR37waXYWL6Rz83dURV3EW8/s1600/2013-08-17+12.10.34edit.jpg" height="122" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stasiun KIRANGAN</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #38761d;">dan jika anda tertarik untuk melihat jenis-jenis lokomotif mancanegara, yang Eropa dapat ada lihat di </span><br />
<a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yurop.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yurop.html</a><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #fff2cc;"><span style="background-color: #990000;">Untuk lokomotif-lokomotif Amerika (Yuwes) anda dapat bertandang ke </span></span><a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yuwes.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yuwes.html</a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">-terimakasih atas kunjungannya, dan nantikan posting dari saya berikutnya, salam -</span>Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-64827617897800975952014-01-20T06:27:00.000-08:002014-01-21T16:18:20.611-08:00SEJARAH KERETA API AMERIKA (YUWES)<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>the LAST SPIKE dan OVERLAND ROUTE</b></span><br />
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrolOUIfoOTp8fmuKNKn_1AtlkgBzoN0KzIT4NvwnYt36xKPw0fU2dytDsFM2EKlJkOfIN0mnUqvpN2EvfPWO84YJJM75ROvtU_egsJbZz7_CpnbDDWtTEX9MfGLhuoeaL_Sj-OKGHzgM/s1600/gO_union-pacific-overland-route.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrolOUIfoOTp8fmuKNKn_1AtlkgBzoN0KzIT4NvwnYt36xKPw0fU2dytDsFM2EKlJkOfIN0mnUqvpN2EvfPWO84YJJM75ROvtU_egsJbZz7_CpnbDDWtTEX9MfGLhuoeaL_Sj-OKGHzgM/s1600/gO_union-pacific-overland-route.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Logo Union Pacific (Yupi) dengan Overland Route</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />
<span class="notranslate"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> Sungguh keren bendera (logo) Union Pacific (Yupi) dengan tulisan 'OVERLAND ROUTE' ini, namun apakah itu 'overland route' ?</span></span><br />
<span class="notranslate"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Marilah sejenak kita melihat sejarah perkeretaapian di Amerika Serikat (Amrik, Yuwes)</span></span><br />
<span class="notranslate"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Jaringan
kereta api lintas benua Amerika yang pertama :<b> First Transcontinental
Railroad</b></span> (mula-mula dikenal sebagai <b>"Pacific Railroad"</b>
sebelum nama " <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overland_Route_%28Union_Pacific_Railroad%29&usg=ALkJrhiwnU36tbgO8smdO1LhgdKfeEbrJQ" title="Overland Route (Union Pacific Railroad)"><b>Overland Route</b></a>
") memiliki jalur sepanjang 1.907 mil (3.069 km) yang dibangun antara 1863
dan 1869 di bagian barat <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States&usg=ALkJrhh5LI2kORy2BT3InQYZAzz6wTKuYw" title="AS">Amerika Serikat</a> untuk menghubungkan pantai Pasifik di teluk <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay&usg=ALkJrhiRVyIsAYQBazbCjmlPvVsUJx64WA" title="San Francisco Bay">San Francisco </a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan jaringan rel yang ada di bagian Timur AS
dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_Bluffs,_Iowa&usg=ALkJrhgMeDUJ1WK6-QwzIDCfbi-Lu33Ajg" title="Council Bluffs, Iowa">Council Bluffs, Iowa</a> , di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_River&usg=ALkJrhiThEAISbMdY6F_DmwAlGKIyMFOxw" title="Missouri River">Missouri</a> River .</span> <span class="notranslate"> </span><br />
<span class="notranslate"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv569iHy0dzZqEa04KRa0f4kfWhPqrGeO_DnarQCY1TXuPnvBEmIQtgFEuA-Aovl9ZkbcgzLeA5X66MblV4fqCN4TpBJCMHn0J-9LUGhVXUW15GOmODZ-jJWuxy8rdNkg5UogSkA7zZFQ/s1600/Go_CentralPac323.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv569iHy0dzZqEa04KRa0f4kfWhPqrGeO_DnarQCY1TXuPnvBEmIQtgFEuA-Aovl9ZkbcgzLeA5X66MblV4fqCN4TpBJCMHn0J-9LUGhVXUW15GOmODZ-jJWuxy8rdNkg5UogSkA7zZFQ/s1600/Go_CentralPac323.jpg" height="116" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">model gerbong Post armada Central Pacific Railroad, predesor 'Southern Pacific'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><br />
<span class="notranslate">Pembangunan jaringan rel kereta api perintis lintas benua ini melibatkan tiga perusahaan swasta raksasa saat itu : <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Pacific_Railroad_%281862%25E2%2580%25931870%29&usg=ALkJrhg-wYdidgQ62izPTTGa_dQd5oWbPA" title="Western Pacific Railroad (1862-1870)">Western Pacific Railroad Company</a>
(lama) jalur antara <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland,_California&usg=ALkJrhhew52r7yVkEoSbxGDkRjn805aj3g" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a> ke arah Barat-Utara ke <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento,_California&usg=ALkJrhiNHkHVjawrWNQ-aEfRD1InO6QBdg" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento, California</a> (sejauh 132 mil (212
km)), maskapai kereta api Central Pacific Railroad of California dari Sacramento
ke arah Barat menuju ke <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promontory_Summit,_Utah&usg=ALkJrhjPHmvOvWoACOmixAvKBMma1QKQ5g" title="Promontory Summit, Utah">Promontory Summit, Wilayah Utah (UT)</a> (690
mil (1110km)), dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad_Company&usg=ALkJrhgC7ComYgGPmUDRKSvIhulfQEV-Xg" title="Union Pacific Railroad Company">Perusahaan Kereta Api Union Pacific</a> dari
Council Bluffs ke arah Timur dari Jalan nasional terminus bagian Timur di sisi
timur dari Missouri River <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska&usg=ALkJrhiScsvXjql_nX0W-jpQTsouiJb2gA" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a> ketemu Promontory Summit (sejauh 1085
mil (1746km)). </span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglaCADiFYTAkcfYDlypjlj3Z6vcJvTVoIZ1kaWmezQ9eRjv4eHOZztndePI1WPBosdYAcNK3Eyvk0e0YsTSn7V-t2UEdluo9ApUHjYmfvcJ3KVvcfgw4Yt732iI1XEqtgcVxoZva1I4Wc/s1600/First+Transcontinent_MARKED.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglaCADiFYTAkcfYDlypjlj3Z6vcJvTVoIZ1kaWmezQ9eRjv4eHOZztndePI1WPBosdYAcNK3Eyvk0e0YsTSn7V-t2UEdluo9ApUHjYmfvcJ3KVvcfgw4Yt732iI1XEqtgcVxoZva1I4Wc/s1600/First+Transcontinent_MARKED.jpg" height="204" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">peta 'Overland Route' berdasarkan keterangan Wikipedia</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk3EKVzGyxRBpiFQ8NaK9zGX-64dezTNoju7upCitWMtJL3tJ45jMJS03X8MF3DL2y7KhAcaXSZC5zkDyo9vdWT8xAzBKCRbRs9gWWymBEwhngQMrkwszPFmIdIKFWkqe5uCa-cRTIuYI/s1600/Golden_UP_overlnd.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk3EKVzGyxRBpiFQ8NaK9zGX-64dezTNoju7upCitWMtJL3tJ45jMJS03X8MF3DL2y7KhAcaXSZC5zkDyo9vdWT8xAzBKCRbRs9gWWymBEwhngQMrkwszPFmIdIKFWkqe5uCa-cRTIuYI/s1600/Golden_UP_overlnd.jpg" height="111" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">model boxcar Yupi dengan logo 'Overland Route' ber-skala 'O'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span class="notranslate">ilustrasi para pekerja imigran dari Cina </span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3s0nyJjPygyjKVR0LRWwn-hLApURuM3624peAGmXBz5XubgQZuvSboRZlYuJbEq6E3W6yr8Q50O_Ebgh-kwSCfgtl4tsEYe9YDg305qfRrlscM1vj4c0ovAQZ9sXamRxv1b5OL1JbaZA/s1600/Chinese_railroad_workers_sierra_nevada.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3s0nyJjPygyjKVR0LRWwn-hLApURuM3624peAGmXBz5XubgQZuvSboRZlYuJbEq6E3W6yr8Q50O_Ebgh-kwSCfgtl4tsEYe9YDg305qfRrlscM1vj4c0ovAQZ9sXamRxv1b5OL1JbaZA/s1600/Chinese_railroad_workers_sierra_nevada.jpg" height="216" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">para imigran asal China dipekerjakan untuk pembangunan jalan kereta api di Sierra Nevada</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="notranslate"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0t-Unp5cJLl-KvCwTIdlgJN2HvcCnfHiN8whHmHGm4-EZ5Of-IhS4HaLI2ztz6zUI7S-DdJh4IwsivDKPnqkcyRetkFCPmPvj3cTSgvLeEhzjUDnBR2R1lBV21Sj8JhMaBfgbDB0PFBk/s1600/Bandjar+Tjiamis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0t-Unp5cJLl-KvCwTIdlgJN2HvcCnfHiN8whHmHGm4-EZ5Of-IhS4HaLI2ztz6zUI7S-DdJh4IwsivDKPnqkcyRetkFCPmPvj3cTSgvLeEhzjUDnBR2R1lBV21Sj8JhMaBfgbDB0PFBk/s1600/Bandjar+Tjiamis.jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">sementara itu di tanah air, bangsa kita pun menjadi korban eksploitasi pembangunan jaringan kereta api</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><br />
<span class="notranslate">kredit foto</span><br />
<span class="notranslate"><a href="http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced/start/12?q_searchfield=bandjar+tjiamis" target="_blank">http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced/start/12?q_searchfield=bandjar+tjiamis</a></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQavc2GevxmwfY38muppqwG-dhiK5QLCH1OO8r_ZXB9LqambTM7k2uBB95bbNQX4jLm3303D8j_BQvOcHtkONWBa9pRl9ud_8O1_2PEz5LbH4LrM8o8M2aV35Z7YcK4ezyIzkN_UNZLvQ/s1600/Kedoengdjati.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQavc2GevxmwfY38muppqwG-dhiK5QLCH1OO8r_ZXB9LqambTM7k2uBB95bbNQX4jLm3303D8j_BQvOcHtkONWBa9pRl9ud_8O1_2PEz5LbH4LrM8o8M2aV35Z7YcK4ezyIzkN_UNZLvQ/s1600/Kedoengdjati.jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">'inlander' pekerja diambil fotonya di stasiun Kedungjati (KEJ) Jawa Tengah</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span class="notranslate">Jaringan kereta api Pacific Railroad ini, pertamakali dibuka secara
resmi pada 10 Mei 1869, ditandai dengan upacara <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_spike&usg=ALkJrhgV3AnWcvrwdpOC2pvrwvHtIv5WWQ" title="Emas lonjakan">"Last Spike"</a> simbolis pemukulan paku emas pada
bantalan rel di Promontory Summit. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jalur
ini membentuk jaringan transportasi mekanis lintas benua yang merevolusi
pemukiman dan perekonomian <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Old_West&usg=ALkJrhiloGidu3U6AWnvgiIRvmpIba83QQ" title="Amerika Old West">Amerika Barat</a> (mungkin juga budaya), dengan ini membuat
negara-negara bagian di wilayah barat menetapkan garis perbatasan yang tegas
dan mengambil profit ke dalam "Union" dan membuat transportasi
penumpang maupun barang menjadi lebih cepat, lebih murah dan jauh lebih
fleksibel dari pantai ke pantai.</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh12qWdQCm7vl4ZJesbtZIkSoFT7teOLLoC_BuqbAAszVyjF47NlGeqDMk_aVpMXiXWSvFVeBoxByrSPPC1oVFPzoE8HfL417CXpy6XgeJTIKCXB-d8ojrAHfJUzKRrcLyZ2-p_1bNd6RE/s1600/Go_First+Transcontinental+Railroad.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh12qWdQCm7vl4ZJesbtZIkSoFT7teOLLoC_BuqbAAszVyjF47NlGeqDMk_aVpMXiXWSvFVeBoxByrSPPC1oVFPzoE8HfL417CXpy6XgeJTIKCXB-d8ojrAHfJUzKRrcLyZ2-p_1bNd6RE/s1600/Go_First+Transcontinental+Railroad.jpg" height="236" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">ritual 'the Last Spike' merupakan moment paling bersejarah dalam perkeretaapian Yuwes</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="notranslate"> </span> <br />
<span class="notranslate">Promontory Summit merupakan daerah dataran tinggi 32
mil (51 km) sebelah barat dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigham_City,_Utah&usg=ALkJrhiOjkRLEAJMBfPkUymLsBN3HMfXaA" title="Brigham City, Utah">Brigham City, Utah</a> , dan 66 mil (106 km) barat
laut dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_Lake_City&usg=ALkJrhjl3tEBQ6X5KjmmqT89y52pSkHiZQ" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a> .</span> <span class="notranslate">Berada
pada <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevation&usg=ALkJrhhz8B37LBL-ETjLvjcrwJtsHqStww" title="Ketinggian">ketinggian</a> 4.902 kaki (1.494 m) di atas <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level&usg=ALkJrhhTkHwoMBo248yF1GrglNf4o54dIA" title="Permukaan laut">permukaan laut</a> , terletak di sebelah utara dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promontory_Mountains&usg=ALkJrhhhHPaWlRFGqZwOgmuHWD-1-QpUYg" title="Gunung Promontory">Pegunungan Promontory</a> dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Salt_Lake&usg=ALkJrhgu1b4MfJuRE3ZvI5XW6P7a6b5Ing" title="Great Salt Lake">Great Salt Lake</a>.</span><br />
<span class="notranslate">Sebutan ‘Overland Route’ menjadi terkenal sejak
tahun 1962 setelah orang lebih tertarik menggunakan layanan angkutan kereta api.
(</span><span class="reference-text">Cooper, Bruce Clement (Ed), <i>The Classic
Western American Railroad Routes</i>. New York: Chartwell Books(US) /
Bassingbourn: Worth Press (UK); 2010. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780785825739">ISBN
978-0-7858-2573-9</a>; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0785825738">ISBN
0-7858-2573-8</a>; BINC: 3099794. pp 44–45).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </span><br />
<span class="reference-text">Sebelum itu, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>penumpang dan barang menggunakan </span><span class="notranslate"><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddle_steamer&usg=ALkJrhiQESZaUC3YksK2tTqxn12zOsYQHA" title="Kapal uap yg beroda">Kapal (ferry) uap </a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang menghubungkan Sacramento ke kota-kota dan
fasilitas pelabuhan di teluk San Francisco hingga 1869, ketika Central Pacific Railroad
(CPRR) selesai dan membuka kelas Western Pacific Railroad ke Alameda dan
Oakland (MP 6 ).</span> <br />
<span class="notranslate"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdatJd-8r6XPPQO381MqnBmAirKUzdyHWoxaP1v7qMR6lhitjPxtcuOrrbHv2xT3Z_SeqpG2ZG13NCROyy2Td2fOQb7BlFgdc324s4JAotJ0-oggC0Wu9prZxSfgpabwxYMAe1lJhAEcI/s1600/GoldenSpike.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdatJd-8r6XPPQO381MqnBmAirKUzdyHWoxaP1v7qMR6lhitjPxtcuOrrbHv2xT3Z_SeqpG2ZG13NCROyy2Td2fOQb7BlFgdc324s4JAotJ0-oggC0Wu9prZxSfgpabwxYMAe1lJhAEcI/s1600/GoldenSpike.jpg" height="69" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">begitu membahana nya moment 'the Last Spike' sehingga dibuatkan model miniaturnya ber-skala HO</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><br />
<span class="notranslate">Pada musim panas tahun 1868, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Pacific_Railroad&usg=ALkJrhiHptJG7A3p0k5EwmFDoyd6cHswiA" title="Central Pacific Railroad">Central Pacific</a> telah menyelesaikan jalur
kereta pertama melalui <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_%28U.S.%29&usg=ALkJrhhF1YGm11Vc1URSMv2CeMn6QMnGKQ" title="Sierra Nevada (AS)">Sierra Nevada</a> dan saat itu bergerak turun menuju
<a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interior_Plains&usg=ALkJrhh9J_dKRd3jcVYVVuAAozelb4KYiQ" title="Interior Plains">Plains Interior</a> dan jalur kereta api dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Pacific&usg=ALkJrhjQBfXvny54YG6jK_blZyXEDSvNaw" title="Union Pacific">Union Pacific</a> .</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Lebih dari 4.000
pekerja, di antaranya dua per tiga adalah imigran <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_American&usg=ALkJrhiL8YAz3dyejntm2dLkdm8YZ7wiQQ" title="Cina Amerika">Cina</a> , telah membangun lebih dari 100 mil (160 km)
dari jalur di ketinggian di atas 7.000 kaki (2.100 m).</span> <span class="notranslate">Pada
bulan Mei 1869, yang ujung rel Union Pacific dan rel kereta api Central Pacific
akhirnya bertemu di Promontory Summit, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah_Territory&usg=ALkJrhgwLohTG7MO-YsjyR5SRdWD6zBf-A" title="Wilayah Utah">Wilayah Utah</a> . <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Seorang
pekerja Cina dan Irlandia khusus yang terpilih hanya butuh 12 jam untuk merampungkan
bagian akhir sejauh 10 mil (16 km) sehingga upacara ‘Last Spike’ dapat
terlaksana (meskipun konon sepat tertunda sehari karena adanya pemogokan). </span><br />
<span class="notranslate">Promontory Summit telah disepakati sebagai titik di
mana kedua ujung rel bertemu dan akan memenuhi pertemuan berikutnya di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C.&usg=ALkJrhh--L70Xw42_QdIiLvTmj4K6isxxg" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a> pada bulan April 1869. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sebuah upacara akan diadakan untuk memperingati
moment yang bersejarah tersebut (the Last Spike).</span> <span class="notranslate">Namun,
tanggal asli tanggal 8 Mei harus ditunda selama dua hari karena cuaca buruk dan
perselisihan perburuhan di sisi Union Pacific.</span> <br />
<span class="notranslate">Pada tanggal 10 Mei, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>untuk
mengantisipasi lancarnya upacara, rangkaian Union Pacific dengan road number
119 dan rangkaian Central Pacific</span> road number <span class="notranslate"><i>60</i> (lebih
dikenal sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_%28locomotive%29&usg=ALkJrhgJpS9f0Zcg7lNmArKS7P6Lx6Ks7g" title="Jupiter (lokomotif)"><i>Jupiter</i></a> ) dibuat berhadap-hadapan di
Promontory Summit, hanya dipisahkan oleh sebuah bantalan rel.</span> <span class="notranslate">Tidak
diketahui berapa banyak orang menghadiri acara tersebut, perkiraan berkisar 500
sampai sebanyak 3.000 pejabat pemerintah dan kereta api dan pekerja track hadir
untuk menyaksikan upacara tersebut.</span><br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnj4-dwEmhQGmr8Tk5drHryzhNkwcunE-RlH8y2NIIaWHZArn0F1zOSUfRkLEbcPvH7Gy1xGCmM4NljrEGdVycv-K9QVHjRsJnBks2FmnoW9uyPtpwzHArBBUOJQbz7-Q9nW2PIkeX2zE/s1600/Gol_lbacu0216.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnj4-dwEmhQGmr8Tk5drHryzhNkwcunE-RlH8y2NIIaWHZArn0F1zOSUfRkLEbcPvH7Gy1xGCmM4NljrEGdVycv-K9QVHjRsJnBks2FmnoW9uyPtpwzHArBBUOJQbz7-Q9nW2PIkeX2zE/s1600/Gol_lbacu0216.jpg" height="120" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">model lokomotif Yupi dengan road number 119 'the Last Spike'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="notranslate">Sejarawan kemudian
berpikir bahwa kurangnya <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Chinese_Americans&usg=ALkJrhipi_NIPH0oIrSFbeZXeTjSgsh0YQ" title="Sejarah Cina Amerika">pekerja Cina</a> terlihat di potret resmi acara
itu karena <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism&usg=ALkJrhgQ0VI_r8Ggqgf-xL7DzOeONfvx1Q" title="Rasisme">rasisme</a> , namun ketidakhadiran mereka adalah karena pada waktu
pelaksanaan upacara tersebut, banyak pekerja pulang ke pondok mereka yang
terletak agak jauh dari lokasi upacara.</span> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Central Pacific
Railroad (CPRR) merupakan jaringan kereta api perintis di Negara Amerika
Serikat (Yuwes) yang menghubungkan California dan Utah dan merupakan
Transcontinental Railroad pertamax di Amerika Utara.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kini menjadi bagian dari jaringan maskapai
kereta api Union Pacific.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Proposal Central
Pacific Railroad baru disahkan oleh Kongres Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1862. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnSKdgnFxYx0zzLdpv0wnxApGkJYd-AgxbpZiqjTa7wX31M-7NU5BdDcufB5e-pkcMwPu2_wwnqDx3ZiGB4sSR8KpHNB7xoK3bumLHPOb6JviNAX0duI-LJgOh0pdf_bw91eG4VHxsBH4/s1600/Go_Central223.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnSKdgnFxYx0zzLdpv0wnxApGkJYd-AgxbpZiqjTa7wX31M-7NU5BdDcufB5e-pkcMwPu2_wwnqDx3ZiGB4sSR8KpHNB7xoK3bumLHPOb6JviNAX0duI-LJgOh0pdf_bw91eG4VHxsBH4/s1600/Go_Central223.jpg" height="111" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">model/ miniatur kereta penumpang Central Pacific Railroad, cikal bakal 'SP' Southern Pacific</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pembiayaan atas pembangunannya melalui " <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dcentral%2Bpacific%2Brailroad%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Djso%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26channel%3Dnp&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Big_Four_%28Central_Pacific_Railroad%29&usg=ALkJrhijNHQ_1i85cNknMrOXXB2gP-tqDw" title="The Big Four (Central Pacific Railroad)">The Big Four</a> "(yang
menyebut diri mereka" The Associates "): Leland Stanford, seorang
pengusaha dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dcentral%2Bpacific%2Brailroad%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Djso%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26channel%3Dnp&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento,_California&usg=ALkJrhiyfEPJXsZmAQl4fvw7iQvCz6L7_w" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento, California</a>, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dcentral%2Bpacific%2Brailroad%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Djso%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26channel%3Dnp&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collis_Huntington&usg=ALkJrhhSFSWhAdE3tidIemqDQIz--8GDpw" title="Collis Huntington">Collis Huntington</a> , <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dcentral%2Bpacific%2Brailroad%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Djso%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26channel%3Dnp&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Crocker&usg=ALkJrhif_c1WUvzZBUsmBAuHpeDH7Ejhgw" title="Charles Crocker">Charles Crocker</a> , dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dcentral%2Bpacific%2Brailroad%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Djso%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26channel%3Dnp&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Hopkins_%28railroad%29&usg=ALkJrhiOTn2J3lAWtIsqBs_LRyCJm-kVyA" title="Mark Hopkins (kereta api)">Mark Hopkins</a> . <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sebagai penanggungjawab konstruksinya : Charles
Crocker, mengerahkan sekitar 12.000 buruh para pekerja dari wilayah Barat yang
terutama terdiri dari <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>imigran <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dcentral%2Bpacific%2Brailroad%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Djso%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26channel%3Dnp&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people&usg=ALkJrhgPHaIvqAB4QyqgQuKuN_1YJKK-1Q" title="Orang-orang Cina">Cina</a> , dieksploitasi oleh Perusahaan Central Pacific
Railroad.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pekerja-pekerja imigran dari
China tersebut, jumlahnya mencapai 90 persen dari seluruh angkatan kerja</span></div>
Pada tahun 1885 Central Pacific Railroad disewa oleh Southern Pacific Company,
dan pada tahun 1959 mereka merger menjadi Southern Pacific. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hingga kini jalur utama (main line) Union
Pacific dan Southern Pacific masih mengukuti jalur bersejarah Overland Route dari
Omaha, Nebraska sampai ke teluk San Fransisco.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigTDwghS4Wg-lya23BfYeb7bNykXYRBHsw6L3hc49tccwXOUvUiOWyqErvVK__MUQwReUD32wSpkGDnvJmJLirt0zmisiuJi4JDowc_uy_af4hZQAGi1zb9dhps8_a2b3wqFD4PgfsIew/s1600/BaldwinForwardCabSP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigTDwghS4Wg-lya23BfYeb7bNykXYRBHsw6L3hc49tccwXOUvUiOWyqErvVK__MUQwReUD32wSpkGDnvJmJLirt0zmisiuJi4JDowc_uy_af4hZQAGi1zb9dhps8_a2b3wqFD4PgfsIew/s1600/BaldwinForwardCabSP.jpg" height="140" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">model lokomotif 'CAB FORWARD' 2-8-8-2 armada Southern Pacific</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Untuk mengenal lebih jauh tentang kereta api mancanegara Eropa (Yurop), mari berkunjung ke <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/lokomotif-lokomotif-mirip-2.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/lokomotif-lokomotif-mirip-2.html</a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Untuk mengenal lebih jauh tentang kereta api mancanegara Amerika (Yuwes), mari kemari <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yuwes.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yuwes.html</a> </span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;">Untuk mengetahui lebih banyak tentang miniatur kereta api Indonesia, mari silahkan <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-indonesia.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-indonesia.html</a> </span> Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-55203870376265714012014-01-19T04:22:00.000-08:002014-01-19T19:53:23.552-08:00SKALA ≠ GAUGE<h2>
<b>SKALA 1/87 versus GAUGE HO</b></h2>
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Kita dapat melihat skala 1/87 yang ajib pada gambar ini <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhfnQV9MM1Oim0tCVUsbl5RPYG4iuWf02PUNfjS_IzyWLbg-gxto3AB9x9BC3leogRpTN3TQdvB4i_sDWhsrsJew5CxVKjmAA9UCKVZECOt8a_YN86Kz173IAwAWIgIZMNZJnjWjYLKNw/s1600/HOnarrow.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhfnQV9MM1Oim0tCVUsbl5RPYG4iuWf02PUNfjS_IzyWLbg-gxto3AB9x9BC3leogRpTN3TQdvB4i_sDWhsrsJew5CxVKjmAA9UCKVZECOt8a_YN86Kz173IAwAWIgIZMNZJnjWjYLKNw/s1600/HOnarrow.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">kedua model lokomotif memiliki skala 1/87</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
kredit foto <a href="http://www3.telus.net/KMR/Pictures/ng%26sglr.JPG" target="_blank">http://www3.telus.net/KMR/Pictures/ng%26sglr.JPG</a> lokomotif kiri dan lokomotif kanan, <span style="font-size: large;"><b>sama-sama</b></span> memiliki skala 1/87 figure masinis memiliki tinggi dan besar yang sama<br />
terlihat jelas bahwa lokomotif di kanan jauh lebih besar daripada lokomotif di kiri<br />
Mari kita perhatikan lebar rel(track) model lokomotif yang besar dan model yang kecil di kiri, ternyata lebar track nya tidak sama, dan ini yang disebut dengan GAUGE<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwu0MnhrHd7kNcCQHJUOX98BgxIAoHLctznd687OTak4TRk5vAvdPBmbqNVRTj0zhQ78jQjWkfIJMuG2bwrFA9NihaXi5lI-zdAt_5Fm9P_lodWkvpvsj7PpDB1ATVCXz9WAvNIhQRVIs/s1600/Train-sex.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwu0MnhrHd7kNcCQHJUOX98BgxIAoHLctznd687OTak4TRk5vAvdPBmbqNVRTj0zhQ78jQjWkfIJMuG2bwrFA9NihaXi5lI-zdAt_5Fm9P_lodWkvpvsj7PpDB1ATVCXz9WAvNIhQRVIs/s1600/Train-sex.jpg" height="194" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">penjelasan yang cukup indah tentang GAUGE</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhniCVDqDYznv395c3HjHE2StL5Mkzd6wSkodEkLnQZnsbvVF__Fum7cn-HcNxLLkdwysezfcHRSHjKt9aXiTREqFBGPka3O5q04eOF6VTIaU70cViDUX6nQv9jzGRA59pn59-nYEkQrbU/s1600/gauge.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhniCVDqDYznv395c3HjHE2StL5Mkzd6wSkodEkLnQZnsbvVF__Fum7cn-HcNxLLkdwysezfcHRSHjKt9aXiTREqFBGPka3O5q04eOF6VTIaU70cViDUX6nQv9jzGRA59pn59-nYEkQrbU/s1600/gauge.jpg" height="179" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">penjelasan teknis GAUGE</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Gauge adalah jarak bersih di antara dua batang rel kereta api (track dalam model kereta api)<br />
dari penggambaran di atas, kita dapat memahami, bahwa untuk model-model kereta api berskala sama, BISA memiliki gauge yang BERBEDA<br />
Dapat dimengerti bahwa model-model kereta api dengan skala 1/87 <span style="font-size: large;"><b>tidak</b></span> selalu mempunyai gauge HO (gauge HO memiliki pengertian gauge standar untuk skala 1/87)<br />
Di bawah ini ada perbedaan <span style="font-size: large;"><b>(selisih)</b></span> gauge standar dengan gauge narrow (sempit) dalam dunia kereta api atau model kereta api<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcOMCZL38C6jrgkm1HUfhWifqBFlj6SqdBqBr3dEr3qtCgQEmEJ9mE8yWGO8aN1HraxjC18y8YkGLls6oAoFZ304DcAoLUSQVJVyPEdxVkbTFIILKSE682hTJSwHQhgjtfn27Wa2kJaOU/s1600/gauge_and_one_common_narrow_gauge_rail_spacing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcOMCZL38C6jrgkm1HUfhWifqBFlj6SqdBqBr3dEr3qtCgQEmEJ9mE8yWGO8aN1HraxjC18y8YkGLls6oAoFZ304DcAoLUSQVJVyPEdxVkbTFIILKSE682hTJSwHQhgjtfn27Wa2kJaOU/s1600/gauge_and_one_common_narrow_gauge_rail_spacing.jpg" height="87" width="320" /></a></div>
lebar gauge standar Internasional (diakui sebagai standar baku) adalah 1435mm. dan gauge tersebut dipakai di negara-negara maju seperti Amerika Serikat, negara-negara Eropa (secara mayor) di samping itu termasuk Jepang dan Australia.<br />
Lebar gauge di luar 1435mm. ada yang lebih lebar maupun lebih sempit, dan yang lebih sempit dari 1435mm. dinamakan gauge <span style="font-size: large;"><b>NARROW <span style="font-size: small;">(sempit)</span></b></span>.<br />
Gauge 'narrow' sendiri memiliki range antara 1200mm. sampai 500mm. dan aplikasinya ber-ragamm di tiap-tiap negara. Kebetulan rel kereta api di Indonesia menggunakan gauge narrow 1067mm. yang dahulu sebenarnya merupakan gauge <b>tramweg</b> atau kereta tram (kereta dalam kota, kereta jarak pendek atau menengah) kecuali untuk kereta api lori tebu, menggunakan gauge 600mm.<br />
Berikut gambaran tentang lebar track terhadap roda model kereta api yang berbeda untuk skala 1/87 (HO) <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT5l5sy1Pmm9wVdqFyVRF5onl-Oh4IJzJvlu5mYGvJ3Yf1s97cLpodoFrJn0fWr5NwVwuJ5cgPHZaPnBztXxynwCKwLO9Y5ksUedg4uN29hFtM9-DUe6WBDHRYAcAIYCoDIzJ0lq_vR_o/s1600/HOe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT5l5sy1Pmm9wVdqFyVRF5onl-Oh4IJzJvlu5mYGvJ3Yf1s97cLpodoFrJn0fWr5NwVwuJ5cgPHZaPnBztXxynwCKwLO9Y5ksUedg4uN29hFtM9-DUe6WBDHRYAcAIYCoDIzJ0lq_vR_o/s1600/HOe.jpg" height="300" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">perbandingan bogie gauge standard, track 'N' dan track HOe</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
track sebelah kiri (bantalan hitam) merupakan track untuk model kereta api ber-skala 'N' dan track kanan (bantalan krem) merupakan track untuk model kereta api ber-skala HO dengan gauge 9mm. (dinamakan HOe atau HOn30 atau HOn2½) menunjukkan adanya perbedaan GAUGE pada skala HO (1/87). Track untuk HOe atau HOn30 atau HOn2½ memiliki gauge yang sama dengan model kereta api <span style="font-size: large;"><b>gauge standar</b></span> berskala 'N'. (skala HO adalah 1/87 dan skala N adalah 1/160) Gauge standard untuk model kereta berskala 'N' adalah 9mm.<br />
Yang membedakan adalah <u>lebar bantalan dan jarak kerapatan</u> antara bantalan, track kiri dan track kanan berbeda, karena memang masing-masing melayani skala yang berbeda. Namun gauge keduanya sama-sama 9mm. <br />
sumber gambar : <a href="http://www.railroad- line.com/forum/data/Dutchman/200921818754_TestTrack2a.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.railroad- line.com/forum/data/Dutchma/200921818754_TestTrack2a.jpg</a><br />
<h2>
</h2>
<h2>
</h2>
<h2>
TENTANG SKALA </h2>
<span style="color: #cc0000;">Semua miniatur merupakan obyek yang dikecilkan (diperkecil) proporsional dari obyek yang sebenarnya (**dalam bahasa Inggris sering disebut 'scaled down').</span> Proporsional artinya mencakup semua dimensi (panjang - lebar -tinggi). Sedangkan angka faktor perkecilan ini yang dinamakan dengan skala, dinyatakan dengan pecahan, berpembilang '1' sebagai object yang sesungguhnya (misal : 1/10; 1/32; 1/43; 1/64; 1/72; 1/100 dan seterusnya) Arti dari skala 1/10 : miniatur tersebut diperkecil proporsional 1/10 dari object yang aseli, lebarnya juga 1/10, tingginya juga 1/10, panjang nya juga 1/10 dibandingkan dengan object sesungguhnya. Sebuah kotak yang ber-ukuran tinggi 10cm. lebar 20cm. panjangnya 50cm. pada miniatur skala 1/10 lebarnya akan menjadi 1cm. panjang 2cm. dan lebar 5cm. (**semua diperoleh dari tinggi 10cm. x 1/10 - lebar 20cm. x 1/10 - panjang 50cm. x 1/100) demikian seterusnya.<br />
<br />
Wiki (Wikipedia) mencatat skala 'O' pertamax dipakai oleh pabrik kamod paling senior : 'märklin' pada kisaran tahun 1900, dan hingga tahun 1930-an skala 'O' masih sangat populer di kalangan kamoder Yuwes (Amrik, Amerika).<br />
Gauge rel kereta api standard pada skala ft adalah 4ft 8½inch atau 56½inch (**pada sistem Feet, 1ft habis terbagi 12inch. dan pembagian terkecil dari 1inch adalah 1/64) pada skala milimeter ini menjadi 1435mm.<br />
Gauge pada skala 'O' adalah 1,181inch ~ 1,3inch dan 1,3inch ini adalah 43,5 bagian (tepatnya 43,46153846153846) dari 56½inch atau dengan kata lain gauge skala 'O' merupakan 1:43,5 dari realscale (gauge sebenarnya)<br />
Gauge pada skala HO ('Half O') merupakan ½ dari gauge 'O' atau dalam desimal menjadi 0,65inch (penulisan sistem inch yang benar bukan dengan desimal, melainkan menggunakan angka pecahan)<br />
Sementara penyebutan dari skala 'O' adalah berasal dari <span style="font-size: large;"><b>gauge 0</b></span> yang artinya : bahwa skala tersebut <span style="font-size: large;"><b>lebih kecil</b></span> dari skala 1 (gauge 1). Gauge 1 - yang populer di awal abad20 - memiliki gauge 1¾inch atau dalam unit metric terbaca 44,45mm. Terhadap object gauge standard Internasional skala real, Gauge 1 memiliki perbandingan skala 1/32<br />
<br />
derivasi pada skala HO (1/87)<br />
<br />
gauge HO = 16,5 milimeter (±mewakili gauge 1435mm. 56½inch pada realscale)<br />
gauge HOn3½ = 12 milimeter (± mewakili gauge 1060mm. atau 42 inch pd realscale)<br />
gauge HOm = 12 milimeter (idem)<br />
gauge HOn3 = 10,5 milimeter (± mewakili gauge 914mm. atau 36 inch pada realscale)<br />
gauge HOn30 = 9 milimeter (± mewakili gauge 800mm. atau 31½inch pada realscale)<br />
gauge HOn2½ = 9 milimeter (idem)<br />
gauge HOe = 9 milimeter (idem)<br />
<br />
untuk mengenal lebih jauh tentang model kereta api mancanegara, anda dapat berkunjung ke <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yurop.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yurop.html</a> dan untuk pengenalan lebih dalam tentang model miniatur kereta api Indonesia, silahkan ke <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-indonesia.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-indonesia.html</a> dan kunjungi juga halaman-halaman yang lainnya, selamat menikmati dan<br />
<br />
-terimakasih- Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-87863924236496019032014-01-18T23:35:00.000-08:002014-01-21T16:56:51.176-08:00MINIATUR, KERETA API, ARSITEKTUR, RUANG PUBLIK dan SEJARAH (2)<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">MENGENAL GEDUNG KERETA API BEKEN DENGAN ARSITEKTURNYA</span></span></b><br />
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STASIUN GARE DU NORD di Paris<br />
Stasiun ini melayani sekitar 180 juta traveler setiap tahun. Gare du Nord di Paris, Prancis menjadi stasiun tersibuk di Eropa dan kedua di dunia.<br />
Stasiun Gare du Nord dianggap sebagai stasiun terbesar kedua di Eropa dengan jumlah total 44 peron.<br />
Gare du Nord melayani kereta MRT-nya Paris yang disebut Metro, kereta antar kota Reseau Express Regional (RER) dan merangkap terminal bus. Gare du Nord juga melayani kereta peluru lintas negara antara lain ke Jerman, Belgia, Inggris dan Belanda.<br />
Stasiun Gare Du Nord melayani lalulintas kereta api di Perantjis Utara, menghubungkan langsung dengan kereta-kereta relasi Belgia, Jerman, Belanda dan United Kingdom. Stasiun ini dibangun pada periode <span style="font-size: large;"><b>1861~1864 </b></span>lebih muda dari stasiun Gare de l'Est dan dirancang oleh arsitek aseli Perantjis : Jacques Hittorff dengan unsur gaya Beaux Art dan neoklasik yang kental.<br />
Stasiun Gare Du Nord ini dibangun hampir bersamaan dengan pencangkulan pertama pekerjaan jaringan kereta api di Jawa, jalur <b>Semarang bij Tangoeng</b> di Jawa diresmikan pembangunannya oleh Gubernur Jenderal Ludolph Anne Jan Wilt Baron Sloet van Beele.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqVk4VRBG3XdDSSA_fkywi5s314Ek0yidz-dac_oP4_qzL1Xr_75G-479kcesQzsMIpofIjhM7vDMz_4-VICk7ETqY80y-0hFFpCdK2METNii1jbrRL9bApEBqF7PPgcLCpIyuSBg1Vjw/s1600/gare-du-nord-facade.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqVk4VRBG3XdDSSA_fkywi5s314Ek0yidz-dac_oP4_qzL1Xr_75G-479kcesQzsMIpofIjhM7vDMz_4-VICk7ETqY80y-0hFFpCdK2METNii1jbrRL9bApEBqF7PPgcLCpIyuSBg1Vjw/s1600/gare-du-nord-facade.jpg" height="207" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stasiun beken skala Yurop : Gare Du Nord</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Stasiun Gare Du Nord sebetulnya pertamax dibuka pada tahun 1846 (**tepatnya 14 Juni 1846). Stasiun yang dibangun oleh <b>Chemin de Fer du Nord</b> ini kemudian seiring waktu dirasa sudah tidak layak untuk menampung kesibukan lalulintas kereta api di Perantjis Utara, kemudian dirobohkan dan dibangun stasiun Gare Du Nord yang lebih besar seperti yang ada saat ini.<br />
Gambar diambil dari : <a href="http://www.about-paris.com/images/gare-du-nord-facade.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.about-paris.com/images/gare-du-nord-facade.jpg</a> <br />
<br />
Delapan dari sembilan patung yang paling megah, yang menjadi mahkota bangunan sepanjang garis cornice, menggambarkan tujuan di luar Perancis, dengan patung ke sembilan yang berada pada pusatnya menggambarkan kota Paris di tengah. Empat belas patung yang lebih sederhana yang mewakili kota-kota di utara Perancis berjajar lebih rendah pada façade.<br />
Peresmian Jaringan Kereta Api pertama di Jawa<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt_xbNXDCVqj4cDECLY8kTgg9usSmo6tvIe-OpSPbksvRX498XUovzpCsgL2IuFc2ktLicVeN_ezRv6hG_N_uNf90rQveyTIQx8g6jkjn4TkKJt1ViVyy7DMcyWVLMo-NhfQRsOGC-lvs/s1600/Tangoeng_txt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt_xbNXDCVqj4cDECLY8kTgg9usSmo6tvIe-OpSPbksvRX498XUovzpCsgL2IuFc2ktLicVeN_ezRv6hG_N_uNf90rQveyTIQx8g6jkjn4TkKJt1ViVyy7DMcyWVLMo-NhfQRsOGC-lvs/s1600/Tangoeng_txt.jpg" height="168" width="320" /></a></div>
peresmian halte Tangoeng kredit foto : <a href="http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/start/37?f_trefwoord[0]=railway+stations" target="_blank">http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/start/37?f_trefwoord[0]=railway+stations</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn0q6OiSBEwK44MTi7lOQb0KgQAKxFFTxGg9uYaMQeXLOIcEyrXnEI1rtXCjHTotX5Tuw98FEGh4NfWkjeKRWP4AOYQ4cjRgisfByt2bB3WM56kTf7dFjEZAy9HPFXlVHKvdw_hDTNHM8/s1600/gare-du-nord-int.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn0q6OiSBEwK44MTi7lOQb0KgQAKxFFTxGg9uYaMQeXLOIcEyrXnEI1rtXCjHTotX5Tuw98FEGh4NfWkjeKRWP4AOYQ4cjRgisfByt2bB3WM56kTf7dFjEZAy9HPFXlVHKvdw_hDTNHM8/s1600/gare-du-nord-int.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></div>
Pilar-pilar pendukung atap peron stasiun Gare Du Nord didatangkan langsung dari pusat industri besi tempa Alston & Gourley di Glasgow (UK) Kredit foto : <a href="http://www.chouquette.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/gare-du-nord.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.chouquette.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/gare-du-nord.jpg</a> <br />
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Stasiun Gare Du Nord merupakan <i><b>stasiun 'terminus'</b></i> atau 'Kop Station' kemudian mengingatkan saya pada stasiun SAMARANG (konon stasiun kereta api pertamax di tanah air)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvcSmJ5fzYvtN5k6AiEN5mpuL5-z72ZtMWwm-QLqJHy_PzEzCqwHmmL721VDIOAZ6Qk9QFlBGLQV30RbNQ51mU6lciKkyi3Xo2yUqAx249LQDmPKMQjKR37kqKugY2ZoJgGPhUywWjKs/s1600/1905+NIS.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHvcSmJ5fzYvtN5k6AiEN5mpuL5-z72ZtMWwm-QLqJHy_PzEzCqwHmmL721VDIOAZ6Qk9QFlBGLQV30RbNQ51mU6lciKkyi3Xo2yUqAx249LQDmPKMQjKR37kqKugY2ZoJgGPhUywWjKs/s1600/1905+NIS.jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguH8TunQlKCsQRB1DPfuAffGOk7KV2q1-ZJI57rCA6dP_0WMExEt-1G7vQqSp-xsz52VWR8Cpb2UHy2Qm_uwRORYxI-ek-t1vQDSNUPfLmDfOxXpSJCaBAI9lUKp8vjGCalViP9jWbF7Q/s1600/Trein+naar+Soerakarta+op+het+eerste+station+van+de+Nederlandsch-Indische+Spoorweg+Maatschapppij+te+Semarang+met+links+het+eindpunt+van+de+Samarang+Joana+Stoomtram-Maatschappij+(1905)b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguH8TunQlKCsQRB1DPfuAffGOk7KV2q1-ZJI57rCA6dP_0WMExEt-1G7vQqSp-xsz52VWR8Cpb2UHy2Qm_uwRORYxI-ek-t1vQDSNUPfLmDfOxXpSJCaBAI9lUKp8vjGCalViP9jWbF7Q/s1600/Trein+naar+Soerakarta+op+het+eerste+station+van+de+Nederlandsch-Indische+Spoorweg+Maatschapppij+te+Semarang+met+links+het+eindpunt+van+de+Samarang+Joana+Stoomtram-Maatschappij+(1905)b.jpg" height="314" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stasiun terminus 'SAMARANG' 1870</td></tr>
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dan juga stasiun 'Boekit Doeri'<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5HyGm456bLiVrwKnWf0dVWo7Sbe_3LwQPgFd6FI2YAQvUiYXtaFQzE-IL787nqYG0PrHHXctJIhNcpI-Cpg9k4uodkOVJqyja9PLvJIIkK6dVCSYhHGLWHHGYp_BjuFmJoBEWiO6RH10/s1600/Meester_Cornelis1910(4).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5HyGm456bLiVrwKnWf0dVWo7Sbe_3LwQPgFd6FI2YAQvUiYXtaFQzE-IL787nqYG0PrHHXctJIhNcpI-Cpg9k4uodkOVJqyja9PLvJIIkK6dVCSYhHGLWHHGYp_BjuFmJoBEWiO6RH10/s1600/Meester_Cornelis1910(4).jpg" height="207" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stasiun N.I.S 'Boekit Doeri Passer'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Stasiun 'Boekit Doeri Passer' adalah stasiun 'Nederlandsch Indischë Spoorweg Maatschappij' yang juga merupakan <i><b>stasiun terminus</b></i>. Stasiun yang sekarang menjadi DEPO KRL BUKIT DURI ini dulu sering keliru disangka orang stasiun Jatinegara (JNG). Stasiun yang kita kenal sebagai stasiun Jatinegara, adalah stasiun Staatsspoorwegen yang lebih baru dari stasiun 'Boekit Doeri Passer'<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgecaLUDvW5LDQ5H0OJBwnYI6BSCbsdYcLx7x5-6mci1y8e87snUQr_8M8ko0G8Ml16EMFFr4sH3eKaj2-SDQSVLeu7dmgkjo01bkUp2oWivSPWLEvEyfVHkdN87SBAvuaYnYy2C9Ds1WU/s1600/Meester_Cornelis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgecaLUDvW5LDQ5H0OJBwnYI6BSCbsdYcLx7x5-6mci1y8e87snUQr_8M8ko0G8Ml16EMFFr4sH3eKaj2-SDQSVLeu7dmgkjo01bkUp2oWivSPWLEvEyfVHkdN87SBAvuaYnYy2C9Ds1WU/s1600/Meester_Cornelis.jpg" height="204" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">ujung stasiun 'Boekit Doeri Passer' - Meester Cornelis terlihat dari belokan sungai Ciliwung</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
karena bekennya, sisi utara stasiun kereta api di <span style="font-size: large;"><b>Bandung</b></span> juga ikut menggunakan nama 'Gare Du Nord'<br />
<br />
<h2>
<span style="color: #cc0000;"><b>Artikel ini merupakan artikel lanjutan dari</b></span> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang.html</a></h2>
<h2>
<b>STASIUN GARE DE L'EST</b> </h2>
Stasiun Gare de l'Est dibuka pada tahun 1849 (ini 18 tahun sebelum pembukaan jalur Samarang~Tangoeng di pulau Jawa) - oleh Compagnie des chemins de fer de l'Est (**sebuah maskapai perkeretaapian perintis di Perantjis).<br />
Stasiun ini merupakan stasiun paling sepuh di Perantjis. Stasiun tersebut dibangun dengan arsitektur abad 18 yang masih dipengaruhi oleh gaya-gaya Beaux Arts<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLDujrPRpCJxrjw_5wOKN4GN2lbmV10wyfjgTHKrC1pEjLxZKBOKOLw-uzDD5ASVB-Ad_oGumCyb8bQXIC2j3orB1NWGfl5E9qqqDNaWDidLh3OcoYdpKtYc0vGK7pUycn480hv_ILT7c/s1600/gare-l-est-243179-1a16989.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLDujrPRpCJxrjw_5wOKN4GN2lbmV10wyfjgTHKrC1pEjLxZKBOKOLw-uzDD5ASVB-Ad_oGumCyb8bQXIC2j3orB1NWGfl5E9qqqDNaWDidLh3OcoYdpKtYc0vGK7pUycn480hv_ILT7c/s1600/gare-l-est-243179-1a16989.jpg" height="212" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stasiun Gare de l'Est tahun 1883</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Stasiun Gare de l'Est berada tak seberapa jauh dari stasiun Gare Du Nord, masih di kecamatan <i>10th arrondissement </i>di kota Paris. Kredit foto : <a href="http://img26.xooimage.com/files/8/7/7/gare-l-est-243179-1a16989.jpg" target="_blank">http://img26.xooimage.com/files/8/7/7/gare-l-est-243179-1a16989.jpg</a><br />
Dan sama seperti stasiun Gare Du Nord, stasiun Gare de l'Est merupakan stasiun terminus (kopstation, -bayangkan stasiun SAMARANG-, stasiun pertamax di Indonesia/ Nederlandsch Indischë).<br />
(kredit foto : <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPA4h7AdypMpwxKpi80R_e3XNLEKGivxHSbY0McM6FqObnjcsFQcx8W46eShm_9bE1KHHQjSFeJEoLCctcu56g3AAB1aeYtyvC21sezkAfU5hXAU1N7B0hN7ycMD-7jMhc0q2NB5AfhIFv/s1600/GARE-DE-L-EST.jpg" target="_blank">https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPA4h7AdypMpwxKpi80R_e3XNLEKGivxHSbY0McM6FqObnjcsFQcx8W46eShm_9bE1KHHQjSFeJEoLCctcu56g3AAB1aeYtyvC21sezkAfU5hXAU1N7B0hN7ycMD-7jMhc0q2NB5AfhIFv/s1600/GARE-DE-L-EST.jpg</a>) - Juga seperti Gare Du Nord, stasiun Gare de l'Est mengalami reno besar-besaran pada tahun 1885 dan 1900 karena tuntutan kebutuhan, tingkat layanan yang semakin tinggi. Hari bersejarah adalah 4 Oktober 1883, di mana terjadi pemberangkatan pertamax Kereta api Agatha Christie : 'Orient Express' dengan tujuan Istambul - Turki.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDzOPGd_U3wL4a4aLyezNOkT5NW5NUc7AiqFBUb9U2rIbEGCgzOVaqbEhtYxGlPOS_1QRkdMNSClvVyrWr-2WJooxTYZHNafCjFs-NIsPlOXjOcFNgvFsEqZtnteQ9-DDadZxtNhK2obA/s1600/GARE-DE-L-EST.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDzOPGd_U3wL4a4aLyezNOkT5NW5NUc7AiqFBUb9U2rIbEGCgzOVaqbEhtYxGlPOS_1QRkdMNSClvVyrWr-2WJooxTYZHNafCjFs-NIsPlOXjOcFNgvFsEqZtnteQ9-DDadZxtNhK2obA/s1600/GARE-DE-L-EST.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">stasiun Gare de l'Est sekarang</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGhbg75mS5d8NxLLMjUimsEsmqCAGK47cyGIAIwlLyDNExO-UERkd9LzIryMWZApfUqx6VRisFfIRssyirS9B5PWaxmulvNSn-YJezwIcF9Z06pj-wTuNGebxSztW9D7nhGN0h32ZkwNw/s1600/KMP_orient-express100tahun.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGhbg75mS5d8NxLLMjUimsEsmqCAGK47cyGIAIwlLyDNExO-UERkd9LzIryMWZApfUqx6VRisFfIRssyirS9B5PWaxmulvNSn-YJezwIcF9Z06pj-wTuNGebxSztW9D7nhGN0h32ZkwNw/s1600/KMP_orient-express100tahun.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">KMP-nya CIWL 'Orient Express' yang sudah berusia 1 abad</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Kereta Api tidur mewah 'Orient Express' adalah salah satu layanan andalan Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits (CIWL) yang didirikan oleh Georges Nagelmackers (1874). - Sebelum Perang Dunia I , CIWL memegang monopoli menjadi satu-satunya kelompok yang melayani kebutuhan wisatawan kereta api internasional. Perusahaan ini memperkenalkan layanan terkenal, seperti Orient Express , Nord expresc , dan Sud express dan diperluas ke pasar luar Eropa termasuk melayani Transsibérien seluruh Rusia.<br />
<br />
<b>HOFDKANTOOR VAN DE NEDERLANDSCH INDISCHË SPOORWEG MAATSCHAPPIJ TE SEMARANG</b><br />
<br />
Dari Paris - Perantjis, kita menuju kota Semarang di Jawa Tengah<br />
27 Februari 1904, adalah awal pembangunan <b>LAWANG SEWU</b>, - kantor pusat Perusahan Kereta Api Swasta NIS (Hofdkantoor van de Nederlandsch Indischë Spoorweg Maatschappij).<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM_at2fumzDcbNpYYtElHAeu4i8Q57t4-qPjHRlEMhGojjbk21zIuaRlpeYzSIi7Pto6hNx4BE74cPebuLWXCCW5y4eUyHUwBU1Njmj_q2kiu2WLa948mKfzvzlUbFHCXtJFaiOvkGKQg/s1600/2013-11-24+08.26.58text.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM_at2fumzDcbNpYYtElHAeu4i8Q57t4-qPjHRlEMhGojjbk21zIuaRlpeYzSIi7Pto6hNx4BE74cPebuLWXCCW5y4eUyHUwBU1Njmj_q2kiu2WLa948mKfzvzlUbFHCXtJFaiOvkGKQg/s1600/2013-11-24+08.26.58text.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
Gedung 'Lawang Sewu' dirancang oleh <span style="font-size: large;"><b>Prof. Jacob F. Klinkhamer</b></span> (TH Delft) dan B.J. Ouendag, arsitek yang
berdomisili di Amsterdam. Seluruh proses perancangan dilakukan di Negeri
Belanda, baru kemudian gambar-gambar dibawa ke kota Semarang.<br />
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh97uz98wp0ZmXSDfUu23dpU6_qp6DDI-hGTYSii0wvueACJsy00HLv5xlswK9k47nnEizhyphenhyphenuA4w_kbRmr-pb46G739kx7zmKcTRNsyFwKb0slubWQlrxxMM_eApEWZIdYfvpPfFU95dFE/s1600/2013-11-24+08.26.27.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh97uz98wp0ZmXSDfUu23dpU6_qp6DDI-hGTYSii0wvueACJsy00HLv5xlswK9k47nnEizhyphenhyphenuA4w_kbRmr-pb46G739kx7zmKcTRNsyFwKb0slubWQlrxxMM_eApEWZIdYfvpPfFU95dFE/s1600/2013-11-24+08.26.27.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lawang Sewu (dok. pribadi)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
terlihat dari jalan Pemuda (Bodjongweg)<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi39fCEHYF9JwSx5d6fHLEpKGCxJD246S9FR-e7PwO59Ct8fk7CPEzhbG1rTy9IaZ135lheFoZGxKWsMMs7vGG0H6WyEACNDT1eD0CL6E9pQ3H7cembI3Gxdj6jEdtSs_qqpe5HQnX2yXE/s1600/2013-11-24+08.27.40.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi39fCEHYF9JwSx5d6fHLEpKGCxJD246S9FR-e7PwO59Ct8fk7CPEzhbG1rTy9IaZ135lheFoZGxKWsMMs7vGG0H6WyEACNDT1eD0CL6E9pQ3H7cembI3Gxdj6jEdtSs_qqpe5HQnX2yXE/s1600/2013-11-24+08.27.40.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lawang Sewu 2013 (dok. pribadi)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Melihat
dari cetak biru Lawang Sewu tertulis bahwa site plan dan denah bangunan
ini telah digambar di Amsterdam pada tahun 1903. Begitu pula kelengkapan
gambar kerjanya dibuat dan ditandatangi di Amsterdam tahun 1903<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG9YzPYJOLJbevSVks5rufK9hw6fBqzReqlVjVBWUj3fXBanFY2SkO1XuGKND03ZwY80eejPFeM4ExN4IOpfrUbNEIBk1xchDGgJCkWwwZxIIczNTY8ScKsNN1I3drT11KNAvtMhc5O8s/s1600/1930+Lawangsewu(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG9YzPYJOLJbevSVks5rufK9hw6fBqzReqlVjVBWUj3fXBanFY2SkO1XuGKND03ZwY80eejPFeM4ExN4IOpfrUbNEIBk1xchDGgJCkWwwZxIIczNTY8ScKsNN1I3drT11KNAvtMhc5O8s/s1600/1930+Lawangsewu(2).jpg" height="167" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="contentheading detail">
<span style="font-size: small;">Foto Lawang Sewu circa 1930 - sumber : <a href="http://media- kitlv.nl/image/e55853b1-d3e9-45b1-9cba-a97bc1ec6ea8" target="_blank">http://media- kitlv.nl/image/e55853b1-d3e9-45b1-9cba-a97bc1ec6ea8</a></span></div>
<div class="contentheading detail">
<br /></div>
<div class="contentheading detail">
<b>KANTOR ADMINISTRASI SEMARANG - JOANNA STOOMTRAM MAATSCHAPPIJ</b></div>
<div class="contentheading detail">
tidak seperti kantor <b> </b>Nederlandsch Indischë Spoorweg Maatschappij (Lawang Sewu) yang sampai kini masih bersih terawat, bekas kantor administrasi perusahaan swasta pengelola kereta tram Semarang-Yuwana (SJS - Semarang Joanna Stoomtram Maatschappij) kondisinya mengenaskan</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7KdJ19k1efXFj6U2vVaMGhf6Vw3xdBQ_kFAXj7wmDbJ9aRGiDoGNrtqQFNbx-zx-qxlbIwm9ea1HmtRc_cH5qterl3k_WbdCpHDhO69QmEH4tFMAN5yoR3k6mSDKrUyhZNhENfsPgp8M/s1600/2013-11-24+13.39.20.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7KdJ19k1efXFj6U2vVaMGhf6Vw3xdBQ_kFAXj7wmDbJ9aRGiDoGNrtqQFNbx-zx-qxlbIwm9ea1HmtRc_cH5qterl3k_WbdCpHDhO69QmEH4tFMAN5yoR3k6mSDKrUyhZNhENfsPgp8M/s1600/2013-11-24+13.39.20.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">dokumentasi pribadi</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="contentheading detail">
tampak depan </div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsM1LMgugs8GHsc5_8ph4tKbnyB6V3wEa614IrD2Q-4D5ZergXaVhvUTVouAQy0Ks8781loVh9OHDnMUH9rOmhO8z-eJaX6wP3lwewJvw5PcT9onlIrjnY22t0TzZojZ4Ai3QRGzUj4aI/s1600/2013-11-24+13.42.25.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsM1LMgugs8GHsc5_8ph4tKbnyB6V3wEa614IrD2Q-4D5ZergXaVhvUTVouAQy0Ks8781loVh9OHDnMUH9rOmhO8z-eJaX6wP3lwewJvw5PcT9onlIrjnY22t0TzZojZ4Ai3QRGzUj4aI/s1600/2013-11-24+13.42.25.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">dokumentasi pribadi</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
tampak dari ujung jalan Ronggowarsito<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG6aa97SRt0YHQ9dONqRQUx4zh4RCndiHLlocj274nZPVOWGaw4_xcBYvqw7GaZ2NeKxsTYOgZj3NlCfhx2fy8Z7FqISz-HgxZoVGXVTrLkB3N1UDlliJyqSap-9Z7K0LfmMtEGFx541o/s1600/2013-11-24+13.43.38.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG6aa97SRt0YHQ9dONqRQUx4zh4RCndiHLlocj274nZPVOWGaw4_xcBYvqw7GaZ2NeKxsTYOgZj3NlCfhx2fy8Z7FqISz-HgxZoVGXVTrLkB3N1UDlliJyqSap-9Z7K0LfmMtEGFx541o/s1600/2013-11-24+13.43.38.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">dokumentasi pribadi</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
padahal dahulu daerah ini merupakan kawasan yang sejuk dan rindang <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfR99dmxYWa5TogSReSvvb4Ouav4Xny2pbqqHzeLCa9p310sR019GNdYwwjSqi__-JEjiuYig0yDz9qspl7DflpgPJAfjC5am3ZFX0siGo5vLxkCJwO8fgmNieMm11Ek6Y7e943V-WglQ/s1600/DSC00625+re.jpg" target="_blank">https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfR99dmxYWa5TogSReSvvb4Ouav4Xny2pbqqHzeLCa9p310sR019GNdYwwjSqi__-JEjiuYig0yDz9qspl7DflpgPJAfjC5am3ZFX0siGo5vLxkCJwO8fgmNieMm11Ek6Y7e943V-WglQ/s1600/DSC00625+re.jpg </a><br />
<br />
spot KITLV.nl<br />
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Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-82638915682267075942014-01-18T09:08:00.001-08:002014-01-26T15:25:14.348-08:00SUSUNAN RODA LOKOMOTIF UAP dan BALADA LOKOMOTIF C53<h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Pembacaan Susunan Roda Lokomotif Uap secara WHYTE</span></span></h2>
Lokomotif uap (steam locomotive, dampflok) dapat dikenali dari susunan rodanya. Ada dua metode yang umum dipakai untuk membaca susunan (arrangement) roda-roda pada lokomotif uap, yakni cara AAR (Association of American Railroad) dan pembacaan Whyte.<br />
Metode pembacaan berdasarkan susunan roda ini dibuat oleh Frederick Methvan Whyte <span class="notranslate">(2 Maret 1865-1941) seorang insinyur mekanik asal <b>Belanda</b> </span><span class="notranslate"><span class="notranslate">yang bekerja untuk <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Central&usg=ALkJrhgK9m7d834mj2b_ImMq18tYMbuhYw" title="New York Central">New York Central</a> di <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States&usg=ALkJrhh5LI2kORy2BT3InQYZAzz6wTKuYw" title="AS">Amerika Serikat</a> .</span> <span class="notranslate">Frederick Methvan Whyte dikenal sebagai orang yang mengembangkan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whyte_notation&usg=ALkJrhggPTkBMly2nVYGCopVgHU12mG-eg" title="Notasi Whyte">notasi Whyte</a> untuk menggambarkan berbagai susunan roda dari <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_locomotive&usg=ALkJrhgd19UMjkt53bj-Ji6nCVsYK48acw" title="Lokomotif uap">lokomotif uap</a> pada tahun 1900.</span></span><br />
Berikut adalah ilustrasi pembacaan susunan roda lokomotif uap secara Whyte yang diunggah dari <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Locotypes.gif" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Locotypes.gif</a><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCUzJD0KttKChU3SeXOa_97wFIxNg4-kbKQVOfHc5vcEBlaQX7RDHKqHG8VdQKqayDOAFbV_eiieLic1PFBCsA5SJ5jvIsudpKJLEkMNTyQdLZiiY0t0zF_Bxv-qpPzjKfkfG5btkcePk/s1600/Ilistrasi+Whyte.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCUzJD0KttKChU3SeXOa_97wFIxNg4-kbKQVOfHc5vcEBlaQX7RDHKqHG8VdQKqayDOAFbV_eiieLic1PFBCsA5SJ5jvIsudpKJLEkMNTyQdLZiiY0t0zF_Bxv-qpPzjKfkfG5btkcePk/s1600/Ilistrasi+Whyte.gif" height="320" width="112" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">ilustrasi notasi Whyte </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Ada sebuah lokomotif yang legendaris pada masa Hindia Belanda (Nederlandsch Indischë), yaitu lokomotif SS (Staatsspoorwegen) buatan 'Werkspoor' Belanda dengan pembacaan susunan Whyte 4-6-2 pada masa itu, lokomotif ini dinamai lokomotif C53 (2-C-1)<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb8Hyje9tSp8Aweb7NRDVEhOKWRGhBt5edBwgznqTxZaNH5pqhGICq9jJyC-wcFVVtzSKieXuldnkjB_jAHewjNK4ajBgA1WY8Xf1UJojtHTcjQBfTtXyVHMp3DfXikY7ZfI8VTbMwt18/s1600/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_exprestrein_met_een_2-C-1_viercylinder-compound_locomotief_met_oververhitter_en_voedingsvoorwarmer_en_een_tender_erachter_TMnr_10007618.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb8Hyje9tSp8Aweb7NRDVEhOKWRGhBt5edBwgznqTxZaNH5pqhGICq9jJyC-wcFVVtzSKieXuldnkjB_jAHewjNK4ajBgA1WY8Xf1UJojtHTcjQBfTtXyVHMp3DfXikY7ZfI8VTbMwt18/s1600/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_exprestrein_met_een_2-C-1_viercylinder-compound_locomotief_met_oververhitter_en_voedingsvoorwarmer_en_een_tender_erachter_TMnr_10007618.jpg" height="198" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lokomotif Staatsspoorwegen C53 (2-C-1)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Lokomotif ini memiliki susunan roda 4-6-2 menurut pembacaan Whyte, yang artinya : 4 roda idle di depan (sebagai pengarah/ leading) diikuti 6 roda ber-traksi, kemudian di belakangnya ada 2 roda idle lagi. Gambar aseli dapat anda lihat di <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_exprestrein_met_een_2-C-1_viercylinder-compound_locomotief_met_oververhitter_en_voedingsvoorwarmer_en_een_tender_erachter_TMnr_10007618.jpg" target="_blank">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Een_exprestrein_met_een_2-C-1_viercylinder-compound_locomotief_met_oververhitter_en_voedingsvoorwarmer_en_een_tender_erachter_TMnr_10007618.jpg</a><br />
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lokomotif tersebut di atas sangat melegenda pada masanya, pada spot KITLV.nl terlihat lokomotif 2-C-1(C53) sedang menghela rangkaian kereta 'Eendaagsche Express' kereta favorit Bung Karno<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaeiClm0rHTscGN3lxkB98TGbcR5I75SErE1IdQonkcTklCC-Whlp1adTSB7mEUitKzzc5MLEh85Mt2X1OwN785mebvw-tOh3pTlJmSbSXTGjdIGYpX9DyipU_DgQNkblOHPCZONWphyphenhyphenQ/s1600/Endagsche+Express_text.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaeiClm0rHTscGN3lxkB98TGbcR5I75SErE1IdQonkcTklCC-Whlp1adTSB7mEUitKzzc5MLEh85Mt2X1OwN785mebvw-tOh3pTlJmSbSXTGjdIGYpX9DyipU_DgQNkblOHPCZONWphyphenhyphenQ/s1600/Endagsche+Express_text.jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></div>
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pandangan detail lokomotif 2-C-1(C 53)<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggIY6-WMI8RWuWm-x0K7Ay2-3qpjDezF1mXRFlhyWbJJShzDfNyUzhLe4uD5XTQHba7MRtnaounaj-E8dOfVrqyJYsr0jGfpDARB2ewF8EtKZOsAdWHdp2V70hefx0TO7lcoagrZadfIE/s1600/4-GL+compound+express+locomotief+nr+1002_een+-renpaard-+van+de+Staatsspoorwegen+op+Java_gebouwd+door+Werkspoor+Amsterdam_vermoedelijk+in+1920(a).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggIY6-WMI8RWuWm-x0K7Ay2-3qpjDezF1mXRFlhyWbJJShzDfNyUzhLe4uD5XTQHba7MRtnaounaj-E8dOfVrqyJYsr0jGfpDARB2ewF8EtKZOsAdWHdp2V70hefx0TO7lcoagrZadfIE/s1600/4-GL+compound+express+locomotief+nr+1002_een+-renpaard-+van+de+Staatsspoorwegen+op+Java_gebouwd+door+Werkspoor+Amsterdam_vermoedelijk+in+1920(a).jpg" height="190" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">2-C-1 bagian depan</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPVEvnFbEyovAA2QzggtnpOE7JlzLOXik0Q1Yy-t99IYIM9lB2cKdwW9vV_h9T_YQ06yTBIr65enuSXaTZws4Fz5UjTXr1NHgtMEL86O-gW3Sg68cdTd64YBAQEi123CtesL9C35K1KGU/s1600/4-GL+compound+express+locomotief+nr+1002_een+-renpaard-+van+de+Staatsspoorwegen+op+Java_gebouwd+door+Werkspoor+Amsterdam_vermoedelijk+in+1920(b).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPVEvnFbEyovAA2QzggtnpOE7JlzLOXik0Q1Yy-t99IYIM9lB2cKdwW9vV_h9T_YQ06yTBIr65enuSXaTZws4Fz5UjTXr1NHgtMEL86O-gW3Sg68cdTd64YBAQEi123CtesL9C35K1KGU/s1600/4-GL+compound+express+locomotief+nr+1002_een+-renpaard-+van+de+Staatsspoorwegen+op+Java_gebouwd+door+Werkspoor+Amsterdam_vermoedelijk+in+1920(b).jpg" height="182" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">2-C-1 bagian tengah belakang</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
foto lokomotif C53 (2-C-1) dapat anda lihat di <a href="http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced?q_searchfield=4+GL+compound+express" target="_blank">http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced?q_searchfield=4+GL+compound+express</a><br />
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lokomotif C53 setelah dipasang 'defector' (pemecah asap)<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZUxM-FZi3YrTYWWVr4PnLKr9hMl9sKBdxk3dkp1K8J8hc4mgK2TDqBTDUhuAujRur1x_RpA_QPcsekpwRSoh7HZKPRfilRGrluZWOrUZ-9cbue-jRq5sGqV6El6en1HsIbupnxagXgUw/s1600/4-GL+compound(depan).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZUxM-FZi3YrTYWWVr4PnLKr9hMl9sKBdxk3dkp1K8J8hc4mgK2TDqBTDUhuAujRur1x_RpA_QPcsekpwRSoh7HZKPRfilRGrluZWOrUZ-9cbue-jRq5sGqV6El6en1HsIbupnxagXgUw/s1600/4-GL+compound(depan).jpg" height="309" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">wajah C53 setelah ber-tébéng deflector</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
konon tebeng deflector ini dipasang, 10 tahun stelah kedatangan pertama jenis lokomotif ini. Lokomotif C53 memiliki panjang 20792 mm dengan daya 1200 HP (horse
power) dan berat 109,19 ton, serta dapat melaju dengan kecepatan hingga
90 km/jam didatangkan ke Indonesia pada periode keemasan kereta api di tanah air pada tahun 1918-1922<br />
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tahap pertama dibuat jalur jalan kereta api dari
Bogor ke Bandung via Sukabumi, yang selesai dikerjakan pada tanggal 17 Mei 1884
Setelah selesainya pembuatan jalur ini, dilanjutkan pembuatan jalur kereta api
dari Bandung ke Cibatu, yang dapat diselesaikan pada tahun 1889. Dari Cibatu,
kemudian diteruskan ke Tasikmalaya, yang dibuka untuk umum pada tanggal 16
September 1893. Jalur ini kemudian diteruskan pembangunannya sampai ke Banjar
dan Maos, yang selesai pada tanggal 1 November 1894</span> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Stasiun Cibatu didirikan pada tahun </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1889" title="1889"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1889</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> setelah
diresmikannya jalur kereta api yang menghubungkan </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stasiun_Cicalengka" title="Stasiun Cicalengka"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Stasiun Cicalengka</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> dengan </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stasiun_Cilacap" title="Stasiun Cilacap"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cilacap</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> oleh </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Staatsspoorwegen&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Staatsspoorwegen (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Staatsspoorwegen</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">, maskapai kereta api
milik Pemerintah Belanda. Pada tahun </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926" title="1926"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1926</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> dibuka jalur baru
yang menghubungkan Cibatu dengan </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cikajang,_Garut" title="Cikajang, Garut"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cikajang</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span> Dari Cibatu, kemudian diteruskan ke Tasikmalaya,
yang dibuka untuk umum pada tanggal 16 September 1893. Tanggal 1 November 1894 juga menandakan bahwa transportasi
kereta api yang menghubungkan kota Bandung dengan kota Yogyakarta mulai dapat
digunakan karena jalur kereta api rute Cilacap - Maos - Yogyakarta telah
selesai dibangun pada tahun 1887.</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvvDfSY-moxPXvLwExYFZGhgLByvC7Q_rvc5UA1JbWhBjO8PSkeQQtG_PqH4UCSgS5luuhOFQFJxEetQXNnWLQVJuPwyk2MtwjfTwglc1X5Qz2huOIWVHQVcKUXBMPwmEt3kGbFdYXMoo/s1600/Bukit+Duri.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvvDfSY-moxPXvLwExYFZGhgLByvC7Q_rvc5UA1JbWhBjO8PSkeQQtG_PqH4UCSgS5luuhOFQFJxEetQXNnWLQVJuPwyk2MtwjfTwglc1X5Qz2huOIWVHQVcKUXBMPwmEt3kGbFdYXMoo/s1600/Bukit+Duri.jpg" height="170" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">terlihat rangkaian Eendaagsche Express melintasi jembatan Staatsspoorwegen petak Slamet Riyadi~Manggarai dihela sang legenda lokomotif C53 (2-C-1)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYXYkj46tuaRPKsgZf-U59Iuy-wQNTGxV9Abalx0tNYPZsUukbwXnM4DdgSrHLxjSOj6F2kEr0kO459RJ5Y8XzpNuISm42BaGEyMHd1K_kGfXXpObSbQjcK0l9lcKap7LNmi7f9U5f0lI/s1600/2014-01-23+14.16.57.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYXYkj46tuaRPKsgZf-U59Iuy-wQNTGxV9Abalx0tNYPZsUukbwXnM4DdgSrHLxjSOj6F2kEr0kO459RJ5Y8XzpNuISm42BaGEyMHd1K_kGfXXpObSbQjcK0l9lcKap7LNmi7f9U5f0lI/s1600/2014-01-23+14.16.57.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jembatan tersebut difoto 2 hari yang lalu, saat muka banjir masih cukup tinggi (23 Jan 2014)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPB9S2EZu7nPU_bYebM-jtnmIJD80X0hh-M8Zw3ijtUL_Mb9f4yBAson_udXqkOCtFZ6tMFbhLHHx7waYsMJmBTtx6qHp0KS3TM0wCJf56gUJoU5o8lxrulrtaG_xBwz7W5q1hoOcr7i4/s1600/2014-01-23+14.25.00(MARKED).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPB9S2EZu7nPU_bYebM-jtnmIJD80X0hh-M8Zw3ijtUL_Mb9f4yBAson_udXqkOCtFZ6tMFbhLHHx7waYsMJmBTtx6qHp0KS3TM0wCJf56gUJoU5o8lxrulrtaG_xBwz7W5q1hoOcr7i4/s1600/2014-01-23+14.25.00(MARKED).jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">sayang sekali tidak ada kereta yang lewat, pengambilan foto berpacu dengan hujan (23 Jan 2014), dan medan yang sulit</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Pemerintah Kerajaan Belanda membangun aneka bangunan
pemerintahan, termasuk stasiun, seolah-olah kolonialisme akan hidup
selama-lamanya di negeri jajahan. Ekonomi kerajaan Belanda akan runtuh tahun
1930-an saat zaman malaise (krisis ekonomi), dan kemudian makin hancur oleh
okupasi Nazi Jerman masa Perang Dunia II. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Belanda benar-benar terobsesi mendirikan sebuah Emporium di Hindia timur (**baca : Indonesia), kita dapat melihat
bangunan-bangunan era kolonial dibangun di kota-kota besar di Indonesia dikerjakan sebagai bentuk
premium keterampilan arsitektur bangunan zamannya. Untuk melihat sisa-sisa kejayaan arsitektur kolonial itu, saya persilahkan berkunjung ke </span><a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang_21.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/kota-kirangan-dan-kota-semarang_21.html</a><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Nah di bidang rekayasa perkeretaapian pun Belanda tak mau ketinggalan jamil, dua <b>'brand'</b> mencorong waktu itu (tahun 1930~1936) 'Eendaagsche Express' dan di susul 'Java Naacht Express' merupakan dua layanan prestisius persembahan Staatsspoorwegen, dengan ekspektasi setara <b>CIWL (Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits) </b>di Perancis, atau di Amerika Serikat pada masa kini adalah layanan kereta Acela nya Amtrak.</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwzD7Yy8YGWAlspg-SoPXveENcFZVWkh66zQS9eCpy_qZVyTpeyhWE_DieF6ecqcNQQBMQLhWrV3rIVgx967KiwQZ20OtxAp736W00ypwNPG6e7uYFz0hL4OlFxCzVuV0XA5LKbIDILPw/s1600/CIWL.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwzD7Yy8YGWAlspg-SoPXveENcFZVWkh66zQS9eCpy_qZVyTpeyhWE_DieF6ecqcNQQBMQLhWrV3rIVgx967KiwQZ20OtxAp736W00ypwNPG6e7uYFz0hL4OlFxCzVuV0XA5LKbIDILPw/s1600/CIWL.jpg" height="186" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Layanan kereta mewah kelas dunia - CIWL sumber : <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:50_81_08-38_000-9_Mz1.jpg" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:50_81_08-38_000-9_Mz1.jpg</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">anda dapat membaca juga artikel tentang CIWL di</span> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang_18.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang_18.html</a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">kita dapat melihat bagaimana suasana interior kereta-kereta mewah tersebut</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHOYB6ZrrKnWGY1nDDO7tdOo49gx7ygz3LLJ0oJpEF7moJ_fm6qYn09AAVW-XJ8pKG1ZdBTLytfJCA7qDNgieeFUHJ5aaLFs3RkA_VKhhv5JdaNYvwSKA5Mi6MrH-7dzw_wQJ1vc6zj8A/s1600/KMP+1936.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHOYB6ZrrKnWGY1nDDO7tdOo49gx7ygz3LLJ0oJpEF7moJ_fm6qYn09AAVW-XJ8pKG1ZdBTLytfJCA7qDNgieeFUHJ5aaLFs3RkA_VKhhv5JdaNYvwSKA5Mi6MrH-7dzw_wQJ1vc6zj8A/s1600/KMP+1936.jpg" height="314" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">suasana interior kereta makan kelas eksekutif kereta api tahun 1936; sumber dari KITLV.nl</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
atau videonya dapat anda saksikan <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-ga53mq-JCmz8hQzYwVHucj7y2KPMooOGpOwOFhvgB7STC0Qy_DMYGSRqdVjyFruPV02Q5GTbiXq1hH65pivQaxn9wJnH3LgenYh3N850RsGn4i-7mcSikD9ltJ1ZdDLkp51RKQT1VBo/s1600/Youtube_Midnight+Express+Train+from+Jakarta+to+Surabaya+1929-+Tempo+Doe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-ga53mq-JCmz8hQzYwVHucj7y2KPMooOGpOwOFhvgB7STC0Qy_DMYGSRqdVjyFruPV02Q5GTbiXq1hH65pivQaxn9wJnH3LgenYh3N850RsGn4i-7mcSikD9ltJ1ZdDLkp51RKQT1VBo/s1600/Youtube_Midnight+Express+Train+from+Jakarta+to+Surabaya+1929-+Tempo+Doe.jpg" height="231" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">courtesy Youtube</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
di <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jogkWVNb2P4" target="_blank">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jogkWVNb2P4</a><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Eendaagsche Express mengawali perjalannya di tahun 1930-an terutama paska Jalur Kroja - Tjirebon sudah resmi dibuka oleh Staatsspoorwegen pada 1 Januari 1917, kemudian menyusul layanan 'Java Naacht Express' yang mulai beroperasi reguler sejak 1 November 1936 ini berangkat dari stasiun Jakarta Gambir menuju Surabaya Kota setiap malam dengan jadwal pemberangkatan pukul 21.00 dan tiba di stasiun Surabaya Kota sekitar pukul 05.00. Pada era '60-an kedua layanan ini menjadi 'Express Bintang Fadjar' dan 'Express Bintang Sendja'.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Motto yang dikibarkan Eendaagsche Express saat itu adalah : <b>layanan yang bisa membawa seseorang dari Soerabaja ke Batavia selama matahari masih bersinar - (</b>Brian Hollingsworth dan A. E. Durrant)</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Dengan obsesi ini Belanda mendatangkan lokomotif 4-6-2 empat silinder dengan daya 1200 HP (horse
power) dan berat 109,19 ton, serta direkayasa dapat melaju dengan kecepatan hingga
90 km/jam yang kemudian kita kenal dengan lokomotif C-53. Namun apadaya <span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Lokomotif ini ternyata jauh dari sempurna. Mulai dari
proses perancangan dan pemilihan pabrik pembuatnya. <b>Werkspoor</b> sama sekali bukan
nama terkenal dalam dunia pembuatan lokomotif uap. Pabrik inipun sebelumnya
belum pernah berpengalaman dalam merancang lokomotif 4 silinder compound.</span></span></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Namun Staatsspoorwegen sudah terlanjur menetapkan ekspektasinya, ingin menunjukkan pada dunia bahwa kemajuan teknologi rekayasa-nya di tanah Hindia timur tidak kalah maju dibandingkan dengan kawan-kawan Eropa-nya. </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Lokomitif yang sedianya dianggap sebagai "paradepaard",
sebagai pembawa bendera SS yang paling hebat ternyata loyo. </span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">(</span>Jaarverslag SS 1941, dalam Jan de Bruin, Het Indische spoor
in oorlogstijd)</span>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Pemilihan sistem empat silinder compound semula
dirancang untuk menghasilkan daya yang kuat dengan penggunaan bahan bakar yang hemat.
Namun, sistem ini rentan terhadap jalan
uap (sistem pipa-pipa dari ketel ke silinder) yang berkelok-kelok, yang praktis
"mencekik" jalannya uap dan mengurangi potensial daya. Pada akhirnya,
dengan tekanan uap yang lebih tinggi daripada lok manapun yang ada di Hindia
Belanda saat itu (14 kg/cm² dibandingkan 12 kg/cm²), lok ini hanya
mampu menghasilkan daya sekitar 1000 hp.</span></span><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdeMSjt0llraL3u0tFCWccJ6PiycxM-kk28pvqhpiQQ-w79JbIZ7a7b-rWaqiLrtJa_tMvfy0w69x72XmtNP6GI-XNcb2cZ1mri9lH-hDeTjg2V4EKa5ZOIPy-qtHFitsdnD0YFKVAAxw/s1600/SAGL-kirim.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdeMSjt0llraL3u0tFCWccJ6PiycxM-kk28pvqhpiQQ-w79JbIZ7a7b-rWaqiLrtJa_tMvfy0w69x72XmtNP6GI-XNcb2cZ1mri9lH-hDeTjg2V4EKa5ZOIPy-qtHFitsdnD0YFKVAAxw/s1600/SAGL-kirim.jpg" height="159" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wagon Slaapertruijk buatan <b>Werkspoor</b> yang kini direstorasi menjadi 'Djoko Kendil'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSyLOMuWx1dlJnvU33rGKyp1bHEx6NLomrJEcuNK6dHUE6K01UXrCCW95Q4GT6-hGRD6InZVEev7URie62dtETFx5Yq8g-EAbJJRQ1n3ZyNOyWvA6HiQTcOEy3-WEMH5_qBA_9Xin1qkk/s1600/4-GL+compound+express+locomotief+nr+1002_een+-renpaard-+van+de+Staatsspoorwegen+op+Java_gebouwd+door+Werkspoor+Amsterdam_vermoedelijk+in+1920(f).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSyLOMuWx1dlJnvU33rGKyp1bHEx6NLomrJEcuNK6dHUE6K01UXrCCW95Q4GT6-hGRD6InZVEev7URie62dtETFx5Yq8g-EAbJJRQ1n3ZyNOyWvA6HiQTcOEy3-WEMH5_qBA_9Xin1qkk/s1600/4-GL+compound+express+locomotief+nr+1002_een+-renpaard-+van+de+Staatsspoorwegen+op+Java_gebouwd+door+Werkspoor+Amsterdam_vermoedelijk+in+1920(f).jpg" height="169" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h1 class="contentheading detail">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">4-GL compound express locomotief nr
1002, een "renpaard" van de Staatsspoorwegen op Java, gebouwd door
Werkspoor Amsterdam, vermoedelijk in 1920</span></span></h1>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Pada kecepatan 90 km/jam, lokomotif ini sudah bergetar
tidak terkendali, dan pada tahun 1931 dilakukan percobaan dengan kecepatan 100
km/jam, lokomotif ini bergoncang keras. Namun demikian <span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">meskipun lok C53 dapat dikatakan sebagai 'produk gagal' yang mengalami kegagalan
teknis, secara estetik ia sama sekali bukan kegagalan. Model kabin lokomotif yang unik mengingatkan pada gaya eksotis lokomotif-lokomotif Italia. L</span></span>okomotif ini tetap
dipertahankan untuk menarik kereta expres dengan menanggung biaya perawatan
yang tidak sedikit. Pada periode tahun 1970, C53 yang tersisa hanya ditugaskan
untuk melayani kereta penumpang lokal atau kereta campuran barang dan penumpang
di Jawa Timur, seperti dari Surabaya ke Bangil, Madiun atau Solo.</span></div>
<br />
<b><br /></b>Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-21171142857820633502014-01-18T05:13:00.000-08:002014-01-18T05:13:11.383-08:00LOKOMOTIF BERTEKNOLOGI YUROP<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"> LOKOMOTIF DB V200</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Lokomotif (Deutsche Bundesbahn) DB class V200 dibuat pertama
kali oleh Krauss-Maffei pada periode 1953~1954 yang kemudian dilanjutkan oleh
Maschinenbau Kiel GmbH (MaK) pada periode tahun 1956 bertenaga 2170hp.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Selain Jerman Barat, Negara pemakai yang lain
adalah Switzerland (armada SBB CFF FFS) dan pada periode tahun 1982~1990 juga
dipesan oleh perusahaan maskapai kereta api swasta Italia (Ferrovia
Suzzara-Ferrara) menyusul kemudian Ferrovie Padane (FP), Impresa Veltri (IPE),
kemudian Impresa Valditerra dan Ferrovie Nord Brescia (FNB) </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiar-NF7CT2n1bK99PpiDx1I5kbEVJMfilKhLqan9hNlj1uL42mDNf_scWzaDJydSWKTMD7AVKFQazY5TlH0nLvWJitPRuecOj0jHVwoMs-O6T1NibhNxrzKGZw4wimiPtDpv4o1yLtP8I/s1600/lokomotives+class+v200.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiar-NF7CT2n1bK99PpiDx1I5kbEVJMfilKhLqan9hNlj1uL42mDNf_scWzaDJydSWKTMD7AVKFQazY5TlH0nLvWJitPRuecOj0jHVwoMs-O6T1NibhNxrzKGZw4wimiPtDpv4o1yLtP8I/s1600/lokomotives+class+v200.jpg" height="86" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">lokomotif DB V200</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Menggunakan mesin Maybach (type MD650) dengan transmisi
hydrolic dari Voith (type LT306r/b) mengingatkan pada <b><span style="font-size: large;">lokomotif Indonesia BB301
buatan Krupp</span></b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lokomotif BB301 ini mulai
berdinas sejak tahun 1964 dengan kedatangan batch awal sebanyak 10 buah, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ditenagai oleh mesin Mercedes-Maybach
12V655(01-45) dan MTU Series 538 atau yang dikenal dengan MD (Maybach
diesel) - diesel engine yang mampu menghasilkan 1500 horse power. Lokomotif ini
merupakan salah satu lokomotif besar paling ringan di Indonesia, karena itu
bisa melewati jalur-jalur bertekanan gandar rendah dengan kecepatan jelajah
maksimum 120km/jam.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkoDbHGs9H_Pn4JkktCxtk8eTx6lQjefXVpwA9NPbIohVrel7jKtZLyA-VkW7phh8UKFb_n5m3ofRkKhTcX3uBY4lotj_tP3Eum3i2-mfEaoQDBkz802QYoNdyzp2vrjkEGSXc4Arfg-w/s1600/_DSC1408e.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkoDbHGs9H_Pn4JkktCxtk8eTx6lQjefXVpwA9NPbIohVrel7jKtZLyA-VkW7phh8UKFb_n5m3ofRkKhTcX3uBY4lotj_tP3Eum3i2-mfEaoQDBkz802QYoNdyzp2vrjkEGSXc4Arfg-w/s1600/_DSC1408e.JPG" height="174" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">model lokomotif BB304; adik BB301 dengan livery KAI lama</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Untuk transmisi hidrolis-nya, si mbah BB301
mencangkokkan 2 Tipe motor Voith L 630 r U 2.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Pada awal tahun ‘60an Perusahaan Negara Kereta Api (PNKA) memesan 30
lokomotif dari pabrik Fried Krupp yang memiliki builder number
4669-4698 dan 15 unit dari Krauss Maffei yang memiliki builder number
19121-19135. Setelah beberapa bulan perancangan dan produksi, lokomotif
pertama keluar dari pabrik fried Krupp di Essen tahun 1964. Lokomotif
ini merupakan bagian dari tipe lokomotif diesel Hidrolik terkenal Krupp
yaitu M 1500 BB </div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim78hj8PdDnaYihTJ0wNRjgaSNa3yjXHTUp3hMZKLEiX6_vIfOWe1LCq070FJd6AKgO5pY8Br_cxfz7jxTuhd18EwCSwe-KhLG7MA4AwN0_Sl7mTmCMRZipwiSKgQfIGcyCzqg1AeB71Y/s1600/2012-08-27+07.01.55_e.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim78hj8PdDnaYihTJ0wNRjgaSNa3yjXHTUp3hMZKLEiX6_vIfOWe1LCq070FJd6AKgO5pY8Br_cxfz7jxTuhd18EwCSwe-KhLG7MA4AwN0_Sl7mTmCMRZipwiSKgQfIGcyCzqg1AeB71Y/s1600/2012-08-27+07.01.55_e.jpg" height="153" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">model lokomotif BB30404 dengan livery PJKA</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Kejayaan mbah BB dari sejak awal kedatangannya sekitar tahun
1964 sampai era 1970 terbukti dengan kedigdayaannya menarik kereta-kereta papan
atas tanah air pada masa itu : Bima, Parahijangan dll. <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZMB08PCAzTfNwMv8sBHnAqR9g6XlqfnxsIccF2Gx2C4mj56rYhpgbuJpTu3PQrvPvHDtog6haABBo8FD3eMLJCs1jPvxUtrrhGPDXYnYDwq4mdtVSdKxVjmGLXX690mqYpDoYfxzflHO2/s320/BB30104_Bima_SGU.jpg" target="_blank">https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZMB08PCAzTfNwMv8sBHnAqR9g6XlqfnxsIccF2Gx2C4mj56rYhpgbuJpTu3PQrvPvHDtog6haABBo8FD3eMLJCs1jPvxUtrrhGPDXYnYDwq4mdtVSdKxVjmGLXX690mqYpDoYfxzflHO2/s320/BB30104_Bima_SGU.jpg</a> <a href="http://i44.tinypic.com/2lo6wzc.jpg" target="_blank">http://i44.tinypic.com/2lo6wzc.jpg</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBmbxNUm_ywce4G7oZ5xfzG9BBWMMnDWA30Gzie-ROTufcwdymjdWYIQUDK7bOQWzvX9G8o0RERixkouk2HYu1I76ELucVtuSXfcjyYHpkBZP059tcWBLNR9_irWAZSM3nVAMfWk31Pfc/s1600/bb30110_jerman.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBmbxNUm_ywce4G7oZ5xfzG9BBWMMnDWA30Gzie-ROTufcwdymjdWYIQUDK7bOQWzvX9G8o0RERixkouk2HYu1I76ELucVtuSXfcjyYHpkBZP059tcWBLNR9_irWAZSM3nVAMfWk31Pfc/s1600/bb30110_jerman.jpg" height="192" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">uji coba lokomotif M1500 BB_Krupp Maffei di Hagen dengan gauge 1435mm</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
kredit foto : <a href="http://foto.arcor-online.net/palb/alben/64/811364/3634636631306332.jpg" target="_blank">http://foto.arcor-online.net/palb/alben/64/811364/3634636631306332.jpg</a></div>
Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-64818110565276758762014-01-18T04:03:00.000-08:002014-01-21T16:53:52.419-08:00MENGENAL LOKOMOTIF MANCANEGARA (YUWES - AMERIKA SERIKAT)MENGENAL LOKOMOTIF F UNIT<br />
<br />
Dalam miniatur kereta api (terutama skala 1/87) ada model yang cukup beken di kalangan kamoder tanah air, dan banyak dijumpai di pasaran, yakni model lokomotif buatan EMD Amerika Serikat (Yuwes) dengan penamaan F Unit.<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>lokomotif F Unit</b></span> besutan EMD merupakan lokomotif diesel-elektrik yang di desain untuk angkutan barang (freight locomotives)<br />
Ternyata di Amrik tidak konsisten juga ya,......loko penumpang buat tarik freight,.....loko freight buat tarik penumpang........(**seperti lokomotif CC206 di sini yang didesain untuk freight locomotive).....mirip 'saudara panjang'-nya, yakni E UNIT, maka produksi F UNIT dilakukan di pabrik yang sama di Balai Yasa <i>La Grange</i>, Illinois, dan adapula yang di Balai Yasa GMDD di London, Ontario, Canada. GMDD merupaken kepanjangan dari General Motors-Diesel Division, dan Unit-unit F ini ternyata juga dijuwal untuk pasar di luar Amrik (Mexico, Canada dan Arab Saudi,...ehh...ternyata ada kereta api juga di Arab).<br />
Masa produksi seri F ini adalah November 1939~November 1960,....bandingken dengan 'saudara panjang'-nya, E UNIT yang diproduksi dari bulan Mei 1937, sampai Desember 1963.<br />
Nama 'F' yang disandang bukan secara langsung berarti 'Freight' miskipun secara kebetulan lokomotif 'F UNIT' di desain sebagai lokomotif freight,...namun lebih merujuk kepada KAPASITAS DAYA,....di mana 'F' merupakan kepanjangan FOURTEEN, yakni <b>1400horsepower</b>,.....daya yang menggerakkan F UNIT,....nah yang panjang-nya ('E UNIT') merupakan kepanjangan dari EIGHTTEEN,...1800horsepower.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmnvFjn3oLTGW0giYwZ2RjVsQ6S04djqWNaxwRFP-3-xEq6BIJFypNp0onwfHRw4qRWcrU-7q5CWev3_ytpdeJRxMDFi1QbeUWfd0Nz331c23l5vVgOuDR_Nohgr1claFFttGIaTUhxHs/s1600/FT-A.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmnvFjn3oLTGW0giYwZ2RjVsQ6S04djqWNaxwRFP-3-xEq6BIJFypNp0onwfHRw4qRWcrU-7q5CWev3_ytpdeJRxMDFi1QbeUWfd0Nz331c23l5vVgOuDR_Nohgr1claFFttGIaTUhxHs/s1600/FT-A.jpg" height="120" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">lokomotif FT-A dari 'Baltimore and Ohio'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiqz6ss-lH94EWsPdgH-nttL8l_tMnkKkBJ662MAOjZ7yGz3RdLMCOpruzRN-nlYzh_-Gs3LMIKExjohTOPN8blvS_cYPoHk04hQCxNJ_TDKQXM9KaSSIMwCTDtpbv6qRZzxC75M-Zvf0/s1600/FT-B.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiqz6ss-lH94EWsPdgH-nttL8l_tMnkKkBJ662MAOjZ7yGz3RdLMCOpruzRN-nlYzh_-Gs3LMIKExjohTOPN8blvS_cYPoHk04hQCxNJ_TDKQXM9KaSSIMwCTDtpbv6qRZzxC75M-Zvf0/s1600/FT-B.JPG" height="104" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">lokomotif FT-B dari 'New York Central'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Masih memakai teknologi bogie Blomberg dengan gandar empat (BB), lokomotif-lokomotif F UNIT ini mengusung enambelas silinder EMD 567 series. lokomotif-lokomotif F UNIT ini di kalangan para railfan di Amrik, dikenal dengan sebutan 'wagon train',.....deretan keluarga F UNIT dari yang sulung adalah lokomotif FT diproduksi 1939~1945,....diikuti adik-adiknya berturut-turut : F2; F3; F7; FP7; F9; FP9 dan terakhir yang bungsu adalah FL9,....sama seperti 'saudara panjang' nya,....lokomotif F UNIT didesain untuk <b>'berduaan'</b> (berpasangan) antara lokomotif utama (dengan kabin masinis) dan lokomotif booster.....<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnuefdIRfy1dL_7QMhifLmPz9QxFi3-VuSk9AlcIbY03XBbkWbtzir0EYepxEXlpvmawOP4C4n6CBHDGNgTu6EYxXAxQmGMrrP9h2yFk9iPe6W_lX18qNc3cRRLq9fBA_bvzu85Ab_Iuc/s1600/F+unit.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnuefdIRfy1dL_7QMhifLmPz9QxFi3-VuSk9AlcIbY03XBbkWbtzir0EYepxEXlpvmawOP4C4n6CBHDGNgTu6EYxXAxQmGMrrP9h2yFk9iPe6W_lX18qNc3cRRLq9fBA_bvzu85Ab_Iuc/s1600/F+unit.gif" height="200" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cangkang Lokomotif F-Unit dari 'Santa Fe' (lokomotif utama dan lokomotif booster)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Cab Unit dan Carbody Unit,....adalah julukan dalam terminologi perkeretaapian di Amrik, merujuk pada gaya/ bentuk lokomotip,.....di mana konstruksi rangka bridge truss membentuk body kereta api itu sendiri.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm9U6dUGH6uI546hy9UaSHTvzjCZ1jxc7_GxTaLNylkJkY3WH_D8d2oh5l0R821kgM6wX1hbzejkzCp1-HtpaxHPcuWq3d0TaTkZXJ-P_ACJ1tgcCCPm24NW23WTBauuYztj_PIqfPdr8/s1600/Lokomotif+Funit_frame.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm9U6dUGH6uI546hy9UaSHTvzjCZ1jxc7_GxTaLNylkJkY3WH_D8d2oh5l0R821kgM6wX1hbzejkzCp1-HtpaxHPcuWq3d0TaTkZXJ-P_ACJ1tgcCCPm24NW23WTBauuYztj_PIqfPdr8/s1600/Lokomotif+Funit_frame.jpg" height="214" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">rangka Carbody unit lokomotif F unit</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
kredit foto : <a href="http://trainsarefun.com/lirr/morrispark/1st%20EMD%20F%20power%20pack.jpg" target="_blank">http://trainsarefun.com/lirr/morrispark/1st%20EMD%20F%20power%20pack.jpg</a><br />
<br />
<h3>
<span style="color: #b45f06;">Jangan lupa untuk berkunjung pada artikel saya yang lain, yang tidak kalah menarik, ...ingin mengenal lebih jauh permasalahan miniatur kereta api Indonesia ?....saya persilahkan anda untuk berkunjung ke</span> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-indonesia.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-indonesia.html</a> </h3>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lokomotif utama dan lokomotif booster F unit</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Konfigurasi ini menyebabkan lokomotif-lokomotif jenis Cab Unit memiliki kelemahan pandang dibandingkan bentuk lokomotif hood (hood unit), sehingga lokomotif bermodel Cab Unit dipakai untuk kereta-kereta yang tidak terlalu mementingkan arah pandang ke belakang. Namun kereta jenis Cab Unit lebih aerodinamis (dengan wajah mbulldog-nya) dibandingkan lokomotif hood unit. Apakah Krupp M1500 BB a.k.a BB301/ BB304 dengan wajah roti tawar-nya bisa digolongkan ke dalam lokomotif Cab Unit ?<br />
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MENGENAL LOKOMOTIF E UNIT<br />
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EMD E-unit adalah jenis lokomotif diesel untuk kereta penumpang yang dibangun oleh General Motors Electro-Motive Division (EMD) dan pendahulunya, yaitu Electro-Motive Corporation (EMC).<br />
Semua Lokomotif seri E-unit dirakit di <b>La Grange</b>, Illinois, yang produksinya berlangsung dari bulan Mei 1937, sampai Desember 1963. Nama E-unit mengacu pada nomor model yang diberikan untuk setiap jenis berturut-turut, yang semuanya dimulai dengan E.<br />
Pada awalnya, lokomotif E unit didesain berdaya seribu delapan ratus tenaga kuda (1300 kW), namun konsep tersebut sudah dipersiapkan untuk model dengan daya jauh lebih tinggi untpadasa mendatang.<br />
Pendahulu dari E-unit adalah EMC 1800 hp BB lokomotif yang dibuat pada tahun 1935, yang memiliki kekuatan yang sama dengan layout E-unit, tetapi mesin tertutup dalam kabin body dan dengan tipe AAR bogie BB dua gandar.<br />
Pada tahun 1937, EMC juga memperkenalkan TA Model , yang dijual untuk Rock Island (The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad yang umum disingkat CRIP atau ROCK, dahulu adalah kereta-kereta eksekutip kelas utama di Midwestern United States) yang memiliki styling carbody sangat mirip, tetapi sebaliknya memiliki lebih banyak kesamaan dengan UP M-10001 , M-10002 , dan M-10003 melalui M-10007 , dalam hal ini adalah 1.200 hp (900 kW), bertraksi tunggal di bogie BB, tidak seperti E-unit yang memiliki konfigurasi bogie' A1A-A1A, dan bukan bagian dari seri E-unit.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">model lokomotif E Unit dari 'Southern Pacific' buatan 'Paragon'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Lokomotif-lokomotif unit E, awalnya menggunakan teknologi mesin kapal selam Winton 201 (unit EA / EB , E1 , dan E2) yang telah terbukti tidak sesuai untuk penggunaan lokomotif dengan full throttle. Seperti kebanyakan lokomotif penumpang sebelumnya, E-unit menggunakan dua mesin untuk mencapai daya yang diharapkan. Hal ini karena keterbatasan teknologi waktu itu yang didapat dari pengembangan mesin tunggal. Meskipun E-unit dapat digunakan secara tunggal untuk kereta api yang pendek, untuk menarik rangkaian yang panjang masih dibutuhkan dobel traksi, bahkan tripel traksi. E-unit bisa dibeli dengan atau tanpa kabin kemudi, unit dengan kabin kemudi disebut unit A atau unit utama, sedangkan unit tanpa kabin kemudi disebut unit B atau unit penguat. Pada Unit B dipasang pengendali sederhana untuk tujuan hostling, tetapi unit B tidak bisa dipakai sebagai lokomotif kendali. Lokomotif-lokomotif tersebut terhubung dengan kabel MU yang memungkinkan kru di unit memimpin di depan untuk mengontrol unit trailing. Kebanyakan maskapai Kereta cenderung untuk membeli set ABA (dua unit A dengan kabin kemudi menghadap ke arah yang berlawanan dengan lokomotif B/ booster di antara keduanya) atau set ABB (satu lokomotif berkabin dengan sepasang lokomotif B/ penguat). Setting ABA tidak perlu dihidupkan untuk menarik di kedua arah, namun unit B lebih murah daripada A unit dan membuat jalan kereta menjadi lebih halus .<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lokomotif E Unit susunan A-B-A</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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kredit foto : <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXuXkvGVtDcI1Z89c4CZO5CADTmcsgtvCmnkHUpM1WlpogJBqB5OHsR7JGf9PrlS7bOACd0GdkUS-5WdVx4LGarL1aI2MROFQMNu00nVzvbGIzzw7AyoFandZpywqgr0nJh7IiiLT0enQ/s1600/sepi-ft-3645.jpg" target="_blank">https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXuXkvGVtDcI1Z89c4CZO5CADTmcsgtvCmnkHUpM1WlpogJBqB5OHsR7JGf9PrlS7bOACd0GdkUS-5WdVx4LGarL1aI2MROFQMNu00nVzvbGIzzw7AyoFandZpywqgr0nJh7IiiLT0enQ/s1600/sepi-ft-3645.jpg</a><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8QcT-lO7hOETLmASauLC0YmrZnqNcncTMx1GvS1IPjXEH-4l363j0XE6taDS1HOAYD75gs13JlrTcYixtrl5jtbatrOFzbUdzYUBJk6uKCQKKD2Sdbfc6IPWgWtzbMAa8oD8hG4BZ3iY/s1600/Lokomotif+Eunit_rock_island.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8QcT-lO7hOETLmASauLC0YmrZnqNcncTMx1GvS1IPjXEH-4l363j0XE6taDS1HOAYD75gs13JlrTcYixtrl5jtbatrOFzbUdzYUBJk6uKCQKKD2Sdbfc6IPWgWtzbMAa8oD8hG4BZ3iY/s1600/Lokomotif+Eunit_rock_island.jpg" height="221" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">model Lokomotif E Unit 'Rock Island' susunan A-B-A</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Lokomotif-lokomotif unit EA / EB , E1 , dan E2 dibuat untuk produksi yang terbatas, masing-masing untuk dijual ke pengguna rel kereta api tunggal. lokomotif-lokomotif seri E tersebut memiliki lay out mesin ganda V-12, berbogie Blomberg A-1-A, dengan 57 ft 1 in (17,40 m) wheelbase yang akan menjadi standar untuk semua model E berikutnya.<br />
kredit foto : <a href="http://www.trainweb.org/fredatsf/cornbelt47_files/image009.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.trainweb.org/fredatsf/cornbelt47_files/image009.jpg</a><br />
Lokomotif-lokomotif unit E3 , E4 , E5 , dan E6 adalah model produksi standar pra-Perang Dunia II, dengan sedikit perbedaan antara mereka. Semua memiliki mesin 567 baru, dengan total 2.000 hp (1,5 MW), lokomotif-lokomotif tersebut memiliki raut "hidung miring", dan jendela persegi di sisi. Produksi terakhir pada tahun 1942.<br />
The E7 diperkenalkan pada tahun 1945, dan menjadi lokomotif unit E yang memiliki catatan penjualan terbaik. Dengan repowering ditingkatkan 567 pada mesin "A", dan F bergaya "hidung bulldog".<br />
Lokomotif E8 dan E9 adalah model E akhir. The E8 memiliki 567 "B" mesin (2.250 hp (1,68 MW) total), E9 yang memiliki uprated 567 "C" mesin (2.400 hp (1,8 MW) total). Mereka berdua menggunakan gaya tubuh yang sama, dengan kisi-kisi di bagian atas sisi panjang dari loco, dan beberapa jendela "jendela kapal" di bawahnya.<br />
Perlu dicatat bahwa deskripsi model yang dibangun adalah sebagai, EMC / EMD lokomotif sering dibangun dengan standar baru.<br />
Semua E-unit menggunakan bogie yang sama dengan kereta penumpang EMD didesain oleh insinyur <b>Martin Blomberg</b>, merupakan bogie A1A-A1A , dengan traksi pada as roda luar dan roda tengah idle. Seperti terkenal bogie dua-gandar Blomberg, bogie ini tampil luar gantungan musim semi antara roda untuk bantalan yang lebih baik dari sisi ke sisi gerak. Juga seperti Blomberg B, tidak ada equalizers drop antara as roda.<br />
Martin Blomberg (nama lengkap : Martin Petrus Frederik Blomberg) lahir di Östervåla, Swedia pada tanggal 11 Desember 1888 - wafat pada tahun 1966 di Winter Park, Florida adalah seorang insinyur Amerika asal Swedia. Dia lulus dari Institut teknik di Örebro, dan pada tahun 1910 melanjutkan studinya ke universitas di Uppsala. Keberhasilan desain bogie Blomberg ini seterusnya dipakai dengan sangat sedikit perubahan untuk itu selama bertahun-tahun.<br />
<b><span style="color: #cc0000;">Bagi anda yang tertarik dengan model-model lokomotif mancanegara Eropa (Yurop/ Europe), kami persilahkan untuk mengunjungi</span></b> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yurop.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/mengenal-lokomotif-mancanegara-yurop.html</a><br />
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LOKOMOTIF SHARK ALCO PA<br />
Lokomotif Shark ini adalah lokomotif besutan Alco dan <b><span style="font-size: large;">General Electric</span></b>,....<br />
Lokomotif 'Shark' ini, sama seperti lokomotif E Unit dan F Unit merupakan lokomotif <i><b>CARBODY UNIT</b></i>, sama-sama bergandar A1A-A1A dengan unit booster namun sayang kurang beruntung dalam merebut dominasi pasar Unit E besutan EMD - sama-sama didesain untuk menarik <u><b>angkutan penumpang</b></u> (passenger loco), Alco PA-PB diproduksi di <i>Schenectady</i>, New York pasa kisaran tahun 1946~1953,....lebih baru daripada E UNIT-nya EMD (1937)<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-QTgosiqqVSsmKR5-hpxv1bdWdOQc4-mdgNXJlLhAZNt0T7UBM4S1sRVbZhx1MdedqiPVDeGGrRocp-YHBupwHIQHAtFg27DSfFuuHzBJ5ArPyDUsUclHjDFNL23Sd1jLtY-IVZjm1n4/s1600/alco+type+PA-1(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-QTgosiqqVSsmKR5-hpxv1bdWdOQc4-mdgNXJlLhAZNt0T7UBM4S1sRVbZhx1MdedqiPVDeGGrRocp-YHBupwHIQHAtFg27DSfFuuHzBJ5ArPyDUsUclHjDFNL23Sd1jLtY-IVZjm1n4/s1600/alco+type+PA-1(2).jpg" height="80" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lokomotif utama Alco -PA (dengan kabin kendali)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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LOKOMOTIF VERANDA TURBINE<br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Prototip Veranda Turbine mulai
diperkenalkan pada tahun 1948 (UP 50), dibuat oleh pabrik <span style="font-size: large;"><b>General Elektrik</b></span>,
dipasarkan oleh konsorsium Alco-GE.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gas Turbine Electric Locomotive (GTEL) adalah
lokomotif yang motor traksi-nya digerakkan oleh alternator yang dikendalikan
oleh turbin gas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Secara prinsip, sistem
GTEL merupakan system Diesel Elektrik, hanya di sini (pada GTEL) mesin
diesel-nya digantikan oleh kekuatan gas yang dihasilkan oleh turbo-electric.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Teknologi GTEL ini kemudian terbukti sangat
boros, karena untuk menghasilkan kekuatan yang kurang lebih sama dengan mesin
diesel, GTEL menenggak bahan bakar dua kali lipat lebih banyak daripada mesin
diesel,….ditambah lagi dengan faktor kesulitan untuk bahan bakar minyak
kental-nya (bunker fuel) segera menjadi tar atau mollase pada suhu
dingin,….sehingga minyak tersebut harus selalu dipanaskan (seperti kuah soto
daging Madura) pada suhu <span style="font-size: small;"><span class="notranslate"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; line-height: 115%;">93 ° C sebelum
digejrot-kan ke turbin.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="notranslate"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sejak akhir Perang Dunia II, Union Pacific memikirkan konsep
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>‘hemat lokomotif’</b></span>,…..bagaimana caranya menarik rangkaian-rangkaian yang panjang
dan berat dengan sesedikit mungkin lokomotif untuk menekan biaya perawatannya,
karena Union Pacific merupakan maskapai kereta api <u><b>swasta murni</b></u>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dengan membuat lokomotif berdaya besar,
diharapkan ongkos pemeliharaan lokomotif bisa dipangkas, karena tidak perlu
banyak-banyak mengerahkan lokomotif untuk menarik rangkaian panjang dan berat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jadi konsepnya : cukup sedikit namun kuat.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="notranslate"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(**Benua Amerika merupakan daratan yang sangat luas dengan geografik yang berat. Jarak lintas kontinen-nya antara coast ke coast dari sisi benua yang berseberangan, dicapai dalam tempo 4 hingga 8 hari perjalanan berkereta api.....Itulah mengapa Yuwes membuat lokomotif besar-besar seperti Veranda Turbine dan lokomotif 'Big Boy' yang legendaris) </span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL2bjPJ_mMMVoBVwzc-Bj1CaeRpssjnDYIxiWnj5kI_8A7o2bRnwvDzD2v2uRU6cNjPBpBVTqWR2654KMC5E8jqktA2o60fJAXRS0SsynKHUSd3MY62JTGCaR-dMXrdy22WTjto28U5Fs/s1600/Big+Boy+BLI.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL2bjPJ_mMMVoBVwzc-Bj1CaeRpssjnDYIxiWnj5kI_8A7o2bRnwvDzD2v2uRU6cNjPBpBVTqWR2654KMC5E8jqktA2o60fJAXRS0SsynKHUSd3MY62JTGCaR-dMXrdy22WTjto28U5Fs/s1600/Big+Boy+BLI.jpg" height="105" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">sebuah model lokomotif yang melegenda 'BIG BOY' buatan 'Broadway Limited Import'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span class="notranslate"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kredit foto : <a href="http://www.rcgrabbag.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/D70_6315-Edit.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.rcgrabbag.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/D70_6315-Edit.jpg</a> </span></span><br />
<span class="notranslate"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b>bagi anda yang tertarik tentang sejarah perkereta apian di Amerika Serikat, kami persilahkan untuk mengunjungi</b></span> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/sejarah-kereta-api-amerika-yuwes.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/sejarah-kereta-api-amerika-yuwes.html</a> </span></span></div>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span class="notranslate"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Sebelumnya General Electric (GE) </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">telah
mengembangkan teknologi turbin gas untuk</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> pesawat</span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> terbang</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> (aircraft) </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">dan
mengusulkan penggunaan teknologi yang sama pada lokomotif.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dengan mengimplementasikan pada rangkaian
yang panjang dan bergerak pada kecepatan tinggi, diharapkan dapat memaksimalkan
efisiensi turbin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Oleh sebab itulah Gas
Turbine Electric Locomotive (GTEL) Ini awalnya menarik rangkaian gerbong barang
antara</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ogden, Utah</span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> dan</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Green
River, Wyoming</span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">, melewati</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> Weber Canyon</span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> dan Echo
Canyon, Utah.</span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyDSdyK9BeEzRW6_REwqRQM7qlZ1r7IGzZWhfeafO5mgRpskvN5mNjBdIedyEAhIbcYH-bwkwbMmLk6RfLtfGYVQEoxhTN0oljxOaVTKI0S7kd_y6j7QcTBmfCyc10otF-xyMoK30yrds/s1600/AT_up_50_1949_mohai.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyDSdyK9BeEzRW6_REwqRQM7qlZ1r7IGzZWhfeafO5mgRpskvN5mNjBdIedyEAhIbcYH-bwkwbMmLk6RfLtfGYVQEoxhTN0oljxOaVTKI0S7kd_y6j7QcTBmfCyc10otF-xyMoK30yrds/s1600/AT_up_50_1949_mohai.jpg" height="254" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Prototype Veranda Turbine (UP 50)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 4.8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span class="notranslate"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> kredit foto : <a href="http://dummidumbwit.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/up_50_1949_mohai.jpg" target="_blank">http://dummidumbwit.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/up_50_1949_mohai.jpg</a></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw1gk3BoFxFvTsqvLDdMpxfaMc6DtExOEmdKDKz934-nGzMFWj6558IQwZqAW6ioLJW0VQzzLMTgCw8gyia3Cwypt39jeXn0M8-idKBo6cNLsAE7GaY_ofeXmGtlI5CjXWLCWDWevLZZs/s1600/A_MTH_Veranda.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw1gk3BoFxFvTsqvLDdMpxfaMc6DtExOEmdKDKz934-nGzMFWj6558IQwZqAW6ioLJW0VQzzLMTgCw8gyia3Cwypt39jeXn0M8-idKBo6cNLsAE7GaY_ofeXmGtlI5CjXWLCWDWevLZZs/s1600/A_MTH_Veranda.jpg" height="44" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">model lokomotif UP Veranda Turbine dari 'MTH'</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="notranslate"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">UP 50 adalah</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="notranslate"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">unit carbody</span></i></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dengan empat </span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> boogie, </span></span><span class="notranslate"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">di mana masing-masing boogie bergandar 2 (Bo-Bo), dengan pasangan
terhubung oleh</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">span bolsters</i> (sebuah
batang penghubung traksi antar boogie yang mirip gardan pada kendaraan penggerak
roda depan) sehingga memungkinkan lokomotif panjang dengan delapan traksi
menikung pada radius normal.</span></span></div>
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<span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Yang cukup mengejutkan adalah
unit-unit kendali Veranda Turbine (PA 1) dijual ke EMD untuk seri unit E,
sementara unit turbin dan tender dijagal di lading rucat besi tua Omaha Shop.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0lbDxgUYLApWkLi1U46uaZG11NijECj7zaXjua8nAcWL8QH_oSdPdLRJjB8p-V4gRRDrdJ7grxu9LS4uuybyjZfMjDOV1OGulobA4CBCDm-4tLfQZnPtRksja2E7wvfN8vYAIMU2Geb4/s1600/verandah.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0lbDxgUYLApWkLi1U46uaZG11NijECj7zaXjua8nAcWL8QH_oSdPdLRJjB8p-V4gRRDrdJ7grxu9LS4uuybyjZfMjDOV1OGulobA4CBCDm-4tLfQZnPtRksja2E7wvfN8vYAIMU2Geb4/s1600/verandah.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">rangkaian multiple unit Veranda Turbine</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-weight: normal;">Bila anda ingin melihat stasiun-stasiun di Eropa (Perantjis) dengan kemegahan arsitekturnya, serta gedung perkereta apian di Indonesia, kami persilahkan untuk berkunjung ke </span></b></span><a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang_18.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang_18.html</a></h3>
Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4730023737713910267.post-26680920925008526312014-01-17T08:46:00.002-08:002014-01-24T22:32:04.732-08:00MINIATUR, KERETA API, ARSITEKTUR, RUANG PUBLIK DAN SEJARAHMINIATUR KERETA API, BUILDING DAN ARSITEKTUR<br />
<br />
Dalam sebuah penataan Lay Out, kita akan melibatkan beberapa obyek - selain kereta api miniatur beserta relnya. Obyek tersebut akan berupa elemen alam (pepohonan, perbukitan atau sungai dan empang) dan bisa merupakan elemen building (jembatan, menara dan bangunan)<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFd9sIqwRbuho_ZYpa1UyAiQ85BJXSNJ_Ejq8-6n8bvVbNe8JPz3hzDgXE4d1Ft8SiEIb1jaNyJoMVQjbHU63gFgS1QL1owtDZpkUSNvCRm4KL71Qx4PUx-AegNF-f-VZEQbqnMb05OIo/s1600/Durand_Station.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFd9sIqwRbuho_ZYpa1UyAiQ85BJXSNJ_Ejq8-6n8bvVbNe8JPz3hzDgXE4d1Ft8SiEIb1jaNyJoMVQjbHU63gFgS1QL1owtDZpkUSNvCRm4KL71Qx4PUx-AegNF-f-VZEQbqnMb05OIo/s1600/Durand_Station.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></div>
paling tidak kita melibatkan sebuah stasiun kereta api seperti pada gambar di atas <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/dgaken/4749087190/" target="_blank">http://www.flickr.com/photos/dgaken/4749087190/</a> atau fasilitas penambangan pengolahan batubara, sebuah area petikemas dan lain sebagainya.<br />
Penempatan obyek-obyek bangunan, tak pelak melibatkan arsitektur dan penataan untuk memberikan citra pada Lay Out secara keseluruhan, meskipun tanpa disadari.<br />
Stasiun, Pabrik, Pertokoan dan beberapa obyek lainnya akan membentuk atmosfir sebuah Lay Out, membawa kita kepada sebuah mikrokosmos yang maya, di mana mungkin kita pernah datang ke sana.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpvQqs9mWlDiiVvpzCy-3Oxg6BkoS0UaHM06K-idtD4ro-XE-Tr51AK64evLYXQ9ufHJO0tfJNIBLstfBHZnY76eaEAptHkR7jirm1IOj1NHYUIRTDdYSuUXiB5tYuCuTmEJ-a44IquZ4/s1600/Waterfrontindustries.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpvQqs9mWlDiiVvpzCy-3Oxg6BkoS0UaHM06K-idtD4ro-XE-Tr51AK64evLYXQ9ufHJO0tfJNIBLstfBHZnY76eaEAptHkR7jirm1IOj1NHYUIRTDdYSuUXiB5tYuCuTmEJ-a44IquZ4/s1600/Waterfrontindustries.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">penempatan building membawa pada sebuah atmosfir</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Seperti nampak pada foto di atas, dari <a href="http://www.layoutbuilders.com/" target="_blank">http://www.layoutbuilders.com/</a> ...Sebenarnya kita dapat mengarahkan atmosfir tersebut pada imaji-imaji yang kita inginkan, untuk nuansa lokal, kita bisa menghadirkan 'sesuatu' yang dapat mengartikulasikan ke-lokalan tersebut<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5Qv-D5EeS3mqjvvMoAQq3yqc0hPAXuets3HccFXAJpfD9gXo1Lb7c6Pa9Uwh-4dy7CUResAHb28X5ilKDkLzeHqScm55MgaI1sJpld-iTMaoa7tDbbORUXQIhanQruy3EB47WlMH_410/s1600/2012-09-30+19.11.47crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5Qv-D5EeS3mqjvvMoAQq3yqc0hPAXuets3HccFXAJpfD9gXo1Lb7c6Pa9Uwh-4dy7CUResAHb28X5ilKDkLzeHqScm55MgaI1sJpld-iTMaoa7tDbbORUXQIhanQruy3EB47WlMH_410/s1600/2012-09-30+19.11.47crop.jpg" height="179" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">usaha menghadirkan 'lokalitas' dari building - gaya arsitektur</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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atau mengangkat sesuatu yang vernakular untuk mempertajam artikulasi kehadiran lokalitas yang kita harapkan, membangun atmosfir dengan memadukan semua unsur pendukungnya<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN_vZX8SOXxyTzRAFNMbKkSpZWckTH1_wa4oyUYhWfzfEkORy4ASaTqDW1wS-M4dFt9PWoqRyndgSob6UziAbjqTAATLXUYecRctAvYnApf-1tdT1KyzKCFhBG0uKlNKSddAbTx950Yp8/s1600/wrguti_6(S+87).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN_vZX8SOXxyTzRAFNMbKkSpZWckTH1_wa4oyUYhWfzfEkORy4ASaTqDW1wS-M4dFt9PWoqRyndgSob6UziAbjqTAATLXUYecRctAvYnApf-1tdT1KyzKCFhBG0uKlNKSddAbTx950Yp8/s1600/wrguti_6(S+87).jpg" height="174" width="320" /></a></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMHhTZRCKWxQ4ckP72ZfZN1MCbJgJ7S9eAVrgtas1X6tGSCvNWoxAhbE7gWd3l9_zeqWuqZ8gfyVmIgROTXS2M-V4A_NyQtv4fk66X3vQYOWxSmWrqYULjbN1NZq5WTmzPczMMNFFI6os/s1600/2012-06-30+15.27.35crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMHhTZRCKWxQ4ckP72ZfZN1MCbJgJ7S9eAVrgtas1X6tGSCvNWoxAhbE7gWd3l9_zeqWuqZ8gfyVmIgROTXS2M-V4A_NyQtv4fk66X3vQYOWxSmWrqYULjbN1NZq5WTmzPczMMNFFI6os/s1600/2012-06-30+15.27.35crop.jpg" height="141" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">usaha membangun atmosfer lokal dari arsitektur rakyat (vernakular)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkrIWA4X9S9zLiQY2TlRe46iSPEf8lwrCugsn_uwHfjLs7SKnPCA2FsH7Kg2v8tHTVXrgP7xf3prOaxpQNDER10WTRn3sS1x8nQ9KvKbyHzg1kvDxrjB1M1hHeW-g9airbGghQHZYyuuQ/s1600/kampung+kami.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkrIWA4X9S9zLiQY2TlRe46iSPEf8lwrCugsn_uwHfjLs7SKnPCA2FsH7Kg2v8tHTVXrgP7xf3prOaxpQNDER10WTRn3sS1x8nQ9KvKbyHzg1kvDxrjB1M1hHeW-g9airbGghQHZYyuuQ/s1600/kampung+kami.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">mengisi dunia mini dengan vegetasi (pohon pisang, vegetasi khas Indonesia)</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZH3UABd3T53Kg7sWGWlbSHuulMiL2PtY2cQDQEdhEq6OcRDMSI_ixggi-3gfjbVLA8AzveiTFRHtA8YdmhB04Iwv8u9eSmt9tovFDvi_fRinH6VllwqyQiFYTwv5xwB8lJ8I0X-goAtQ/s1600/2012-06-30+16.08.06.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZH3UABd3T53Kg7sWGWlbSHuulMiL2PtY2cQDQEdhEq6OcRDMSI_ixggi-3gfjbVLA8AzveiTFRHtA8YdmhB04Iwv8u9eSmt9tovFDvi_fRinH6VllwqyQiFYTwv5xwB8lJ8I0X-goAtQ/s1600/2012-06-30+16.08.06.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">jangan lupa mengangkat jemuran (laundry)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7AUrbxys4wWyDn4o3XAHBAs9NVTCUI3Eh_XnUVKovkAL4gjrA6juiIxQJdOFHOOKCn2ZSOSb3q_SBMWPitxfYptT4lFF0BrBeVjLjVH7b8aHTHQNxE0J-x15McYlGovgD0ed-1-84yO4/s1600/2012-09-27+21.17.40c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7AUrbxys4wWyDn4o3XAHBAs9NVTCUI3Eh_XnUVKovkAL4gjrA6juiIxQJdOFHOOKCn2ZSOSb3q_SBMWPitxfYptT4lFF0BrBeVjLjVH7b8aHTHQNxE0J-x15McYlGovgD0ed-1-84yO4/s1600/2012-09-27+21.17.40c.jpg" height="184" width="320" /></a></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBJreze8TzK-rhkYJy0IEppCuq1HV1Lum-pHyW1FkF6YIlIhaQX4hW0NnWeSeG5E45MUe3YBkIYh0P_3jneJ77rTXaXhKaxb62U1lXSv8pfFKNPqP3jVX6_mxJlxYwpkgbE0g_iq_UNbw/s1600/2012-09-27+21.14.58c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBJreze8TzK-rhkYJy0IEppCuq1HV1Lum-pHyW1FkF6YIlIhaQX4hW0NnWeSeG5E45MUe3YBkIYh0P_3jneJ77rTXaXhKaxb62U1lXSv8pfFKNPqP3jVX6_mxJlxYwpkgbE0g_iq_UNbw/s1600/2012-09-27+21.14.58c.jpg" height="179" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">sudut lain, keterlibatan arsitektur dalam membangun semangat lokal pada dunia miniatur kereta api</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<h2>
<b><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">SEKHILAF SEJARAH</span></span></b></h2>
setelah pembahasan tentang miniatur kereta api, kurang lengkap jika kita tidak mengintip kilas balik sejarah kereta api dan perkereta apian kita.<br />
<b>Telah banyak</b> blog maupun situs yang mengupas tentang sejarah perkereta apian di tanah air, sehingga saya mencoba menyingkap sedikit saja dari sisi-sisi yang barangkali kurang ter-ekspos atau masih banyak yang perlu kita gali.<br />
Di Pulau Jawa, kota Jakarta – Surabaya baru terhubung jaringan kereta api pada tahun1894 setelah jalur Maos dan Cibatu bisa diselesaikan. Nederladsch Indischë Spoorweg Maatschappij (perusahaan swasta yang mempelopori pembangunan jaringan kereta api di Indonesia zaman itu) sudah kehilangan kendali atas jalur Batavia ~ Buitenzorg, praktis pengelola perkereta apian dari Batavia ~ Surabaya adalah perusahaan negara (waktu itu) Staatsspoorwegen. Batavia – Surabaya terhubung dengan Jalur rel kereta api untuk pertama kali melalui Buitenzorg (Bogor) – Sukabumi – Bandung - Jogja dengan waktu tempuh tiga hari (pada waktu itu, kereta api masih belum diperbolehkan melakukan perjalanan malam hari).<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyVezpjcco_TN8iReyB2FL8wJM7M6lxywN-km9oLe-QRnrm-Tzq7hB1-0-MsS4QhHxipzA0inD-eIWJF_Scgcvo10k-vZrbuIXigutqNCQUD0qcIYJlz-koodvCkI0fJ5yz_MUpd7f_uI/s1600/Buitenzorg_1927.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyVezpjcco_TN8iReyB2FL8wJM7M6lxywN-km9oLe-QRnrm-Tzq7hB1-0-MsS4QhHxipzA0inD-eIWJF_Scgcvo10k-vZrbuIXigutqNCQUD0qcIYJlz-koodvCkI0fJ5yz_MUpd7f_uI/s1600/Buitenzorg_1927.jpg" height="314" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">stasiun Buitenzorg (Bogor) tahun 1927</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Kereta Api baru diijinkan untuk berjalan pada malam hari, pada tahun 1918, setahun setelah diresmikannya jalur Cirebon – Kroya oleh SS. Pembukaan jalur ini mempersingkat jarak Batavia – Surabaya sampai 44km dan sejak itu rute perjalanan kereta Batavia~Surabaya dialihkan melalui Batavia (Jakarta) – Cirebon – Kroya – Yogya – Surabaya Kota untuk mempersingkat waktu tempuh, sehingga memungkinkan Batavia ~ Surabaya ditempuh dalam waktu 17 Jam. Dan pada waktu itu, Batavia ~ Cirebon ~ Tegal ~ Semarang belum tersambung karena stasiun Cirebon (Kejaksaan) adalah stasiun Staatspoorwegen, sementara stasiun Cirebon Prujakan milik 'Semarang - Cheribonsche Stoomtram Maatschappij' (SCS Mij)<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8c6PLS1bTpoJKcWdUav4SNxfvx0F46Zhjh9WKSFC_rycdFSCW3N0AQJIDvWqJEwY5x6mhUEviY315A-bwrZjCVxaAwWwktPlG15WMB35QYLrxaICBunX7NL3U_Hbx854gmbkUyyJLV2A/s1600/De+1B-tenderlocomotief+nr+208+van+de+Staatspoor-+en+Tramwegen+van+Nederlands-Indi%C3%AB+op+een+draaischijf+bij+het+spoorwegstation+te+Cheribon(2).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8c6PLS1bTpoJKcWdUav4SNxfvx0F46Zhjh9WKSFC_rycdFSCW3N0AQJIDvWqJEwY5x6mhUEviY315A-bwrZjCVxaAwWwktPlG15WMB35QYLrxaICBunX7NL3U_Hbx854gmbkUyyJLV2A/s1600/De+1B-tenderlocomotief+nr+208+van+de+Staatspoor-+en+Tramwegen+van+Nederlands-Indi%C3%AB+op+een+draaischijf+bij+het+spoorwegstation+te+Cheribon(2).jpg" height="178" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">nampak dekat lokomotif Staatsspoorwegen di turntable stasiun Cirebon Kejaksaan</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifroMurTuVEJROYDjKUQRk5TS4Xsw1S4TpffEfWEE6VS7qVRwBKgeqLo1QZubrOkSORIh2cT1E9bd3H7ab5vi9g12C4PFd72zs1iHrCQCVv1ayXCgvdWeG748DZFSKmo9zAftHKOs89YE/s1600/De+1B-tenderlocomotief+nr+208+van+de+Staatspoor-+en+Tramwegen+van+Nederlands-Indi%C3%AB+op+een+draaischijf+bij+het+spoorwegstation+te+Cheribon.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifroMurTuVEJROYDjKUQRk5TS4Xsw1S4TpffEfWEE6VS7qVRwBKgeqLo1QZubrOkSORIh2cT1E9bd3H7ab5vi9g12C4PFd72zs1iHrCQCVv1ayXCgvdWeG748DZFSKmo9zAftHKOs89YE/s1600/De+1B-tenderlocomotief+nr+208+van+de+Staatspoor-+en+Tramwegen+van+Nederlands-Indi%C3%AB+op+een+draaischijf+bij+het+spoorwegstation+te+Cheribon.bmp" height="253" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">turntable di stasiun Cirebon Kejaksaan (1913~1916)</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-KbWBb5GkOfgJRJ9LOS-zNspoYtF-rtuqz4Qi0vErtbEnCfkih45uxeZxnE5ag8oyj0ku2Z1BZ-1ejlqc-r_8jIyJ77In_PuCYrtTSSYfQJQwBAydFfdIzjOaNGOcUwzN_BF887H_GkI/s1600/De+Cheribon(KITLV).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-KbWBb5GkOfgJRJ9LOS-zNspoYtF-rtuqz4Qi0vErtbEnCfkih45uxeZxnE5ag8oyj0ku2Z1BZ-1ejlqc-r_8jIyJ77In_PuCYrtTSSYfQJQwBAydFfdIzjOaNGOcUwzN_BF887H_GkI/s1600/De+Cheribon(KITLV).jpg" height="320" width="295" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">tampak Bangunan depan stasiun Cirebon Kejaksaan (1913~1916)</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWtxiRDw5G6XTtJnXMwgLWi_dfb-RKnlB0tNunXMUc3CD6DcNG55SH9TEkZxrbycjEKROxAyrN0An7UTnRF1njExS80gU1iOBdvmSVd5rPyYT5-HXAR3WvH0a7ZFqlvT8zbvrLyM-JPLc/s1600/De+Cheribon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWtxiRDw5G6XTtJnXMwgLWi_dfb-RKnlB0tNunXMUc3CD6DcNG55SH9TEkZxrbycjEKROxAyrN0An7UTnRF1njExS80gU1iOBdvmSVd5rPyYT5-HXAR3WvH0a7ZFqlvT8zbvrLyM-JPLc/s1600/De+Cheribon.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">stasiun Cirebon Kejaksaan tahun 2013</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfzQD5rWxHnF_GW9b_NeNIN_JFoWgxJEc6kzS1FU5404rh-Ox5iXn5l4sjZ5dbYl4_U9nCORMahrnnwz8SIEQlrkjTBaII-uD2PGy94t_UxJRd49DPmSLz-KuLX3lMusa2fklX9nRmcy4/s1600/Stopplats_Djarakah_txt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfzQD5rWxHnF_GW9b_NeNIN_JFoWgxJEc6kzS1FU5404rh-Ox5iXn5l4sjZ5dbYl4_U9nCORMahrnnwz8SIEQlrkjTBaII-uD2PGy94t_UxJRd49DPmSLz-KuLX3lMusa2fklX9nRmcy4/s1600/Stopplats_Djarakah_txt.jpg" height="168" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stopplaats Djrakah dan kereta SCS</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
sumber foto-foto lama dari KITLV.nl <a href="http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced/start/2?q_searchfield=scs" target="_blank">http://media-kitlv.nl/all-media/indeling/detail/form/advanced/start/2?q_searchfield=scs</a><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>mari kita melihat aksi lokomotif uap yang legendaris di Indonesia (Lokomotif C53) di</b></span> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/susunan-roda-lokomotif-uap.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/susunan-roda-lokomotif-uap.html</a><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;"><i>Artikel ini bersambung, dan selanjutnya dapat anda baca di</i></span></span> <a href="http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang_18.html" target="_blank">http://aabandema.blogspot.com/2014/01/miniatur-kereta-api-arsitektur-ruang_18.html</a><br />
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- terimakasih telah berkunjung ke halaman blog ini -Petruk Asololehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04339574030719403063noreply@blogger.com3